Luke 23:2

23:2 They ¹  began to accuse ²  him, saying, “We found this man subverting ³  our nation, forbidding ⁴  us to pay the tribute tax ⁵  to Caesar ⁶  and claiming that he himself is Christ, ⁷  a king.”

Luke 23:5

23:5 But they persisted ⁸  in saying, “He incites ⁹  the people by teaching throughout all Judea. It started in Galilee and ended up here!” ¹⁰ 

Luke 23:14-15

23:14 and said to them, “You brought me this man as one who was misleading ¹¹  the people. When I examined him before you, I ¹²  did not find this man guilty ¹³  of anything you accused him of doing. 23:15 Neither did Herod, for he sent him back to us. Look, he has done nothing ¹⁴  deserving death. ¹⁵ 

Luke 11:53

11:53 When he went out from there, the experts in the law ¹⁶  and the Pharisees began to oppose him bitterly, ¹⁷  and to ask him hostile questions ¹⁸  about many things,

Acts 24:5

24:5 For we have found ¹⁹  this man to be a troublemaker, ²⁰  one who stirs up riots ²¹  among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader ²²  of the sect of the Nazarenes. ²³ 

[23:2]  ¹ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[23:2]  ² sn They began to accuse him. There were three charges: (1) disturbing Jewish peace; (2) fomenting rebellion through advocating not paying taxes (a lie – 20:20-26); and (3) claiming to be a political threat to Rome, by claiming to be a king, an allusion to Jesus’ messianic claims. The second and third charges were a direct challenge to Roman authority. Pilate would be forced to do something about them.

[23:2]  ³ tn On the use of the term διαστρέφω (diastrefw) here, see L&N 31.71 and 88.264.

[23:2]  ⁴ tn Grk “and forbidding.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated to suggest to the English reader that this and the following charge are specifics, while the previous charge was a summary one. See the note on the word “misleading” earlier in this verse.

[23:2]  ⁵ tn This was a “poll tax.” L&N 57.182 states this was “a payment made by the people of one nation to another, with the implication that this is a symbol of submission and dependence – ‘tribute tax.’”

[23:2]  ⁶ tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[23:2]  ⁷ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[23:5]  ⁸ tn Or “were adamant.” For “persisted in saying,” see L&N 68.71.

[23:5]  ⁹ sn He incites the people. The Jewish leadership claimed that Jesus was a political threat and had to be stopped. By reiterating this charge of stirring up rebellion, they pressured Pilate to act, or be accused of overlooking political threats to Rome.

[23:5]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “beginning from Galilee until here.”

[23:14]  ¹¹ tn This term also appears in v. 2.

[23:14]  ¹² tn Grk “behold, I” A transitional use of ἰδού (idou) has not been translated here.

[23:14]  ¹³ tn Grk “nothing did I find in this man by way of cause.” The reference to “nothing” is emphatic.

[23:15]  ¹⁴ sn With the statement “he has done nothing,” Pilate makes another claim that Jesus is innocent of any crime worthy of death.

[23:15]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “nothing deserving death has been done by him.” The passive construction has been translated as an active one in keeping with contemporary English style.

[11:53]  ¹⁶ tn Or “the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 5:21.

[11:53]  ¹⁷ tn Or “terribly.”

[11:53]  ¹⁸ tn For this term see L&N 33.183.

[24:5]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “For having found.” The participle εὑρόντες (Jeurontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[24:5]  ²⁰ tn L&N 22.6 has “(a figurative extension of meaning of λοιμός ‘plague,’ 23.158) one who causes all sorts of trouble – ‘troublemaker, pest.’ … ‘for we have found this man to be a troublemaker” Ac 24:5.”

[24:5]  ²¹ tn Or “dissensions.” While BDAG 940 s.v. στάσις 3 translates this phrase “κινεῖν στάσεις (v.l. στάσιν) τισί create dissension among certain people Ac 24:5,” it is better on the basis of the actual results of Paul’s ministry to categorize this usage under section 2, “uprising, riot, revolt, rebellion” (cf. the use in Acts 19:40).

[24:5]  ²² tn This term is yet another NT hapax legomenon (BDAG 894 s.v. πρωτοστάτης).

[24:5]  ²³ sn The sect of the Nazarenes is a designation for followers of Jesus the Nazarene, that is, Christians.