Leviticus 18:21

18:21 You must not give any of your children as an offering to Molech, ¹  so that you do not profane ²  the name of your God. I am the Lord!

Leviticus 20:1-5

Prohibitions against Illegitimate Family Worship

20:1 The Lord spoke to Moses: 20:2 “You are to say to the Israelites, ‘Any man from the Israelites or from the foreigners who reside in Israel ³  who gives any of his children ⁴  to Molech ⁵  must be put to death; the people of the land must pelt him with stones. ⁶  20:3 I myself will set my face ⁷  against that man and cut him off from the midst of his people, ⁸  because he has given some of his children to Molech and thereby defiled my sanctuary and profaned my holy name. ⁹  20:4 If, however, the people of the land shut their eyes ¹⁰  to that man ¹¹  when he gives some of his children to Molech so that they do not put him to death, 20:5 I myself will set my face against that man and his clan. I will cut off from the midst of their people both him and all who follow after him in spiritual prostitution, ¹²  to commit prostitution by worshiping Molech. ¹³ 

Deuteronomy 18:10

18:10 There must never be found among you anyone who sacrifices his son or daughter in the fire, ¹⁴  anyone who practices divination, ¹⁵  an omen reader, ¹⁶  a soothsayer, ¹⁷  a sorcerer, ¹⁸ 

Deuteronomy 18:2

18:2 They ¹⁹  will have no inheritance in the midst of their fellow Israelites; ²⁰  the Lord alone is their inheritance, just as he had told them.

Deuteronomy 17:17

17:17 Furthermore, he must not marry many ²¹  wives lest his affections turn aside, and he must not accumulate much silver and gold.

Deuteronomy 21:6

21:6 and all the elders of that city nearest the corpse ²²  must wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley. ²³ 

Deuteronomy 23:10

23:10 If there is someone among you who is impure because of some nocturnal emission, ²⁴  he must leave the camp; he may not reenter it immediately.

[18:21]  ¹ tn Heb “And from your seed you shall not give to cause to pass over to Molech.” Smr (cf. also the LXX) has “to cause to serve” rather than “to cause to pass over.” For detailed remarks on Molech and Molech worship see N. H. Snaith, Leviticus and Numbers (NCBC), 87-88; P. J. Budd, Leviticus (NCBC), 259-60; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 333-37, and the literature cited there. It could refer to either human sacrifice or a devotion of children to some sort of service of Molech, perhaps of a sexual sort (cf. Lev 20:2-5; 2 Kgs 23:10, etc.). The inclusion of this prohibition against Molech worship here may be due to some sexual connection of this kind, or perhaps simply to the lexical link between זֶרַע (zera’) meaning “seed, semen” in v. 20 but “offspring” in v. 21.

[18:21]  ² tn Heb “and you shall not profane.” Regarding “profane,” see the note on Lev 10:10 above.

[20:2]  ³ tn Heb “or from the sojourner who sojourns”; NAB “an alien residing in Israel.”

[20:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “his seed” (so KJV, ASV); likewise in vv. 3-4.

[20:2]  ⁵ tn Regarding Molech and Molech worship see the note on Lev 18:21.

[20:2]  ⁶ tn This is not the most frequently-used Hebrew verb for stoning (see instead סָקַל, saqal), but a word that refers to the action of throwing, slinging, or pelting someone with stones (רָגָם, ragam; see HALOT 1187 s.v. רגם qal.a, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 136).

[20:3]  ⁷ tn Heb “And I, I shall give my faces.”

[20:3]  ⁸ sn On the “cut off” penalty see the notes on Lev 7:20 and 17:4.

[20:3]  ⁹ tn Heb “for the sake of defiling my sanctuary and to profane my holy name.”

[20:4]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “And if shutting [infinitive absolute] they shut [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.

[20:4]  ¹¹ tn Heb “from that man” (so ASV); NASB “disregard that man.”

[20:5]  ¹² tn The adjective “spiritual” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that this is not a reference to literal prostitution, but figuratively compares idolatry to prostitution.

[20:5]  ¹³ tn Heb “to commit harlotry after Molech.” The translation employs “worshiping” here for clarity (cf. NAB, NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT). On the “cut off” penalty see the note on Lev 7:20.

[18:10]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “who passes his son or his daughter through the fire.” The expression “pass…through the fire” is probably a euphemism for human sacrifice (cf. NAB, NIV, TEV, NLT). See also Deut 12:31.

[18:10]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “a diviner of divination” (קֹסֵם קְסָמִים, qosem qÿsamim). This was a means employed to determine the future or the outcome of events by observation of various omens and signs (cf. Num 22:7; 23:23; Josh 13:22; 1 Sam 6:2; 15:23; 28:8; etc.). See M. Horsnell, NIDOTTE 3:945-51.

[18:10]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “one who causes to appear” (מְעוֹנֵן, mÿ’onen). Such a practitioner was thought to be able to conjure up spirits or apparitions (cf. Lev 19:26; Judg 9:37; 2 Kgs 21:6; Isa 2:6; 57:3; Jer 27:9; Mic 5:11).

[18:10]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “a seeker of omens” (מְנַחֵשׁ, mÿnakhesh). This is a subset of divination, one illustrated by the use of a “divining cup” in the story of Joseph (Gen 44:5).

[18:10]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “a doer of sorcery” (מְכַשֵּׁף, mikhashef). This has to do with magic or the casting of spells in order to manipulate the gods or the powers of nature (cf. Lev 19:26-31; 2 Kgs 17:15b-17; 21:1-7; Isa 57:3, 5; etc.). See M. Horsnell, NIDOTTE 2:735-38.

[18:2]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “he” (and throughout the verse).

[18:2]  ²⁰ tn Heb “brothers,” but not referring to actual siblings. Cf. NASB “their countrymen”; NRSV “the other members of the community.”

[17:17]  ²¹ tn Heb “must not multiply” (cf. KJV, NASB); NLT “must not take many.”

[21:6]  ²² tn Heb “slain [one].”

[21:6]  ²³ tn Heb “wadi,” a seasonal watercourse through a valley.

[23:10]  ²⁴ tn Heb “nocturnal happening.” The Hebrew term קָרֶה (qareh) merely means “to happen” so the phrase here is euphemistic (a “night happening”) for some kind of bodily emission such as excrement or semen. Such otherwise normal physical functions rendered one ritually unclean whether accidental or not. See Lev 15:16-18; 22:4.