Luke 9:23

A Call to Discipleship

9:23 Then ¹  he said to them all, ²  “If anyone wants to become my follower, ³  he must deny ⁴  himself, take up his cross daily, ⁵  and follow me.

Luke 9:57-62

Challenging Professed Followers

9:57 As ⁶  they were walking ⁷  along the road, someone said to him, “I will follow you wherever you go.” ⁸  9:58 Jesus said to him, “Foxes have dens and the birds in the sky ⁹  have nests, but the Son of Man has no place to lay his head.” ¹⁰  9:59 Jesus ¹¹  said to another, “Follow me.” But he replied, ¹²  “Lord, first let me go and bury my father.” 9:60 But Jesus ¹³  said to him, “Let the dead bury their own dead, ¹⁴  but as for you, go and proclaim the kingdom of God.” ¹⁵  9:61 Yet ¹⁶  another said, “I will follow you, Lord, but first let me say goodbye to my family.” ¹⁷  9:62 Jesus ¹⁸  said to him, “No one who puts his ¹⁹  hand to the plow and looks back ²⁰  is fit for the kingdom of God.” ²¹ 

Matthew 19:21

19:21 Jesus said to him, “If you wish to be perfect, go sell your possessions and give the money ²²  to the poor, and you will have treasure ²³  in heaven. Then come, follow me.”

Matthew 19:27-28

19:27 Then Peter said ²⁴  to him, “Look, ²⁵  we have left everything to follow you! ²⁶  What then will there be for us?” 19:28 Jesus ²⁷  said to them, “I tell you the truth: ²⁸  In the age when all things are renewed, ²⁹  when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging ³⁰  the twelve tribes of Israel.

[9:23]  ¹ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[9:23]  ² sn Here them all could be limited to the disciples, since Jesus was alone with them in v. 18. It could also be that by this time the crowd had followed and found him, and he addressed them, or this could be construed as a separate occasion from the discussion with the disciples in 9:18-22. The cost of discipleship is something Jesus was willing to tell both insiders and outsiders about. The rejection he felt would also fall on his followers.

[9:23]  ³ tn Grk “to come after me.”

[9:23]  ⁴ tn This translation better expresses the force of the Greek third person imperative than the traditional “let him deny,” which could be understood as merely permissive.

[9:23]  ⁵ sn Only Luke mentions taking up one’s cross daily. To bear the cross means to accept the rejection of the world for turning to Jesus and following him. Discipleship involves a death that is like a crucifixion; see Gal 6:14.

[9:57]  ⁶ tn Grk “And as.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[9:57]  ⁷ tn Grk “going,” but “walking” is an accurate description of how they traveled about.

[9:57]  ⁸ tc Most mss (A C W Θ Ψ Ë¹³ 33 Ï) add κύριε (kurie, “Lord”) here, but scribes were prone to add to the text, especially appellations for the Lord. The shorter reading also enjoys significant ms support (Ì^45,75 א B D L Ξ Ë¹ lat co).

[9:58]  ⁹ tn Grk “the birds of the sky” or “the birds of the heaven”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated either “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context. The idiomatic expression “birds of the sky” refers to wild birds as opposed to domesticated fowl (cf. BDAG 809 s.v. πετεινόν).

[9:58]  ¹⁰ sn Jesus’ reply is simply this: Does the man understand the rejection he will be facing? Jesus has no home in the world (the Son of Man has no place to lay his head).

[9:59]  ¹¹ tn Grk “And he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[9:59]  ¹² tn Grk “said.”

[9:60]  ¹³ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:60]  ¹⁴ sn There are several options for the meaning of Jesus’ reply Leave the dead to bury their own dead: (1) Recent research suggests that burial customs in the vicinity of Jerusalem from about 20 b.c. to a.d. 70 involved a reinterment of the bones a year after the initial burial, once the flesh had rotted away. At that point the son would have placed his father’s bones in a special box known as an ossuary to be set into the wall of the tomb. Thus Jesus could well be rebuking the man for wanting to wait around for as much as a year before making a commitment to follow him. In 1st century Jewish culture, to have followed Jesus rather than burying one’s father would have seriously dishonored one’s father (cf. Tobit 4:3-4). (2) The remark is an idiom (possibly a proverbial saying) that means, “The matter in question is not the real issue,” in which case Jesus was making a wordplay on the wording of the man’s (literal) request (see L&N 33.137). (3) This remark could be a figurative reference to various kinds of people, meaning, “Let the spiritually dead bury the dead.” (4) It could also be literal and designed to shock the hearer by the surprise of the contrast. Whichever option is preferred, it is clear that the most important priority is to preach the gospel (proclaim the kingdom of God).

[9:60]  ¹⁵ sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus. It is a realm in which Jesus rules and to which those who trust him belong. See Luke 6:20; 11:20; 17:20-21.

[9:61]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “And another also said.”

[9:61]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “to those in my house.”

[9:62]  ¹⁸ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[9:62]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “the”; in context the article is used as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).

[9:62]  ²⁰ sn Jesus warns that excessive concern for family ties (looks back) will make the kingdom a lesser priority, which is not appropriate for discipleship. The image is graphic, for who can plow straight ahead toward a goal while looking back? Discipleship cannot be double-minded.

[9:62]  ²¹ sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus. It is a realm in which Jesus rules and to which those who trust him belong. See Luke 6:20; 11:20; 17:20-21.

[19:21]  ²² tn The words “the money” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[19:21]  ²³ sn The call for sacrifice comes with a promise of eternal reward: You will have treasure in heaven. Jesus’ call is a test to see how responsive the man is to God’s direction through him. Will he walk the path God’s agent calls him to walk? For a rich person who got it right, see Zacchaeus in Luke 19:1-10.

[19:27]  ²⁴ tn Grk “Then answering, Peter said.” This construction is somewhat redundant in contemporary English and has been simplified in the translation.

[19:27]  ²⁵ sn Peter wants reassurance that the disciples’ response and sacrifice have been noticed.

[19:27]  ²⁶ tn Grk “We have left everything and followed you.” Koine Greek often used paratactic structure when hypotactic was implied.

[19:28]  ²⁷ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[19:28]  ²⁸ tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”

[19:28]  ²⁹ sn The Greek term translated the age when all things are renewed (παλιγγενεσία, palingenesia) is understood as a reference to the Messianic age, the time when all things are renewed and restored (cf. Rev 21:5).

[19:28]  ³⁰ sn The statement you…will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel looks at the future authority the Twelve will have when Jesus returns. They will share in Israel’s judgment.