Leviticus 17:7

17:7 So they must no longer offer ¹  their sacrifices to the goat demons, ²  acting like prostitutes by going after them. ³  This is to be a perpetual statute for them throughout their generations. ⁴ 

Psalms 106:39

106:39 They were defiled by their deeds,

and unfaithful in their actions. ⁵ 

Jeremiah 3:2

3:2 “Look up at the hilltops and consider this. ⁶ 

You have had sex with other gods on every one of them. ⁷ 

You waited for those gods like a thief lying in wait in the desert. ⁸ 

You defiled the land by your wicked prostitution to other gods. ⁹ 

Hosea 2:5

2:5 For their mother has committed adultery;

she who conceived them has acted shamefully.

For she said, “I will seek out ¹⁰  my lovers; ¹¹ 

they are the ones who give me my bread and my water,

my wool, my flax, my olive oil, and my wine. ¹² 

Hosea 2:13

2:13 “I will punish her for the festival days

when she burned incense to the Baal idols; ¹³ 

she adorned herself with earrings and jewelry,

and went after her lovers,

but ¹⁴  she forgot me!” ¹⁵  says the Lord.

[17:7]  ¹ tn Heb “sacrifice.” This has been translated as “offer” for stylistic reasons to avoid the redundancy of “sacrifice their sacrifices.”

[17:7]  ² tn On “goat demons” of the desert regions see the note on Lev 16:8.

[17:7]  ³ tn Heb “which they are committing harlotry after them.”

[17:7]  ⁴ tn Heb “for your generations.”

[106:39]  ⁵ tn Heb “and they committed adultery in their actions.” This means that they were unfaithful to the Lord (see Ps 73:27).

[3:2]  ⁶ tn Heb “and see.”

[3:2]  ⁷ tn Heb “Where have you not been ravished?” The rhetorical question expects the answer “nowhere,” which suggests she has engaged in the worship of pagan gods on every one of the hilltops.

[3:2]  ⁸ tn Heb “You sat for them [the lovers, i.e., the foreign gods] beside the road like an Arab in the desert.”

[3:2]  ⁹ tn Heb “by your prostitution and your wickedness.” This is probably an example of hendiadys where, when two nouns are joined by “and,” one expresses the main idea and the other qualifies it.

[2:5]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “I will go after” (so KJV, NAB, NIV, NRSV).

[2:5]  ¹¹ sn This statement alludes to the practice of sexual rites in the Canaanite fertility cult which attempted to secure agricultural fertility from the Canaanite gods (note the following reference to wool, flax, olive oil, and wine).

[2:5]  ¹² tn Heb “my drinks.” Many English versions use the singular “drink” here, but cf. NCV, TEV, CEV “wine.”

[2:13]  ¹³ tn Heb “the days of the Baals, to whom she burned incense.” The word “festival” is supplied to clarify the referent of “days,” and the word “idols” is supplied in light of the plural “Baals” (cf. NLT “her images of Baal”).

[2:13]  ¹⁴ tn The vav prefixed to a nonverb (וְאֹתִי, vé’oti) introduces a disjunctive contrastive clause, which is rhetorically powerful.

[2:13]  ¹⁵ tn The accusative direct object pronoun וְאֹתִי (vé’oti, “me”) is emphatic in the word order of this clause (cf. NIV “but me she forgot”), emphasizing the heinous inappropriateness of Israel’s departure from the Lord.