Discovery BoxLuke 9:1-2
Context9:1 After 1 Jesus 2 called 3 the twelve 4 together, he gave them power and authority over all demons and to cure 5 diseases, 9:2 and he sent 6 them out to proclaim 7 the kingdom of God 8 and to heal the sick. 9
Matthew 9:36--10:4
Context9:36 When 10 he saw the crowds, he had compassion on them because they were bewildered and helpless, 11 like sheep without a shepherd. 9:37 Then he said to his disciples, “The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. 9:38 Therefore ask the Lord of the harvest 12 to send out 13 workers into his harvest.”
10:1 Jesus 14 called his twelve disciples and gave them authority over unclean spirits 15 so they could cast them out and heal every kind of disease and sickness. 16 10:2 Now these are the names of the twelve apostles: 17 first, Simon 18 (called Peter), and Andrew his brother; James son of Zebedee and John his brother; 10:3 Philip and Bartholomew; 19 Thomas 20 and Matthew the tax collector; 21 James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; 22 10:4 Simon the Zealot 23 and Judas Iscariot, 24 who betrayed him. 25
Mark 3:13-19
Context3:13 Now 26 Jesus went up the mountain 27 and called for those he wanted, and they came to him. 3:14 He 28 appointed twelve (whom he named apostles 29 ), 30 so that they would be with him and he could send them to preach 3:15 and to have authority to cast out demons. 3:16 He appointed twelve: 31 To Simon 32 he gave the name Peter; 3:17 to James and his brother John, the sons of Zebedee, 33 he gave the name Boanerges (that is, “sons of thunder”); 3:18 and Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, 34 Matthew, Thomas, 35 James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, 36 Simon the Zealot, 37 3:19 and Judas Iscariot, 38 who betrayed him. 39
Mark 6:7
Context6:7 Jesus 40 called the twelve and began to send them out two by two. He gave them authority over the unclean spirits. 41
[9:1] 1 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[9:1] 2 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[9:1] 3 tn An aorist participle preceding an aorist main verb may indicate either contemporaneous (simultaneous) action (“When he called… he gave”) or antecedent (prior) action (“After he called… he gave”). The participle συγκαλεσάμενος (sunkalesameno") has been translated here as indicating antecedent action.
[9:1] 4 tc Some
[9:1] 5 sn Note how Luke distinguishes between exorcisms (authority over all demons) and diseases here.
[9:2] 6 sn “To send out” is often a term of divine commission in Luke: 1:19; 4:18, 43; 7:27; 9:48; 10:1, 16; 11:49; 13:34; 24:49.
[9:2] 8 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus. It is a realm in which Jesus rules and to which those who trust him belong. See Luke 6:20; 11:20; 17:20-21.
[9:2] 9 sn As Jesus’ own ministry (Luke 4:16-44) involved both word (to proclaim) and deed (to heal) so also would that of the disciples.
[9:36] 10 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[9:36] 11 tn Or “because they had been bewildered and helpless.” The translational issue is whether the perfect participles are predicate (as in the text) or are pluperfect periphrastic (the alternate translation). If the latter, the implication would seem to be that the crowds had been in such a state until the Great Shepherd arrived.
[9:38] 12 sn The phrase Lord of the harvest recognizes God’s sovereignty over the harvest process.
[9:38] 13 tn Grk “to thrust out.”
[10:1] 15 sn Unclean spirits refers to evil spirits.
[10:1] 16 tn Grk “and every [kind of] sickness.” Here “every” was not repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[10:2] 17 sn The term apostles is rare in the gospels, found only here, Mark 3:14, and six more times in Luke (6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10).
[10:2] 18 sn In the various lists of the twelve, Simon (that is, Peter) is always mentioned first (see also Mark 3:16-19; Luke 6:13-16; Acts 1:13) and the first four are always the same, though not in the same order after Peter.
[10:3] 19 sn Bartholomew (meaning “son of Tolmai” in Aramaic) could be another name for Nathanael mentioned in John 1:45.
[10:3] 20 sn This is the “doubting Thomas” of John 20:24-29.
[10:3] 21 sn See the note on tax collectors in 5:46.
[10:3] 22 tc Witnesses differ on the identification of the last disciple mentioned in v. 3: He is called Λεββαῖος (Lebbaio", “Lebbaeus”) in D, Judas Zelotes in it, and not present in sys. The Byzantine text, along with a few others (C[*],2 L W Θ Ë1 33 Ï), conflates earlier readings by calling him “Lebbaeus, who was called Thaddaeus,” while codex 13 pc conflate by way of transposition (“Thaddaeus, who was called Lebbaeus”). But excellent witnesses of the earliest texttypes (א B Ë13 892 pc lat co) call him merely Θαδδαῖος (Qaddaio", “Thaddaeus”), a reading which, because of this support, is most likely correct.
[10:4] 23 tn Grk “the Cananean,” but according to both BDAG 507 s.v. Καναναῖος and L&N 11.88, this term has no relation at all to the geographical terms for Cana or Canaan, but is derived from the Aramaic term for “enthusiast, zealot” (see Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13), possibly because of an earlier affiliation with the party of the Zealots. He may not have been technically a member of the particular Jewish nationalistic party known as “Zealots” (since according to some scholars this party had not been organized at that time), but simply someone who was zealous for Jewish independence from Rome, in which case the term would refer to his temperament.
[10:4] 24 sn There is some debate about what the name Iscariot means. It probably alludes to a region in Judea and thus might make Judas the only non-Galilean in the group. Several explanations for the name Iscariot have been proposed, but it is probably transliterated Hebrew with the meaning “man of Kerioth” (there are at least two villages that had that name). For further discussion see D. L. Bock, Luke (BECNT), 1:546; also D. A. Carson, John, 304.
[10:4] 25 tn Grk “who even betrayed him.”
[3:13] 26 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[3:13] 27 tn Or “up a mountain” (εἰς τὸ ὅρος, eis to Joro").
[3:14] 29 sn The term apostles is rare in the gospels, found only here and Mark 6:30, Matt 10:2, and six more times in Luke (6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10).
[3:14] 30 tc The phrase “whom he named apostles” is lacking in the majority of
[3:16] 31 tc The phrase “he appointed twelve” is lacking in the majority of manuscripts (A C2 D L Θ Ë1 33 2427 Ï lat sy bo). Some important witnesses include the phrase (א B C* Δ 565 579 pc), but perhaps the best explanation for the omission of the clause in the majority of witnesses is haplography in combination with homoioarcton: The first word of the clause in question is καί (kai), and the first word after the clause in question is also καί. And the first two letters of the second word, in each instance, are επ (ep). Early scribes most likely jumped accidentally from the first καί to the second, omitting the intervening material. Thus the clause was most likely in the original text. (See 3:14 above for a related textual problem.)
[3:16] 32 sn In the various lists of the twelve, Simon (that is, Peter) is always mentioned first (see also Matt 10:1-4; Luke 6:13-16; Acts 1:13) and the first four are always the same, though not in the same order after Peter.
[3:17] 33 tn Grk “to James, the son of Zebedee, and John, the brother of James.”
[3:18] 34 sn Bartholomew (meaning “son of Tolmai” in Aramaic) could be another name for Nathanael mentioned in John 1:45.
[3:18] 35 sn This is the “doubting Thomas” of John 20:24-29.
[3:18] 36 tc This disciple is called Λεββαῖον (Lebbaion, “Lebbaeus”) in D it; see the discussion of the parallel text in Matt 10:3 where conflation occurs among other witnesses as well.
[3:18] 37 tn Grk “the Cananean,” but according to both BDAG 507 s.v. Καναναῖος and L&N 11.88, this term has no relation at all to the geographical terms for Cana or Canaan, but is derived from the Aramaic term for “enthusiast, zealot” (see Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13), possibly because of an earlier affiliation with the party of the Zealots. He may not have been technically a member of the particular Jewish nationalistic party known as “Zealots” (since according to some scholars this party had not been organized at that time), but simply someone who was zealous for Jewish independence from Rome, in which case the term would refer to his temperament.
[3:19] 38 sn There is some debate about what the name Iscariot means. It probably alludes to a region in Judea and thus might make Judas the only non-Galilean in the group. Several explanations for the name Iscariot have been proposed, but it is probably transliterated Hebrew with the meaning “man of Kerioth” (there are at least two villages that had that name). For further discussion see D. L. Bock, Luke (BECNT), 1:546; also D. A. Carson, John, 304.
[3:19] 39 tn Grk “who even betrayed him.”
[6:7] 40 tn Grk “He”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[6:7] 41 sn The phrase unclean spirits refers to evil spirits.
