Jude 1:18

1:18 For they said to you, “In the end time there will come ¹  scoffers, propelled by their own ungodly desires.” ² 

Galatians 5:16

5:16 But I say, live ³  by the Spirit and you will not carry out the desires of the flesh. ⁴ 

Galatians 5:24

5:24 Now those who belong to Christ ⁵  have crucified the flesh ⁶  with its passions ⁷  and desires.

Galatians 5:1

Freedom of the Believer

5:1 For freedom ⁸  Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not be subject again to the yoke ⁹  of slavery.

Galatians 4:5

4:5 to redeem those who were under the law, so that we may be adopted as sons with full rights. ¹⁰ 

Galatians 4:2-3

4:2 But he is under guardians ¹¹  and managers until the date set by his ¹²  father. 4:3 So also we, when we were minors, ¹³  were enslaved under the basic forces ¹⁴  of the world.

James 1:14-15

1:14 But each one is tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own desires. 1:15 Then when desire conceives, it gives birth to sin, and when sin is full grown, it gives birth to death.

James 1:1

Salutation

1:1 From James, ¹⁵  a slave ¹⁶  of God and the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes dispersed abroad. ¹⁷  Greetings!

James 1:14

1:14 But each one is tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own desires.

James 2:11

2:11 For he who said, “Do not commit adultery,” ¹⁸  also said, “Do not murder.” ¹⁹  Now if you do not commit adultery but do commit murder, you have become a violator of the law.

James 2:1

Prejudice and the Law of Love

2:1 My brothers and sisters, ²⁰  do not show prejudice ²¹  if you possess faith ²²  in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ. ²³ 

James 4:2

4:2 You desire and you do not have; you murder and envy and you cannot obtain; you quarrel and fight. You do not have because you do not ask;

James 4:2

4:2 You desire and you do not have; you murder and envy and you cannot obtain; you quarrel and fight. You do not have because you do not ask;

James 2:10

2:10 For the one who obeys the whole law but fails ²⁴  in one point has become guilty of all of it. ²⁵ 

James 3:3

3:3 And if we put bits into the mouths of horses to get them to obey us, then we guide their entire bodies. ²⁶ 

[1:18]  ¹ tn Grk “be.”

[1:18]  ² tn Grk “going according to their own desires of ungodliness.”

[5:16]  ³ tn Grk “walk” (a common NT idiom for how one conducts one’s life or how one behaves).

[5:16]  ⁴ tn On the term “flesh” (once in this verse and twice in v. 17) see the note on the same word in Gal 5:13.

[5:24]  ⁵ tc ‡ Some mss (א A B C P Ψ 0122¹ 0278 33 1175 1739 pc co) read “Christ Jesus” here, while many significant ones (Ì⁴⁶ D F G 0122*^,2 latt sy), as well as the Byzantine text, lack “Jesus.” The Byzantine text is especially not prone to omit the name “Jesus”; that it does so here argues for the authenticity of the shorter reading (for similar instances of probably authentic Byzantine shorter readings, see Matt 24:36 and Phil 1:14; cf. also W.-H. J. Wu, “A Systematic Analysis of the Shorter Readings in the Byzantine Text of the Synoptic Gospels” [Ph.D. diss., Dallas Theological Seminary, 2002]). On the strength of the alignment of Ì⁴⁶ with the Western and Byzantine texttypes, the shorter reading is preferred. NA²⁷ includes the word in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity.

[5:24]  ⁶ tn See the note on the word “flesh” in Gal 5:13.

[5:24]  ⁷ tn The Greek term παθήμασιν (paqhmasin, translated “passions”) refers to strong physical desires, especially of a sexual nature (L&N 25.30).

[5:1]  ⁸ tn Translating the dative as “For freedom” shows the purpose for Christ setting us free; however, it is also possible to take the phrase in the sense of means or instrument (“with [or by] freedom”), referring to the freedom mentioned in 4:31 and implied throughout the letter.

[5:1]  ⁹ sn Here the yoke figuratively represents the burdensome nature of slavery.

[4:5]  ¹⁰ tn The Greek term υἱοθεσία (Juioqesia) was originally a legal technical term for adoption as a son with full rights of inheritance. BDAG 1024 s.v. notes, “a legal t.t. of ‘adoption’ of children, in our lit., i.e. in Paul, only in a transferred sense of a transcendent filial relationship between God and humans (with the legal aspect, not gender specificity, as major semantic component).” Although some modern translations remove the filial sense completely and render the term merely “adoption” (cf. NAB), the retention of this component of meaning was accomplished in the present translation by the phrase “as sons.”

[4:2]  ¹¹ tn The Greek term translated “guardians” here is ἐπίτροπος (epitropo"), whose semantic domain overlaps with that of παιδαγωγός (paidagwgo") according to L&N 36.5.

[4:2]  ¹² tn Grk “the,” but the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).

[4:3]  ¹³ tn See the note on the word “minor” in 4:1.

[4:3]  ¹⁴ tn Or “basic principles,” “elemental things,” or “elemental spirits.” Some interpreters take this as a reference to supernatural powers who controlled nature and/or human fate.

[1:1]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “James.” The word “From” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.

[1:1]  ¹⁶ tn Traditionally, “servant” or “bondservant.” Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times…in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v.). The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος), in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force.

[1:1]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “to the twelve tribes in the Diaspora.” The Greek term διασπορά (diaspora, “dispersion”) refers to Jews not living in Palestine but “dispersed” or scattered among the Gentiles.

[2:11]  ¹⁸ sn A quotation from Exod 20:14 and Deut 5:18.

[2:11]  ¹⁹ sn A quotation from Exod 20:13 and Deut 5:17.

[2:1]  ²⁰ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:2.

[2:1]  ²¹ tn Or “partiality.”

[2:1]  ²² tn Grk “do not have faith with personal prejudice,” with emphasis on the last phrase.

[2:1]  ²³ tn Grk “our Lord Jesus Christ of glory.” Here δόξης (doxhs) has been translated as an attributive genitive.

[2:10]  ²⁴ tn Or “stumbles.”

[2:10]  ²⁵ tn Grk “guilty of all.”

[3:3]  ²⁶ tn Grk “their entire body.”