Numbers 24:18-19

24:18 Edom will be a possession,

Seir, ¹  his enemies, will also be a possession;

but Israel will act valiantly.

24:19 A ruler will be established from Jacob;

he will destroy the remains of the city.’” ² 

Joshua 15:21

15:21 These cities were located at the southern extremity of Judah’s tribal land near the border of Edom: ³  Kabzeel, Eder, Jagur,

Jeremiah 32:44

32:44 Fields will again be bought with silver, and deeds of purchase signed, sealed, and witnessed. This will happen in the territory of Benjamin, the villages surrounding Jerusalem, the towns in Judah, the southern hill country, the western foothills, and southern Judah. ⁴  For I will restore them to their land. ⁵  I, the Lord, affirm it!’” ⁶ 

Amos 9:12

9:12 As a result they ⁷  will conquer those left in Edom ⁸ 

and all the nations subject to my rule.” ⁹ 

The Lord, who is about to do this, is speaking!

Malachi 1:4-5

1:4 Edom ¹⁰  says, “Though we are devastated, we will once again build the ruined places.” So the Lord who rules over all ¹¹  responds, “They indeed may build, but I will overthrow. They will be known as ¹²  the land of evil, the people with whom the Lord is permanently displeased. 1:5 Your eyes will see it, and then you will say, ‘May the Lord be magnified ¹³  even beyond the border of Israel!’”

[24:18]  ¹ sn Seir is the chief mountain range of Edom (Deut 33:2), and so the reference here is to the general area of Edom.

[24:19]  ² tn Or, understanding the Hebrew word for “city” as a place name, “of Ir” (cf. NRSV, NLT).

[15:21]  ³ tn Heb “and the cities were at the end of the tribe of the sons of Judah, at the border of Edom, to the south.”

[32:44]  ⁴ tn Heb “They will buy fields with silver and write in the deed and seal [it] and have witnesses witness [it] in the land of Benjamin, in the environs of Jerusalem, in the towns in Judah, in the towns in the hill country, in the towns in the Shephelah, and in the towns in the Negev.” The long Hebrew sentence has again been restructured to better conform to contemporary English style. The indefinite “they will buy” is treated as a passive. It is followed by three infinitive absolutes which substitute for the finite verb (cf. GKC 345 §113.y) which is a common feature of the style of the book of Jeremiah.

[32:44]  ⁵ tn Or “I will reverse their fortunes.” For this idiom see the translator’s note on 29:14 and compare the usage in 29:14; 30:3, 18; 31:23.

[32:44]  ⁶ tn Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”

[9:12]  ⁷ sn They probably refers to the Israelites or to the Davidic rulers of the future.

[9:12]  ⁸ tn Heb “take possession of the remnant of Edom”; NASB, NIV, NRSV “possess the remnant of Edom.”

[9:12]  ⁹ tn Heb “nations over whom my name is proclaimed.” The Hebrew idiom indicates ownership, sometimes as a result of conquest. See 2 Sam 12:28.

[1:4]  ¹⁰ sn Edom, a “brother” nation to Israel, became almost paradigmatic of hostility toward Israel and God (see Num 20:14-21; Deut 2:8; Jer 49:7-22; Ezek 25:12-14; Amos 1:11-12; Obad 10-12).

[1:4]  ¹¹ sn The epithet Lord who rules over all occurs frequently as a divine title throughout Malachi (24 times total). This name (יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת, yÿhvah tsÿva’ot), traditionally translated “Lord of hosts” (so KJV, NAB, NASB; cf. NIV NLT “Lord Almighty”; NCV, CEV “Lord All-Powerful”), emphasizes the majestic sovereignty of the Lord, an especially important concept in the postexilic world of great human empires and rulers. For a thorough study of the divine title, see T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 123-57.

[1:4]  ¹² tn Heb “and they will call them.” The third person plural subject is indefinite; one could translate, “and people will call them.”

[1:5]  ¹³ tn Or “Great is the Lord” (so NAB; similar NIV, NRSV).