Psalms 119:119

119:119 You remove all the wicked of the earth like slag. ¹ 

Therefore I love your rules. ² 

Isaiah 1:22

1:22 Your ³  silver has become scum, ⁴ 

your beer is diluted with water. ⁵ 

Jeremiah 6:28-30

6:28 I reported, ⁶ 

“All of them are the most stubborn of rebels! ⁷ 

They are as hard as bronze or iron.

They go about telling lies.

They all deal corruptly.

6:29 The fiery bellows of judgment burn fiercely.

But there is too much dross to be removed. ⁸ 

The process of refining them has proved useless. ⁹ 

The wicked have not been purged.

6:30 They are regarded as ‘rejected silver’ ¹⁰ 

because the Lord rejects them.”

[119:119]  ¹ sn Traditionally “dross” (so KJV, ASV, NIV). The metaphor comes from metallurgy; “slag” is the substance left over after the metallic ore has been refined.

[119:119]  ² sn As he explains in the next verse, the psalmist’s fear of judgment motivates him to obey God’s rules.

[1:22]  ³ tn The pronoun is feminine singular; personified Jerusalem (see v. 21) is addressed.

[1:22]  ⁴ tn Or “dross.” The word refers to the scum or impurites floating on the top of melted metal.

[1:22]  ⁵ sn The metaphors of silver becoming impure and beer being watered down picture the moral and ethical degeneration that had occurred in Jerusalem.

[6:28]  ⁶ tn These words are not in the text but are supplied in the translation for clarity. Some takes these words to be the continuation of the Lord’s commission of Jeremiah to the task of testing them. However, since this is the evaluation, the task appears to be complete. The words are better to be taken as Jeremiah’s report after he has completed the task.

[6:28]  ⁷ tn Or “arch rebels,” or “hardened rebels.” Literally “rebels of rebels.”

[6:29]  ⁸ tn Heb “The bellows blow fiercely; the lead is consumed by the fire.” The translation tries to clarify a metaphor involving ancient metallurgy. In the ancient refining process lead was added as a flux to remove impurities from silver ore in the process of oxidizing the lead. Jeremiah says that the lead has been used up and the impurities have not been removed. The translation is based on the recognition of an otherwise unused verb root meaning “blow” (נָחַר [nakhar]; cf. BDB 1123 s.v. I חָרַר and HALOT 651 s.v. נָחַר) and the Masoretes’ suggestion that the consonants מאשׁתם be read מֵאֵשׁ תַּם (me’esh tam) rather than as מֵאֶשָּׁתָם (me’eshatam, “from their fire”) from an otherwise unattested noun אֶשָּׁה (’eshah).

[6:29]  ⁹ tn Heb “The refiner refines them in vain.”

[6:30]  ¹⁰ tn This translation is intended to reflect the wordplay in the Hebrew text where the same root word is repeated in the two lines.