Discovery BoxProverbs 2:1-9
Context2:1 My child, 2 if 3 you receive my words,
and store up 4 my commands within you,
2:2 by making 5 your ear 6 attentive to wisdom,
and 7 by turning 8 your heart 9 to understanding,
2:3 indeed, if 10 you call out for 11 discernment 12 –
raise your voice 13 for understanding –
2:4 if 14 you seek 15 it like silver, 16
and search for it 17 like hidden treasure,
2:5 then you will understand 18 how to fear the Lord, 19
and you will discover 20 knowledge 21 about God. 22
2:6 For 23 the Lord gives 24 wisdom,
and from his mouth 25 comes 26 knowledge and understanding.
2:7 He stores up 27 effective counsel 28 for the upright, 29
and is like 30 a shield 31 for those who live 32 with integrity, 33
2:8 to guard 34 the paths of the righteous 35
and to protect 36 the way of his pious ones. 37
2:9 Then you will understand 38 righteousness and justice
and equity – every 39 good 40 way. 41
Proverbs 3:18
Context3:18 She is like 42 a tree of life 43 to those who obtain her, 44
and everyone who grasps hold of her will be blessed. 45
Proverbs 3:21
Context3:21 My child, do not let them 46 escape from your sight;
safeguard sound wisdom and discretion. 47
Proverbs 4:4
Context4:4 he taught me, and he said to me:
“Let your heart lay hold of my words;
keep my commands so that 48 you will live.
Proverbs 4:6
Context4:6 Do not forsake wisdom, 49 and she will protect you;
love her, and she will guard you.
Proverbs 4:21
Context4:21 Do not let them depart 50 from your sight,
guard 51 them within your heart; 52
Proverbs 16:20
Context16:20 The one who deals wisely 53 in a matter 54 will find success, 55
and blessed 56 is the one who trusts in the Lord. 57
Proverbs 22:18
Context22:18 For it is pleasing if 58 you keep these sayings 59 within you,
and 60 they are ready on your lips. 61
Psalms 19:11
Context19:11 Yes, your servant finds moral guidance there; 62
those who obey them receive a rich reward. 63
John 14:21
Context14:21 The person who has my commandments and obeys 64 them is the one who loves me. 65 The one 66 who loves me will be loved by my Father, and I will love him and will reveal 67 myself to him.”
[2:1] 1 sn The chapter begins with an admonition to receive wisdom (1-4) and then traces the benefits: the knowledge of God and his protection (5-8), moral discernment for living (9-11), protection from evil men (12-15) and immoral women (16-19), and enablement for righteous living (20-22).
[2:1] 3 sn Verses 1-11 form one long conditional sentence in the Hebrew text: (1) the protasis (“if…”) encompasses vv. 1-4 and (2) the apodosis (“then…”) consists of two parallel panels in vv. 5-8 and vv. 9-11 both of which are introduced by the particle אָז (’az, “then”).
[2:1] 4 sn The verb “to store up” (צָפַן, tsafan; cf. NAB, NLT “treasure”) in the second colon qualifies the term “receive” (לָקַח, laqakh) in the first, just as “commands” intensifies “words.” This pattern of intensification through parallelism occurs throughout the next three verses. The verb “to store up; to treasure” is used in reference to things of value for future use, e.g., wealth, dowry for a bride. Since proverbs will be useful throughout life and not always immediately applicable, the idea of storing up the sayings is fitting. They will form the way people think which in turn will influence attitudes (W. G. Plaut, Proverbs, 43).
[2:2] 5 tn The Hiphil infinitive construct לְהַקְשִׁיב (lÿhaqshiv, “by making attentive”) functions as an epexegetical explanation of how one will receive the instruction.
[2:2] 6 sn The word “ear” is a metonymy of cause; the word is used as the instrument of hearing. But in parallelism with “heart” it indicates one aspect of the mental process of hearing and understanding. A “hearing ear” describes an obedient or responsive person (BDB 24 s.v. אֹזֶן 2).
[2:2] 7 tn The conjunction “and” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for the sake of smoothness.
[2:2] 8 tn The Hiphil imperfect (“by turning”) continues the nuance introduced by the infinitive construct in the first colon (GKC 352 §114.r). The verb נָטָה (natah) normally means “to stretch out” and only occasionally “to turn” or “to incline” one’s heart to something, as is the case here.
[2:2] 9 tn Or “mind” (the center of the will, the choice).
[2:3] 10 tn Both particles retain their individual meanings, otherwise the verse would begin with a strong adversative and be a contrast to what has been said.
[2:3] 12 sn The noun recalls the second purpose of the book (1:2). It is also cognate to the last word of 2:2, forming a transition. The two objects of the prepositions in this verse are actually personifications, as if they could be summoned.
[2:3] 13 tn Heb “give your voice”; the expression is idiomatic for raising or lifting the voice to make a sound that carries further (e.g., Jer 2:15). This deliberate expression indicates that something significant is being uttered. J. H. Greenstone says, “If it [understanding] does not come at your first call, raise your voice to a higher pitch, put forth greater efforts” (Proverbs, 17).
[2:4] 14 tn The conditional particle now reiterates the initial conditional clause of this introductory section (1-4); the apodosis will follow in v. 5.
[2:4] 15 tn The verb בָּקַשׁ (baqash) means “to search for; to seek; to investigate” (BDB 134 s.v.). This calls for the same diligence one would have in looking for silver.
[2:4] 16 sn The two similes affirm that the value placed on the object will influence the eagerness and diligence in the pursuit and development of wisdom (e.g., Job 28:9-11). The point is not only that the object sought is valuable, but that the effort will be demanding but rewarding.
[2:4] 17 sn The verb חָפַשׂ (khafas) means “to dig; to search” (BDB 344 s.v.; cf. NCV “hunt for it”). The Arabic cognate means “to dig for water.” It is used literally of Joseph searching his brothers’ sacks (Gen 44:12) and figuratively for searching the soul (Ps 64:7). This is a more emphatic word than the one used in the first colon and again emphasizes that acquiring wisdom will be demanding.
[2:5] 18 tn The verb בִּין (bin, “to perceive; to understand; to discern”) refers to ability to grasp, discern or be sensitive to what it means to fear the
[2:5] 19 tn Heb “the fear of the
[2:5] 20 tn Heb “find” (so KJV, NAB, NIV, NRSV).
[2:5] 21 tn The term דַּעַת (da’at, “knowledge”) goes beyond cognition; it is often used metonymically (cause) for obedience (effect); see, e.g., Prov 3:6, “in all your ways acknowledge him,” and BDB 395 s.v. This means that the disciple will follow God’s moral code; for to know God is to react ethically and spiritually to his will (e.g., J. H. Greenstone, Proverbs, 18).
[2:5] 22 tn Heb “knowledge of God.” The noun is an objective genitive.
[2:6] 23 tn This is a causal clause. The reason one must fear and know the
[2:6] 24 tn The verb is an imperfect tense which probably functions as a habitual imperfect describing a universal truth in the past, present and future.
[2:6] 25 sn This expression is an anthropomorphism; it indicates that the
[2:6] 26 tn The verb “comes” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity and smoothness.
[2:7] 27 tc The form is a Kethib/Qere reading. The Kethib וְצָפַן (vÿtsafan; Qal perfect + vav consecutive) is supported by the LXX and Syriac. The Qere יִצְפֹּן (yitspon; Qal imperfect) is supported by the Aramaic Targum of Prov 2:7 (the Aramaic translations of the Hebrew scriptures were called Targums) and Latin Vulgate. Internal evidence favors the imperfect; another imperfect appears in v. 6a with a similar sense. The Qere is normally preferred; the scribes are indicating that the received reading is corrupt. The Kethib reflects orthographic confusion between י (yod) and ו (vav). As in v. 6a, this Qal imperfect functions as a habitual imperfect describing a universal truth in past, present and future.
[2:7] 28 tn The noun תּוּשִׁיָּה (tushiyyah) has a two-fold range of meanings: (1) “sound wisdom” (so KJV, NRSV); “effective counsel” and (2) result (metonymy of effect): “abiding success” (BDB 444 s.v.; W. L. Holladay, Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon, 388; cf. NIV “victory”). It refers to competent wisdom and its resultant ability to achieve moral success (W. McKane, Proverbs [OTL], 80).
[2:7] 29 sn The Hebrew word translated “upright” (יָשָׁר, yashar) is one of the terms used for the righteous. It points to the right conduct of the believer – that which is right or pleasing in the eyes of God. It stresses that the life of the individual is upright, straightforward, and just. It is paralleled with “those who walk in integrity.”
[2:7] 30 tn The comparative “like” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is implied by the metaphor; it is supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity.
[2:7] 31 tn The word can be taken as in apposition explaining the subject of the first colon – the
[2:7] 32 tn Heb “walk.” The verb “to walk” (הָלַךְ, halakh) is an idiom (based upon hypocatastasis: implied comparison) for habitual manner of life (BDB 234 s.v. 3.e).
[2:7] 33 tn Heb “those who walk of integrity.” The noun תֹם (tom, “integrity”) functions as a genitive of manner.
[2:8] 34 tn The infinitive construct לִנְצֹר (lintsor, “to guard”) designates the purpose of the
[2:8] 35 tn Heb “paths of righteousness.” The word “righteousness” is a possessive genitive, signifying the ways that the righteous take.
[2:8] 36 tn The imperfect tense verb יִשְׁמֹר (yishmor, “to protect”) continues the syntactical nuance of the preceding infinitive construct of purpose.
[2:8] 37 tc The Kethib is the singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix חֲסִידוֹ (khasido) “his pious one.” The Qere reads the plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix חֲסִידָיו (khasidav) “his pious ones.” The LXX εὐλαβουμένων αὐτόν (eujlaboumenwn aujton) supports the Qere reading.
[2:9] 38 tn Heb “discern.” See preceding note on בִּין (bin) in 2:5.
[2:9] 39 tn The phrase “every good way” functions appositionally to the preceding triad of righteous attributes, further explaining and defining them.
[2:9] 40 tn Heb “every way of good.” The term טוֹב (tov, “good”) functions as an attributive genitive: “good way.”
[2:9] 41 tn Heb “track”; KJV, NIV, NRSV “path.” The noun מַעְגַּל (ma’gal) is used (1) literally of “wagon-wheel track; firm path” and (2) figuratively (as a metaphor) to describe the course of life (Pss 17:5; 23:3; 140:6; Prov 2:9, 15, 18; 4:11, 26; 5:6, 21; Isa 26:7; 59:8; see BDB 722-23 s.v. 2; KBL 2:609). It is related to the feminine noun עֲגָלָה (’agalah, “cart”) and the verb עָגַל (’agal) “to be round” (Qal) and “to roll” (Niphal). As a wagon-wheel cuts a deep track in a much traversed dirt road, so a person falls into routines and habits that reveal his moral character. In Proverbs the “paths” of the righteous are characterized by uprightness and integrity.
[3:18] 42 tn The comparative “like” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is implied by the metaphor; it is supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity.
[3:18] 43 sn The metaphor compares wisdom to the symbol of vitality and fullness of life. This might be an allusion to Gen 3:22, suggesting that what was lost as a result of the Fall may be recovered through wisdom: long and beneficial life (R. Marcus, “The Tree of Life in Proverbs,” JBL 62 [1943]: 117-20).
[3:18] 44 tn Heb “lay hold of her.”
[3:18] 45 tn The singular participle מְאֻשָּׁר (mÿ’ushar, literally, “he will be blessed”) functions as a distributive singular for a plural subject (GKC 464 §145.l): “each and everyone will be blessed.” Not recognizing this point of syntax, the BHS editors unnecessarily suggest emending this singular form to the plural.
[3:21] 46 tn The object of the verb “escape” is either (1) wisdom, knowledge, and understanding in vv. 13-20 or (2) “wisdom and discretion” in the second colon of this verse. Several English versions transpose the terms “wisdom and discretion” from the second colon into the first colon for the sake of clarity and smoothness (e.g., RSV, NRSV, NIV, TEV, CEV).
NIV takes the subject from the second colon and reverses the clauses to clarify that.
[3:21] 47 tn Or: “purpose,” “power of devising.”
[4:4] 48 tn The imperative with the vav expresses volitional sequence after the preceding imperative: “keep and then you will live,” meaning “keep so that you may live.”
[4:6] 49 tn Heb “her”; the 3rd person feminine singular referent is personified “wisdom,” which has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[4:21] 50 tn The Hiphil form יַלִּיזוּ (yallizu) follows the Aramaic with gemination. The verb means “to turn aside; to depart” (intransitive Hiphil or inner causative).
[4:21] 51 tn Or “keep” (so KJV, NIV, NRSV and many others).
[4:21] 52 sn The words “eyes” and “heart” are metonymies of subject representing the faculties of each. Cf. CEV “think about it all.”
[16:20] 53 tn Heb “he who is prudent” or “he who deals wisely” (cf. KJV). The proverb seems to be referring to wise business concerns and the reward for the righteous. One who deals wisely in a matter will find good results. R. N. Whybray sees a contrast here: “The shrewd man of business will succeed well, but the happy man is he who trusts the
[16:20] 54 tn Or “he who gives heed to a word,” that is, “who listens to instruction” (cf. NIV, NLT).
[16:20] 55 tn Heb “good” (so KJV, ASV).
[16:20] 56 tn Although traditionally this word is translated “happy” (cf. KJV, ASV, NAB, NRSV, NLT), such a translation can be misleading because the word means far more than that. It describes the heavenly bliss that comes from knowing one is right with God and following God’s precepts. The “blessed” could be at odds with the world (Ps 1:1-3).
[16:20] 57 tn Heb “and the one who trusts in the
[22:18] 58 tn Or “when” (so NIV).
[22:18] 59 tn Heb “keep them,” referring to the words of the wise expressed in these sayings. The referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[22:18] 60 tn The term “and” does not appear in the Hebrew but is supplied in the translation.
[22:18] 61 sn If the teachings are preserved in the heart/mind of the disciple, then that individual will always be ready to speak what was retained.
[19:11] 62 tn Heb “moreover your servant is warned by them.”
[19:11] 63 tn Heb “in the keeping of them [there is] a great reward.”
[14:21] 65 tn Grk “obeys them, that one is the one who loves me.”
[14:21] 66 tn Grk “And the one.” Here the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated to improve the English style.
