Matthew 5:43

Love for Enemies

5:43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor’ ¹  and ‘hate your enemy.’

Matthew 19:19

19:19 honor your father and mother, ²  and love your neighbor as yourself.” ³ 

Matthew 22:39-40

22:39 The second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ ⁴  22:40 All the law and the prophets depend ⁵  on these two commandments.”

Mark 12:31-34

12:31 The second is: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ ⁶  There is no other commandment greater than these.” 12:32 The expert in the law said to him, “That is true, Teacher; you are right to say that he is one, and there is no one else besides him. ⁷  12:33 And to love him with all your heart, with all your mind, and with all your strength ⁸  and to love your neighbor as yourself ⁹  is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.” 12:34 When Jesus saw that he had answered thoughtfully, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” Then no one dared any longer to question him.

Luke 10:27-37

10:27 The expert ¹⁰  answered, “Love ¹¹  the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind, ¹²  and love your neighbor as yourself.” ¹³  10:28 Jesus ¹⁴  said to him, “You have answered correctly; ¹⁵  do this, and you will live.”

10:29 But the expert, ¹⁶  wanting to justify ¹⁷  himself, said to Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?” 10:30 Jesus replied, ¹⁸  “A man was going down ¹⁹  from Jerusalem ²⁰  to Jericho, ²¹  and fell into the hands of robbers, who stripped him, beat ²²  him up, and went off, leaving him half dead. ²³  10:31 Now by chance ²⁴  a priest was going down that road, but ²⁵  when he saw the injured man ²⁶  he passed by ²⁷  on the other side. ²⁸  10:32 So too a Levite, when he came up to ²⁹  the place and saw him, ³⁰  passed by on the other side. 10:33 But ³¹  a Samaritan ³²  who was traveling ³³  came to where the injured man ³⁴  was, and when he saw him, he felt compassion for him. ³⁵  10:34 He ³⁶  went up to him ³⁷  and bandaged his wounds, pouring oil ³⁸  and wine on them. Then ³⁹  he put him on ⁴⁰  his own animal, ⁴¹  brought him to an inn, and took care of him. 10:35 The ⁴²  next day he took out two silver coins ⁴³  and gave them to the innkeeper, saying, ‘Take care of him, and whatever else you spend, I will repay you when I come back this way.’ ⁴⁴  10:36 Which of these three do you think became a neighbor ⁴⁵  to the man who fell into the hands of the robbers?” 10:37 The expert in religious law ⁴⁶  said, “The one who showed mercy ⁴⁷  to him.” So ⁴⁸  Jesus said to him, “Go and do ⁴⁹  the same.”

Romans 13:9

13:9 For the commandments, ⁵⁰  “Do not commit adultery, do not murder, do not steal, do not covet,” ⁵¹  (and if there is any other commandment) are summed up in this, “Love your neighbor as yourself.” ⁵² 

Galatians 5:14

5:14 For the whole law can be summed up in a single commandment, ⁵³  namely, “You must love your neighbor as yourself.” ⁵⁴ 

James 2:8

2:8 But if you fulfill the royal law as expressed in this scripture, ⁵⁵  “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” ⁵⁶  you are doing well.

[5:43]  ¹ sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.

[19:19]  ² sn A quotation from Exod 20:12-16; Deut 5:16-20.

[19:19]  ³ sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.

[22:39]  ⁴ sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.

[22:40]  ⁵ tn Grk “hang.” The verb κρεμάννυμι (kremannumi) is used here with a figurative meaning (cf. BDAG 566 s.v. 2.b).

[12:31]  ⁶ sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.

[12:32]  ⁷ sn A quotation from Deut 4:35.

[12:33]  ⁸ sn A quotation from Deut 6:5.

[12:33]  ⁹ sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.

[10:27]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “And he”; the referent (the expert in religious law, shortened here to “the expert”) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[10:27]  ¹¹ tn Grk “You will love.” The future indicative is used here with imperatival force (see ExSyn 452 and 569).

[10:27]  ¹² sn A quotation from Deut 6:5. The fourfold reference to different parts of the person says, in effect, that one should love God with all one’s being.

[10:27]  ¹³ tn This portion of the reply is a quotation from Lev 19:18. The verb is repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[10:28]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “And he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[10:28]  ¹⁵ sn Jesus commends the reply (you have answered correctly). What is assumed here, given the previous context, is that he will respond to Jesus’ message, as to love God is to respond to his Son; see v. 22.

[10:29]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “And he”; the referent (the expert in religious law, shortened here to “the expert”) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[10:29]  ¹⁷ tn Or “vindicate.”

[10:30]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “answering, said.” This is redundant in contemporary English and has been simplified to “replied.”

[10:30]  ¹⁹ sn The journey from Jerusalem to Jericho was 17 mi (27 km), descending some 1800 ft (540 m) in altitude. It was known for its danger because the road ran through areas of desert and caves where the robbers hid.

[10:30]  ²⁰ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[10:30]  ²¹ map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.

[10:30]  ²² tn Grk “and beat,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[10:30]  ²³ sn That is, in a state between life and death; severely wounded.

[10:31]  ²⁴ sn The phrase by chance adds an initial note of hope and fortune to the expectation in the story.

[10:31]  ²⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context between the priest’s expected action (helping the victim) and what he really did.

[10:31]  ²⁶ tn Grk “him”; the referent (the injured man) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[10:31]  ²⁷ sn It is not said why the priest passed by and refused to help. It is not relevant to the point of the parable that no help was given in the emergency situation.

[10:31]  ²⁸ sn The text suggests that the priest went out of his way (on the other side) not to get too close to the scene.

[10:32]  ²⁹ tn Here κατά (kata) has been translated “up to”; it could also be translated “upon.”

[10:32]  ³⁰ tn The clause containing the aorist active participle ἐλθών (elqwn) suggests that the Levite came up to the place, took a look, and then moved on.

[10:33]  ³¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context between the previous characters (considered by society to be examples of piety and religious duty) and a hated Samaritan.

[10:33]  ³² tn This is at the beginning of the clause, in emphatic position in the Greek text.

[10:33]  ³³ tn The participle ὁδεύων (Jodeuwn) has been translated as an adjectival participle (cf. NAB, NASB, TEV); it could also be taken temporally (“while he was traveling,” cf. NRSV, NIV).

[10:33]  ³⁴ tn Grk “he”; the referent (the injured man) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[10:33]  ³⁵ tn “Him” is not in the Greek text but is implied. The verb means “to feel compassion for,” and the object of the compassion is understood.

[10:34]  ³⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. Instead, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[10:34]  ³⁷ tn The words “to him” are not in the Greek text but are implied. The participle προσελθών (proselqwn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[10:34]  ³⁸ sn The ancient practice of pouring oil was designed to comfort and clean the wounds (Isa 1:6).

[10:34]  ³⁹ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative. Because of the length and complexity of this Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[10:34]  ⁴⁰ tn It is not clear whether the causative nuance of the verb included actual assistance or not (“helped him on” versus “had him get on”; see L&N 15.98), but in light of the severity of the man’s condition as described in the preceding verses, some degree of assistance was almost certainly needed.

[10:34]  ⁴¹ sn His own animal refers to a riding animal, presumably a donkey, but not specified.

[10:35]  ⁴² tn Grk “And the.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[10:35]  ⁴³ tn Grk “two denarii.”

[10:35]  ⁴⁴ tn Grk “when I come back”; the words “this way” are part of an English idiom used to translate the phrase.

[10:36]  ⁴⁵ sn Jesus reversed the question the expert in religious law asked in v. 29 to one of becoming a neighbor by loving. “Do not think about who they are, but who you are,” was his reply.

[10:37]  ⁴⁶ tn Grk “And he”; the referent (the expert in religious law) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[10:37]  ⁴⁷ sn The neighbor did not do what was required (that is why his response is called mercy) but had compassion and out of kindness went the extra step that shows love. See Mic 6:8. Note how the expert in religious law could not bring himself to admit that the example was a Samaritan, someone who would have been seen as a racial half-breed and one not worthy of respect. So Jesus makes a second point that neighbors may appear in surprising places.

[10:37]  ⁴⁸ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the concluding summary.

[10:37]  ⁴⁹ tn This recalls the verb of the earlier reply in v. 28.

[13:9]  ⁵⁰ tn Grk “For the…” (with the word “commandments” supplied for clarity). The Greek article (“the”) is used here as a substantiver to introduce the commands that are quoted from the second half of the Decalogue (ExSyn 238).

[13:9]  ⁵¹ sn A quotation from Exod 20:13-15, 17; Deut 5:17-19, 21.

[13:9]  ⁵² sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.

[5:14]  ⁵³ tn Or “can be fulfilled in one commandment.”

[5:14]  ⁵⁴ sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.

[2:8]  ⁵⁵ tn Grk “according to the scripture.”

[2:8]  ⁵⁶ sn A quotation from Lev 19:18 (also quoted in Matt 19:19; 22:39; Mark 12:31; Luke 10:27; Rom 13:9; Gal 5:14).