Numbers 32:34-36

32:34 The Gadites rebuilt Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer, 32:35 Atroth Shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah, 32:36 Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran as fortified cities, and constructed pens for their flocks.

Deuteronomy 3:10-17

3:10 all the cities of the plateau, all of Gilead and Bashan as far as Salecah ¹  and Edrei, ²  cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan. 3:11 Only King Og of Bashan was left of the remaining Rephaites. (It is noteworthy ³  that his sarcophagus ⁴  was made of iron. ⁵  Does it not, indeed, still remain in Rabbath ⁶  of the Ammonites? It is thirteen and a half feet ⁷  long and six feet ⁸  wide according to standard measure.) ⁹ 

Distribution of the Transjordanian Allotments

3:12 This is the land we brought under our control at that time: The territory extending from Aroer ¹⁰  by the Wadi Arnon and half the Gilead hill country with its cities I gave to the Reubenites and Gadites. ¹¹  3:13 The rest of Gilead and all of Bashan, the kingdom of Og, I gave to half the tribe of Manasseh. ¹²  (All the region of Argob, ¹³  that is, all Bashan, is called the land of Rephaim. 3:14 Jair, son of Manasseh, took all the Argob region as far as the border with the Geshurites ¹⁴  and Maacathites ¹⁵  (namely Bashan) and called it by his name, Havvoth-Jair, ¹⁶  which it retains to this very day.) 3:15 I gave Gilead to Machir. ¹⁷  3:16 To the Reubenites and Gadites I allocated the territory extending from Gilead as far as Wadi Arnon (the exact middle of the wadi was a boundary) all the way to the Wadi Jabbok, the Ammonite border. 3:17 The Arabah and the Jordan River ¹⁸  were also a border, from the sea of Chinnereth ¹⁹  to the sea of the Arabah (that is, the Salt Sea), ²⁰  beneath the watershed ²¹  of Pisgah ²²  to the east.

Joshua 13:11

13:11 Their territory also included ²³  Gilead, Geshurite and Maacathite territory, all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah –

Joshua 13:24-28

13:24 Moses assigned land to the tribe of Gad ²⁴  by its clans. 13:25 Their territory included Jazer, all the cities of Gilead, and half of Ammonite territory ²⁵  as far as Aroer near ²⁶  Rabbah. 13:26 Their territory ran ²⁷  from Heshbon to Ramath Mizpah and Betonim, and from Mahanaim to the territory of Debir. 13:27 It included the valley of Beth Haram, ²⁸  Beth Nimrah, Succoth, and Zaphon, and the rest of the realm of King Sihon of Heshbon, the area east of the Jordan to the end of the Sea of Kinnereth. ²⁹  13:28 The land allotted to the tribe of Gad by its clans included these cities and their towns. ³⁰ 

[3:10]  ¹ sn Salecah. Today this is known as Salkhad, in Jordan, about 31 mi (50 km) east of the Jordan River in the Hauran Desert.

[3:10]  ² sn Edrei. See note on this term in 3:1.

[3:11]  ³ tn Heb “Behold” (הִנֵּה, hinneh).

[3:11]  ⁴ tn The Hebrew term עֶרֶשׂ (’eres), traditionally translated “bed” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) is likely a basaltic (volcanic) stone sarcophagus of suitable size to contain the coffin of the giant Rephaite king. Its iron-like color and texture caused it to be described as an iron container. See A. Millard, “King Og’s Iron Bed: Fact or Fancy?” BR 6 (1990): 16-21, 44; cf. also NEB “his sarcophagus of basalt”; TEV, CEV “his coffin.”

[3:11]  ⁵ tn Or “of iron-colored basalt.” See note on the word “sarcophagus” earlier in this verse.

[3:11]  ⁶ sn Rabbath. This place name (usually occurring as Rabbah; 2 Sam 11:11; 12:27; Jer 49:3) refers to the ancient capital of the Ammonite kingdom, now the modern city of Amman, Jordan. The word means “great [one],” probably because of its political importance. The fact that the sarcophagus “still remain[ed]” there suggests this part of the verse is post-Mosaic, having been added as a matter of explanation for the existence of the artifact and also to verify the claim as to its size.

[3:11]  ⁷ tn Heb “nine cubits.” Assuming a length of 18 in (45 cm) for the standard cubit, this would be 13.5 ft (4.1 m) long.

[3:11]  ⁸ tn Heb “four cubits.” This would be 6 ft (1.8 m) wide.

[3:11]  ⁹ tn Heb “by the cubit of man.” This probably refers to the “short” or “regular” cubit of approximately 18 in (45 cm).

[3:12]  ¹⁰ tn The words “the territory extending” are not in the Hebrew text; they are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[3:12]  ¹¹ sn Reubenites and Gadites. By the time of Moses’ address the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh had already been granted permission to settle in the Transjordan, provided they helped the other tribes subdue the occupants of Canaan (cf. Num 32:28-42).

[3:13]  ¹² sn Half the tribe of Manasseh. The tribe of Manasseh split into clans, with half opting to settle in Bashan and the other half in Canaan (cf. Num 32:39-42; Josh 17:1-13).

[3:13]  ¹³ sn Argob. See note on this term in v. 4.

[3:14]  ¹⁴ sn Geshurites. Geshur was a city and its surrounding area somewhere northeast of Bashan (cf. Josh 12:5 ; 13:11, 13). One of David’s wives was Maacah, the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur and mother of Absalom (cf. 2 Sam 13:37; 15:8; 1 Chr 3:2).

[3:14]  ¹⁵ sn Maacathites. These were the people of a territory southwest of Mount Hermon on the Jordan River. The name probably has nothing to do with David’s wife from Geshur (see note on “Geshurites” earlier in this verse).

[3:14]  ¹⁶ sn Havvoth-Jair. The Hebrew name means “villages of Jair,” the latter being named after a son (i.e., descendant) of Manasseh who took the area by conquest.

[3:15]  ¹⁷ sn Machir was the name of another descendant of Manasseh (cf. Num 32:41; 1 Chr 7:14-19). Eastern Manasseh was thus divided between the Jairites and the Machirites.

[3:17]  ¹⁸ tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity (also in vv. 20, 25).

[3:17]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “from Chinnereth.” The words “the sea of” have been supplied in the translation as a clarification.

[3:17]  ²⁰ sn The Salt Sea is another name for the Dead Sea (cf. Gen 14:3; Josh 3:16).

[3:17]  ²¹ tn The meaning of the Hebrew term אַשְׁדֹּת (’ashdot) is unclear. It is usually translated either “slopes” (ASV, NAB, NIV) or “watershed” (NEB).

[3:17]  ²² sn Pisgah. This appears to refer to a small range of mountains, the most prominent peak of which is Mount Nebo (Num 21:20; 23:14; Deut 3:27; cf. 34:1).

[13:11]  ²³ tn The words “their territory also included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[13:24]  ²⁴ tn Heb “assigned to the tribe of Gad, to the sons of Gad.”

[13:25]  ²⁵ tn Heb “and half of the land of the sons of Ammon.”

[13:25]  ²⁶ tn Heb “in front of.”

[13:26]  ²⁷ tn The words “Their territory ran” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification.

[13:27]  ²⁸ tn Or “it included in the valley, Beth Haram.”

[13:27]  ²⁹ sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.

[13:28]  ³⁰ tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Gad by their clans, the cities and their towns.”