Luke 22:1-2

Judas’ Decision to Betray Jesus

22:1 Now the Feast of Unleavened Bread, ¹  which is called the Passover, was approaching. 22:2 The ²  chief priests and the experts in the law ³  were trying to find some way ⁴  to execute ⁵  Jesus, ⁶  for they were afraid of the people. ⁷ 

Luke 22:5

22:5 They ⁸  were delighted ⁹  and arranged to give him money. ¹⁰ 

Luke 22:22-23

22:22 For the Son of Man is to go just as it has been determined, ¹¹  but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed!” 22:23 So ¹²  they began to question one another as to which of them it could possibly be who would do this.

Acts 16:22

16:22 The crowd joined the attack ¹³  against them, and the magistrates tore the clothes ¹⁴  off Paul and Silas ¹⁵  and ordered them to be beaten with rods. ¹⁶ 

Acts 17:5-6

17:5 But the Jews became jealous, ¹⁷  and gathering together some worthless men from the rabble in the marketplace, ¹⁸  they formed a mob ¹⁹  and set the city in an uproar. ²⁰  They attacked Jason’s house, ²¹  trying to find Paul and Silas ²²  to bring them out to the assembly. ²³  17:6 When they did not find them, they dragged ²⁴  Jason and some of the brothers before the city officials, ²⁵  screaming, “These people who have stirred up trouble ²⁶  throughout the world ²⁷  have come here too,

Acts 19:28-32

19:28 When ²⁸  they heard ²⁹  this they became enraged ³⁰  and began to shout, ³¹  “Great is Artemis ³²  of the Ephesians!” 19:29 The ³³  city was filled with the uproar, ³⁴  and the crowd ³⁵  rushed to the theater ³⁶  together, ³⁷  dragging with them Gaius and Aristarchus, the Macedonians who were Paul’s traveling companions. 19:30 But when Paul wanted to enter the public assembly, ³⁸  the disciples would not let him. 19:31 Even some of the provincial authorities ³⁹  who were his friends sent ⁴⁰  a message ⁴¹  to him, urging him not to venture ⁴²  into the theater. 19:32 So then some were shouting one thing, some another, for the assembly was in confusion, and most of them did not know why they had met together. ⁴³ 

[22:1]  ¹ sn The Feast of Unleavened Bread was a week long celebration that followed the day of Passover, so one name was used for both feasts (Exod 12:1-20; 23:15; 34:18; Deut 16:1-8).

[22:2]  ² tn Grk “And the.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[22:2]  ³ tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 5:21.

[22:2]  ⁴ tn Grk “were seeking how.”

[22:2]  ⁵ tn The Greek verb here means “to get rid of by execution” (BDAG 64 s.v. ἀναιρέω 2; cf. also L&N 20.71, which states, “to get rid of someone by execution, often with legal or quasi-legal procedures”).

[22:2]  ⁶ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:2]  ⁷ sn The suggestion here is that Jesus was too popular to openly arrest him. The verb were trying is imperfect. It suggests, in this context, that they were always considering the opportunities.

[22:5]  ⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[22:5]  ⁹ sn The leaders were delighted when Judas contacted them about betraying Jesus, because it gave them the opportunity they had been looking for, and they could later claim that Jesus had been betrayed by one of his own disciples.

[22:5]  ¹⁰ sn Matt 26:15 states the amount of money they gave Judas was thirty pieces of silver (see also Matt 27:3-4; Zech 11:12-13).

[22:22]  ¹¹ sn Jesus’ death has been determined as a part of God’s plan (Acts 2:22-24).

[22:23]  ¹² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ comments: The disciples begin wondering who would betray him.

[16:22]  ¹³ tn L&N 39.50 has “the crowd joined the attack against them” for συνεπέστη (sunepesth) in this verse.

[16:22]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “tearing the clothes off them, the magistrates ordered.” The participle περιρήξαντες (perirhxante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. Although it may be possible to understand the aorist active participle περιρήξαντες in a causative sense (“the magistrates caused the clothes to be torn off Paul and Silas”) in the mob scene that was taking place, it is also possible that the magistrates themselves actively participated. This act was done to prepare them for a public flogging (2 Cor 11:25; 1 Thess 2:2).

[16:22]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “off them”; the referents (Paul and Silas) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[16:22]  ¹⁶ tn The infinitive ῥαβδίζειν (rJabdizein) means “to beat with rods or sticks” (as opposed to fists or clubs, BDAG 902 s.v. ῥαβδίζω).

[17:5]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “becoming jealous.” The participle ζηλώσαντες (zhlwsante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. So elsewhere in Acts (5:17; 7:9; 13:45).

[17:5]  ¹⁸ tn Literally ἀγοραῖος (agoraio") refers to the crowd in the marketplace, although BDAG 14-15 s.v. ἀγοραῖος 1 gives the meaning, by extension, as “rabble.” Such a description is certainly appropriate in this context. L&N 15.127 translates the phrase “worthless men from the streets.”

[17:5]  ¹⁹ tn On this term, which is a NT hapax legomenon, see BDAG 745 s.v. ὀχλοποιέω.

[17:5]  ²⁰ tn BDAG 458 s.v. θορυβέω 1 has “set the city in an uproar, start a riot in the city” for the meaning of ἐθορύβουν (eqoruboun) in this verse.

[17:5]  ²¹ sn The attack took place at Jason’s house because this was probably the location of the new house church.

[17:5]  ²² tn Grk “them”; the referents (Paul and Silas) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:5]  ²³ tn BDAG 223 s.v. δῆμος 2 has “in a Hellenistic city, a convocation of citizens called together for the purpose of transacting official business, popular assembly προάγειν εἰς τὸν δ. Ac 17:5.”

[17:6]  ²⁴ tn See BDAG 977-78 s.v. σύρω on this verb. It was used in everyday speech of dragging in fish by a net, or dragging away someone’s (presumably) dead body (Paul in Acts 14:19).

[17:6]  ²⁵ tn L&N 37.93 defines πολιτάρχης (politarch") as “a public official responsible for administrative matters within a town or city and a member of the ruling council of such a political unit – ‘city official’” (see also BDAG 845 s.v.).

[17:6]  ²⁶ tn Or “rebellion.” BDAG 72 s.v. ἀναστατόω has “disturb, trouble, upset,” but in light of the references in the following verse to political insurrection, “stirred up rebellion” would also be appropriate.

[17:6]  ²⁷ tn Or “the empire.” This was a way of referring to the Roman empire (BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 2.b).

[19:28]  ²⁸ tn Grk “And when.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[19:28]  ²⁹ tn Grk “And hearing.” The participle ἀκούσαντες (akousante") has been taken temporally.

[19:28]  ³⁰ tn Grk “they became filled with rage” (an idiom). The reaction of the Ephesians here is like that of the Jews earlier, though Luke referred to “zeal” or “jealousy” in the former case (Acts 7:54).

[19:28]  ³¹ tn Grk “and began shouting, saying.” The imperfect verb ἔκραζον (ekrazon) has been translated as an ingressive imperfect. The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in English and has not been translated.

[19:28]  ³² sn Artemis was a Greek goddess worshiped particularly in Asia Minor, whose temple, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was located just outside the city of Ephesus.

[19:29]  ³³ tn Grk “And the.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[19:29]  ³⁴ tn L&N 39.43 has “‘the uproar spread throughout the whole city’ (literally ‘the city was filled with uproar’) Ac 19:29.” BDAG 954 s.v. σύγχυσις has “confusion, tumult.”

[19:29]  ³⁵ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[19:29]  ³⁶ sn To the theater. This location made the event a public spectacle. The Grand Theater in Ephesus (still standing today) stood facing down the main thoroughfare of the city toward the docks. It had a seating capacity of 25,000.

[19:29]  ³⁷ tn Grk “to the theater with one accord.”

[19:30]  ³⁸ tn Or “enter the crowd.” According to BDAG 223 s.v. δῆμος 2, “in a Hellenistic city, a convocation of citizens called together for the purpose of transacting official business, popular assembly…εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὸν δ. go into the assembly 19:30.”

[19:31]  ³⁹ tn Grk “Asiarchs” (high-ranking officials of the province of Asia).

[19:31]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “sending”; the participle πέμψαντες (pemyante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[19:31]  ⁴¹ tn The words “a message” are not in the Greek text but are implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.

[19:31]  ⁴² tn BDAG 242-43 s.v. δίδωμι 11 has “to cause (oneself) to go, go, venture somewhere (cp. our older ‘betake oneself’)…Ac 19:31.” The desire of these sympathetic authorities was surely to protect Paul’s life. The detail indicates how dangerous things had become.

[19:32]  ⁴³ tn Or “had assembled.”