Discovery BoxNumbers 33:38
Context33:38 Aaron the priest ascended Mount Hor at the command 1 of the Lord, and he died there in the fortieth year after the Israelites had come out of the land of Egypt on the first day of the fifth month.
Deuteronomy 8:2-3
Context8:2 Remember the whole way by which he 2 has brought you these forty years through the desert 3 so that he might, by humbling you, test you to see if you have it within you to keep his commandments or not. 8:3 So he humbled you by making you hungry and then feeding you with unfamiliar manna. 4 He did this to teach you 5 that humankind 6 cannot live by bread 7 alone, but also by everything that comes from the Lord’s mouth. 8
Nehemiah 9:15
Context9:15 You provided bread from heaven for them in their time of hunger, and you brought forth water from the rock for them in their time of thirst. You told them to enter in order to possess the land that you had sworn 9 to give them.
Nehemiah 9:20-21
Context9:20 You imparted your good Spirit to instruct them. You did not withhold your manna from their mouths; you provided water for their thirst. 9:21 For forty years you sustained them. Even in the desert they never lacked anything. Their clothes did not wear out and their feet did not swell.
Psalms 78:24-25
Context78:24 He rained down manna for them to eat;
he gave them the grain of heaven. 10
78:25 Man ate the food of the mighty ones. 11
He sent them more than enough to eat. 12
John 6:30-58
Context6:30 So they said to him, “Then what miraculous sign will you perform, so that we may see it and believe you? What will you do? 6:31 Our ancestors 13 ate the manna in the wilderness, just as it is written, ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’” 14
6:32 Then Jesus told them, “I tell you the solemn truth, 15 it is not Moses who has given you the bread from heaven, but my Father is giving you the true bread from heaven. 6:33 For the bread of God is the one who 16 comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.” 6:34 So they said to him, “Sir, 17 give us this bread all the time!”
6:35 Jesus said to them, “I am the bread of life. The one who comes to me will never go hungry, and the one who believes in me will never be thirsty. 18 6:36 But I told you 19 that you have seen me 20 and still do not believe. 6:37 Everyone whom the Father gives me will come to me, and the one who comes to me I will never send away. 21 6:38 For I have come down from heaven not to do my own will but the will of the one who sent me. 6:39 Now this is the will of the one who sent me – that I should not lose one person of every one he has given me, but raise them all up 22 at the last day. 6:40 For this is the will of my Father – for everyone who looks on the Son and believes in him to have eternal life, and I will raise him up 23 at the last day.” 24
6:41 Then the Jews who were hostile to Jesus 25 began complaining about him because he said, “I am the bread that came down from heaven,” 6:42 and they said, “Isn’t this Jesus the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How can he now say, ‘I have come down from heaven’?” 6:43 Jesus replied, 26 “Do not complain about me to one another. 27 6:44 No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him, 28 and I will raise him up at the last day. 6:45 It is written in the prophets, ‘And they will all be taught by God.’ 29 Everyone who hears and learns from the Father 30 comes to me. 6:46 (Not that anyone has seen the Father except the one who is from God – he 31 has seen the Father.) 32 6:47 I tell you the solemn truth, 33 the one who believes 34 has eternal life. 35 6:48 I am the bread of life. 36 6:49 Your ancestors 37 ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died. 6:50 This 38 is the bread that has come down from heaven, so that a person 39 may eat from it and not die. 6:51 I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats from this bread he will live forever. The bread 40 that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.”
6:52 Then the Jews who were hostile to Jesus 41 began to argue with one another, 42 “How can this man 43 give us his flesh to eat?” 6:53 Jesus said to them, “I tell you the solemn truth, 44 unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, 45 you have no life 46 in yourselves. 6:54 The one who eats 47 my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. 48 6:55 For my flesh is true 49 food, and my blood is true 50 drink. 6:56 The one who eats 51 my flesh and drinks my blood resides in me, and I in him. 52 6:57 Just as the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so the one who consumes 53 me will live because of me. 6:58 This 54 is the bread that came down from heaven; it is not like the bread your ancestors 55 ate, but then later died. 56 The one who eats 57 this bread will live forever.”
[8:2] 2 tn Heb “the
[8:2] 3 tn Or “wilderness” (so KJV, NRSV, NLT); likewise in v. 15.
[8:3] 4 tn Heb “manna which you and your ancestors did not know.” By popular etymology the word “manna” comes from the Hebrew phrase מָן הוּא (man hu’), i.e., “What is it?” (Exod 16:15). The question remains unanswered to this very day. Elsewhere the material is said to be “white like coriander seed” with “a taste like honey cakes” (Exod 16:31; cf. Num 11:7). Modern attempts to associate it with various desert plants are unsuccessful for the text says it was a new thing and, furthermore, one that appeared and disappeared miraculously (Exod 16:21-27).
[8:3] 5 tn Heb “in order to make known to you.” In the Hebrew text this statement is subordinated to what precedes, resulting in a very long sentence in English. The translation makes this statement a separate sentence for stylistic reasons.
[8:3] 6 tn Heb “the man,” but in a generic sense, referring to the whole human race (“mankind” or “humankind”).
[8:3] 7 tn The Hebrew term may refer to “food” in a more general sense (cf. CEV).
[8:3] 8 sn Jesus quoted this text to the devil in the midst of his forty-day fast to make the point that spiritual nourishment is incomparably more important than mere physical bread (Matt 4:4; cf. Luke 4:4).
[9:15] 9 tn Heb “had lifted your hand.”
[78:24] 10 sn Manna was apparently shaped like a seed (Exod 16:31), perhaps explaining why it is here compared to grain.
[78:25] 11 sn Because of the reference to “heaven” in the preceding verse, it is likely that mighty ones refers here to the angels of heaven. The LXX translates “angels” here, as do a number of modern translations (NEB, NIV, NRSV).
[78:25] 12 tn Heb “provision he sent to them to satisfaction.”
[6:31] 13 tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”
[6:31] 14 sn A quotation from Ps 78:24 (referring to the events of Exod 16:4-36).
[6:32] 15 tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”
[6:34] 17 tn Or “Lord.” The Greek κύριος (kurios) means both “Sir” and “Lord.” In this passage it is not at all clear at this point that the crowd is acknowledging Jesus as Lord. More likely this is simply a form of polite address (“sir”).
[6:35] 18 tn Grk “the one who believes in me will not possibly thirst, ever.”
[6:36] 19 tn Grk “But I said to you.”
[6:36] 20 tc A few witnesses lack με (me, “me”; א A a b e q sys,c), while the rest of the tradition has the word (Ì66,75vid rell). It is possible that the
[6:37] 21 tn Or “drive away”; Grk “cast out.”
[6:39] 22 tn Or “resurrect them all,” or “make them all live again”; Grk “raise it up.” The word “all” is supplied to bring out the collective nature of the neuter singular pronoun αὐτό (auto) in Greek. The plural pronoun “them” is used rather than neuter singular “it” because this is clearer in English, which does not use neuter collective singulars in the same way Greek does.
[6:40] 23 tn Or “resurrect him,” or “make him live again.”
[6:40] 24 sn Notice that here the result (having eternal life and being raised up at the last day) is produced by looking on the Son and believing in him. Compare John 6:54 where the same result is produced by eating Jesus’ flesh and drinking his blood. This suggests that the phrase in 6:54 (eats my flesh and drinks my blood) is to be understood in terms of the phrase here (looks on the Son and believes in him).
[6:41] 25 tn Grk “Then the Jews.” In NT usage the term ᾿Ιουδαῖοι (Ioudaioi) may refer to the entire Jewish people, the residents of Jerusalem and surrounding territory, the authorities in Jerusalem, or merely those who were hostile to Jesus. (For further information see R. G. Bratcher, “‘The Jews’ in the Gospel of John,” BT 26 [1975]: 401-9.) Here the translation restricts the phrase to those Jews who were hostile to Jesus (cf. BDAG 479 s.v. ᾿Ιουδαῖος 2.e.β), since the “crowd” mentioned in 6:22-24 was almost all Jewish (as suggested by their addressing Jesus as “Rabbi” (6:25). Likewise, the designation “Judeans” does not fit here because the location is Galilee rather than Judea.
[6:43] 26 tn Grk “answered and said to them.”
[6:43] 27 tn Or “Do not grumble among yourselves.” The words “about me” are supplied to clarify the translation “complain to one another” (otherwise the Jewish opponents could be understood to be complaining about one another, rather than complaining to one another about Jesus).
[6:44] 28 tn Or “attracts him,” or “pulls him.” The word is used of pulling or dragging, often by force. It is even used once of magnetic attraction (A. Oepke, TDNT 2:503).
[6:45] 29 sn A quotation from Isa 54:13.
[6:45] 30 tn Or “listens to the Father and learns.”
[6:46] 32 sn This is best taken as a parenthetical note by the author. Although some would attribute these words to Jesus himself, the switch from first person in Jesus’ preceding and following remarks to third person in v. 46 suggests that the author has added a clarifying comment here.
[6:47] 33 tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”
[6:47] 34 tc Most witnesses (A C2 D Ψ Ë1,13 33 Ï lat and other versions) have “in me” (εἰς ἐμέ, eis eme) here, while the Sinaitic and Curetonian Syriac versions read “in God.” These clarifying readings are predictable variants, being motivated by the scribal tendency toward greater explicitness. That the earliest and best witnesses (Ì66,75vid א B C* L T W Θ 892 pc) lack any object is solid testimony to the shorter text’s authenticity.
[6:47] 35 tn Compare John 6:40.
[6:48] 36 tn That is, “the bread that produces (eternal) life.”
[6:49] 37 tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”
[6:50] 39 tn Grk “someone” (τις, tis).
[6:51] 40 tn Grk “And the bread.”
[6:52] 41 tn Grk “Then the Jews began to argue.” Here the translation restricts the phrase to those Jews who were hostile to Jesus (cf. BDAG 479 s.v. ᾿Ιουδαῖος 2.e.β), since the “crowd” mentioned in 6:22-24 was almost all Jewish (as suggested by their addressing Jesus as “Rabbi” (6:25). See also the note on the phrase “the Jews who were hostile to Jesus” in v. 41.
[6:52] 42 tn Grk “with one another, saying.”
[6:52] 43 tn Grk “this one,” “this person.”
[6:53] 44 tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”
[6:53] 45 sn Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood. These words are at the heart of the discourse on the Bread of Life, and have created great misunderstanding among interpreters. Anyone who is inclined toward a sacramental viewpoint will almost certainly want to take these words as a reference to the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper, or the Eucharist, because of the reference to eating and drinking. But this does not automatically follow: By anyone’s definition there must be a symbolic element to the eating which Jesus speaks of in the discourse, and once this is admitted, it is better to understand it here, as in the previous references in the passage, to a personal receiving of (or appropriation of) Christ and his work.
[6:53] 46 tn That is, “no eternal life” (as opposed to physical life).
[6:54] 47 tn Or “who chews”; Grk ὁ τρώγων (Jo trwgwn). The alternation between ἐσθίω (esqiw, “eat,” v. 53) and τρώγω (trwgw, “eats,” vv. 54, 56, 58; “consumes,” v. 57) may simply reflect a preference for one form over the other on the author’s part, rather than an attempt to express a slightly more graphic meaning. If there is a difference, however, the word used here (τρώγω) is the more graphic and vivid of the two (“gnaw” or “chew”).
[6:54] 48 sn Notice that here the result (has eternal life and I will raise him up at the last day) is produced by eating (Jesus’) flesh and drinking his blood. Compare John 6:40 where the same result is produced by “looking on the Son and believing in him.” This suggests that the phrase here (eats my flesh and drinks my blood) is to be understood by the phrase in 6:40 (looks on the Son and believes in him).
[6:56] 51 tn Or “who chews.” On the alternation between ἐσθίω (esqiw, “eat,” v. 53) and τρώγω (trwgw, “eats,” vv. 54, 56, 58; “consumes,” v. 57) see the note on “eats” in v. 54.
[6:56] 52 sn Resides in me, and I in him. Note how in John 6:54 eating Jesus’ flesh and drinking his blood produces eternal life and the promise of resurrection at the last day. Here the same process of eating Jesus’ flesh and drinking his blood leads to a relationship of mutual indwelling (resides in me, and I in him). This suggests strongly that for the author (and for Jesus) the concepts of ‘possessing eternal life’ and of ‘residing in Jesus’ are virtually interchangeable.
[6:57] 53 tn Or “who chews”; Grk “who eats.” Here the translation “consumes” is more appropriate than simply “eats,” because it is the internalization of Jesus by the individual that is in view. On the alternation between ἐσθίω (esqiw, “eat,” v. 53) and τρώγω (trwgw, “eats,” vv. 54, 56, 58; “consumes,” v. 57) see the note on “eats” in v. 54.
[6:58] 55 tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”
[6:58] 56 tn Grk “This is the bread that came down from heaven, not just like your ancestors ate and died.” The cryptic Greek expression has been filled out in the translation for clarity.
[6:58] 57 tn Or “who chews.” On the alternation between ἐσθίω (esqiw, “eat,” v. 53) and τρώγω (trwgw, “eats,” vv. 54, 56, 58; “consumes,” v. 57) see the note on “eats” in v. 54.
