Leviticus 1:14

From the Birds

1:14 “‘If his offering to the Lord is a burnt offering from the birds, ¹  he must present his offering from the turtledoves or from the young pigeons. ² 

Leviticus 5:7

5:7 “‘If he cannot afford an animal from the flock, ³  he must bring his penalty for guilt for his sin that he has committed, ⁴  two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ⁵  to the Lord, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering.

Leviticus 5:11

5:11 “‘If he cannot afford ⁶  two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ⁷  he must bring as his offering for his sin which he has committed ⁸  a tenth of an ephah ⁹  of choice wheat flour ¹⁰  for a sin offering. He must not place olive oil on it and he must not put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering.

Leviticus 12:6

12:6 “‘When ¹¹  the days of her purification are completed for a son or for a daughter, she must bring a one year old lamb ¹²  for a burnt offering ¹³  and a young pigeon or turtledove for a sin offering ¹⁴  to the entrance of the Meeting Tent, to the priest.

Leviticus 12:8

12:8 If she cannot afford a sheep, ¹⁵  then she must take two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ¹⁶  one for a burnt offering and one for a sin offering, and the priest is to make atonement on her behalf, and she will be clean.’” ¹⁷ 

Leviticus 14:22

14:22 and two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ¹⁸  which are within his means. ¹⁹  One will be a sin offering and the other a burnt offering. ²⁰ 

Leviticus 14:30

14:30 “He will then make one of the turtledoves ²¹  or young pigeons, which are within his means, ²² 

Leviticus 15:14

15:14 Then on the eighth day he is to take for himself two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ²³  and he is to present himself ²⁴  before the Lord at the entrance of the Meeting Tent and give them to the priest,

Leviticus 15:29

15:29 Then on the eighth day she must take for herself two turtledoves or two young pigeons ²⁵  and she must bring them to the priest at the entrance of the Meeting Tent,

Luke 2:24

2:24 and to offer a sacrifice according to what is specified in the law of the Lord, a pair of doves ²⁶  or two young pigeons. ²⁷ 

[1:14]  ¹ tn Heb “from the [category] ‘bird.’”

[1:14]  ² tn Heb “from the sons of the pigeon,” referring either to “young pigeons” (cf. KJV, NASB, NIV, NLT) or “various species of pigeon” (contrast J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:168, with J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 14).

[5:7]  ³ tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach enough of a flock animal” (see the note on v. 11 below). The term translated “animal from the flock” (שֶׂה, seh) is often translated “lamb” (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NCV) or “sheep” (e.g., NRSV, TEV, NLT), but it clearly includes either a sheep or a goat here (cf. v. 6), referring to the smaller pasture animals as opposed to the larger ones (i.e., cattle; cf. 4:3). Some English versions use the more generic “animal” (e.g., NAB, CEV).

[5:7]  ⁴ tn Heb “and he shall bring his guilt which he sinned,” which is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” The words “for his sin” have been left out in v. 7, and “to the Lord” has been moved so that it follows the mention of the birds.

[5:7]  ⁵ tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above.

[5:11]  ⁶ tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach [or is not sufficient] to”; cf. NASB “if his means are insufficient for.” The expression is the same as that in Lev 5:7 above except for the verb: נָשַׂג (nasag, “to collect, to reach, to be sufficient”) is used here, but נָגַע (nagah, “to touch, to reach”) is used in v. 7. Smr has the former in both v. 7 and 11.

[5:11]  ⁷ tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above (cf. also 5:7).

[5:11]  ⁸ tn Heb “and he shall bring his offering which he sinned.” Like the similar expression in v. 7 above (see the note there), this is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” Here the words “to the Lord for his sin” have been left out, and “his [penalty for] guilt” has been changed to “his offering.”

[5:11]  ⁹ sn A tenth of an ephah would be about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306). English versions handle the amount somewhat differently, cf. NCV “about two quarts”; TEV “one kilogramme”; CEV “two pounds.”

[5:11]  ¹⁰ tn See the note on Lev 2:1 above.

[12:6]  ¹¹ tn Heb “And when” (so KJV, NASB). Many recent English versions leave the conjunction untranslated.

[12:6]  ¹² tn Heb “a lamb the son of his year”; KJV “a lamb of the first year” (NRSV “in its first year”); NAB “a yearling lamb.”

[12:6]  ¹³ sn See the note on Lev 1:3 regarding the “burnt offering.”

[12:6]  ¹⁴ sn See the note on Lev 4:3 regarding the term “sin offering.”

[12:8]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “If her hand cannot find the sufficiency of a sheep.” Many English versions render this as “lamb.”

[12:8]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “from the sons of the pigeon,” referring either to “young pigeons” or “various species of pigeon” (contrast J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:168, with J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 14; cf. Lev 1:14 and esp. 5:7-10).

[12:8]  ¹⁷ tn Or “she will be[come] pure.”

[14:22]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “from the sons of the pigeon,” referring either to “young pigeons” or “various species of pigeon” (contrast J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:168 with J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 14; cf. Lev 1:14 and esp. 5:7-10).

[14:22]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “which his hand reaches”; NRSV “such as (which NIV) he can afford.”

[14:22]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and one shall be a sin offering and the one a burnt offering.” The versions struggle with whether or not “one” should or should not have the definite article in its two occurrences in this verse (KJV, ASV, NAB, NASB all have the English definite article with both). The MT has the first without and the second with the article.

[14:30]  ²¹ tn Heb “the one from the turtledoves.”

[14:30]  ²² tc Heb “from which his hand reaches.” The repetition of virtually the same expression at the beginning of v. 31 in the MT is probably due to dittography (cf. the LXX and Syriac). However, the MT may be retained if it is understood as “one of the turtledoves or young pigeons that are within his means – whichever he can afford” (see J. Milgrom’s translation in Leviticus [AB], 1:828, contra his commentary, 862; cf. REB).

[15:14]  ²³ tn Heb “from the sons of the pigeon,” referring either to “young pigeons” or “various species of pigeon” (contrast J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:168 with J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 14; cf. Lev 1:14 and esp. 5:7-10).

[15:14]  ²⁴ tc The MT has the Qal form of the verb בּוֹא (bo’) “to come” here, but the LXX (followed generally by the Syriac and Tg. Ps.-J.) reflects the Hiphil form of the same verb, “to bring” as in v. 29 below. In v. 29, however, there is no additional clause “and give them to the priest,” so the Hiphil is necessary in that context while it is not necessary here in v. 14.

[15:29]  ²⁵ tn Heb “from the sons of the pigeon,” referring either to “young pigeons” or “various species of pigeon” (contrast J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:168 with J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 14; cf. Lev 1:14 and esp. 5:7-10).

[2:24]  ²⁶ sn The offering of a pair of doves or two young pigeons, instead of a lamb, speaks of the humble roots of Jesus’ family – they apparently could not afford the expense of a lamb.

[2:24]  ²⁷ sn A quotation from Lev 12:8; 5:11 (LXX).