Psalms 4:7

4:7 You make me happier ¹ 

than those who have abundant grain and wine. ² 

Psalms 104:15

104:15 as well as wine that makes people feel so good, ³ 

and so they can have oil to make their faces shine, ⁴ 

as well as food that sustains people’s lives. ⁵ 

Isaiah 24:9-11

24:9 They no longer sing and drink wine; ⁶ 

the beer tastes bitter to those who drink it.

24:10 The ruined town ⁷  is shattered;

all of the houses are shut up tight. ⁸ 

24:11 They howl in the streets because of what happened to the wine; ⁹ 

all joy turns to sorrow; ¹⁰ 

celebrations disappear from the earth. ¹¹ 

Mark 14:25

14:25 I tell you the truth, ¹²  I will no longer drink of the fruit ¹³  of the vine until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.”

Luke 22:15-18

22:15 And he said to them, “I have earnestly desired ¹⁴  to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 22:16 For I tell you, I will not eat it again ¹⁵  until it is fulfilled ¹⁶  in the kingdom of God.” ¹⁷  22:17 Then ¹⁸  he took a cup, ¹⁹  and after giving thanks he said, “Take this and divide it among yourselves. 22:18 For I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit ²⁰  of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” ²¹ 

[4:7]  ¹ tn Heb “you place joy in my heart.” Another option is to understand the perfect verbal form as indicating certitude, “you will make me happier.”

[4:7]  ² tn Heb “from (i.e., more than) the time (when) their grain and their wine are abundant.”

[104:15]  ³ tn Heb “and wine [that] makes the heart of man happy.”

[104:15]  ⁴ tn Heb “to make [the] face shine from oil.” The Hebrew verb צָהַל (tsahal, “to shine”) occurs only here in the OT. It appears to be an alternate form of צָהַר (tsahar), a derivative from צָהָרִים (tsaharim, “noon”).

[104:15]  ⁵ tn Heb “and food [that] sustains the heart of man.”

[24:9]  ⁶ tn Heb “with a song they do not drink wine.”

[24:10]  ⁷ tn Heb “the city of chaos” (so NAB, NASB, NRSV). Isaiah uses the term תֹּהוּ (tohu) rather frequently of things (like idols) that are empty and worthless (see BDB 1062 s.v.), so the word might characterize the city as rebellious or morally worthless. However, in this context, which focuses on the effects of divine judgment, it probably refers to the ruined or worthless condition in which the city is left (note the use of the word in Isa 34:11). For a discussion of the identity of this city, see R. Chisholm, “The ‘Everlasting Covenant’ and the ‘City of Chaos’: Intentional Ambiguity and Irony in Isaiah 24,” CTR 6 (1993): 237-53. In the context of universal judgment depicted in Isa 24, this city represents all the nations and cities of the world which, like Babylon of old and the powers/cities mentioned in chapters 13-23, rebel against God’s authority. Behind the stereotypical language one can detect various specific manifestations of this symbolic and paradigmatic city, including Babylon, Moab, and Jerusalem, all of which are alluded or referred to in chapters 24-27.

[24:10]  ⁸ tn Heb “every house is closed up from entering.”

[24:11]  ⁹ tn Heb “[there is] an outcry over the wine in the streets.”

[24:11]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “all joy turns to evening,” the darkness of evening symbolizing distress and sorrow.

[24:11]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the joy of the earth disappears.”

[14:25]  ¹² tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”

[14:25]  ¹³ tn Grk “the produce” (“the produce of the vine” is a figurative expression for wine).

[22:15]  ¹⁴ tn This phrase parallels a Hebrew infinitive absolute and serves to underline Jesus’ enthusiasm for holding this meal (BDF §198.6).

[22:16]  ¹⁵ tn Although the word “again” is not in the Greek text, it is supplied to indicate that Jesus did indeed partake of this Passover meal, as statements in v. 18 suggest (“from now on”). For more complete discussion see D. L. Bock, Luke (BECNT), 2:1720.

[22:16]  ¹⁶ sn Jesus looked to a celebration in the kingdom to come when the Passover is fulfilled. This reference could well suggest that some type of commemorative sacrifice and meal will be celebrated then, as the antecedent is the Passover sacrifice. The reference is not to the Lord’s supper as some argue, but the Passover.

[22:16]  ¹⁷ sn The kingdom of God here refers to the kingdom in all its power. See Luke 17:20-37.

[22:17]  ¹⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[22:17]  ¹⁹ sn Then he took a cup. Only Luke mentions two cups at this meal; the other synoptic gospels (Matt, Mark) mention only one. This is the first of the two. It probably refers to the first cup in the traditional Passover meal, which today has four cups (although it is debated whether the fourth cup was used in the 1st century).

[22:18]  ²⁰ tn Grk “the produce” (“the produce of the vine” is a figurative expression for wine).

[22:18]  ²¹ sn Until the kingdom of God comes is a reference to the kingdom in all its power. See Luke 17:20-37. Jesus awaits celebration with the arrival of full kingdom blessing.