Discovery BoxPsalms 42:3--43:2
Context42:3 I cannot eat, I weep day and night; 1
all day long they say to me, 2 “Where is your God?”
42:4 I will remember and weep! 3
For I was once walking along with the great throng to the temple of God,
shouting and giving thanks along with the crowd as we celebrated the holy festival. 4
42:5 Why are you depressed, 5 O my soul? 6
Why are you upset? 7
Wait for God!
For I will again give thanks
to my God for his saving intervention. 8
so I will pray to you while I am trapped here in the region of the upper Jordan, 10
from Hermon, 11 from Mount Mizar. 12
42:7 One deep stream calls out to another 13 at the sound of your waterfalls; 14
all your billows and waves overwhelm me. 15
42:8 By day the Lord decrees his loyal love, 16
and by night he gives me a song, 17
a prayer 18 to the living God.
42:9 I will pray 19 to God, my high ridge: 20
“Why do you ignore 21 me?
Why must I walk around mourning 22
because my enemies oppress me?”
42:10 My enemies’ taunts cut into me to the bone, 23
as they say to me all day long, “Where is your God?” 24
42:11 Why are you depressed, 25 O my soul? 26
Why are you upset? 27
Wait for God!
For I will again give thanks
to my God for his saving intervention. 28
43:1 Vindicate me, O God!
Fight for me 30 against an ungodly nation!
Deliver me 31 from deceitful and evil men! 32
43:2 For you are the God who shelters me. 33
Why do you reject me? 34
Why must I walk around 35 mourning 36
because my enemies oppress me?
Psalms 43:5
Context43:5 Why are you depressed, 37 O my soul? 38
Why are you upset? 39
Wait for God!
For I will again give thanks
to my God for his saving intervention. 40
Luke 19:41
Context19:41 Now 41 when Jesus 42 approached 43 and saw the city, he wept over it,
[42:3] 1 tn Heb “My tears have become my food day and night.”
[42:3] 2 tn Heb “when [they] say to me all the day.” The suffixed third masculine plural pronoun may have been accidentally omitted from the infinitive בֶּאֱמֹר (be’ÿmor, “when [they] say”). Note the term בְּאָמְרָם (bÿ’omram, “when they say”) in v. 10.
[42:4] 3 tn Heb “These things I will remember and I will pour out upon myself my soul.” “These things” are identified in the second half of the verse as those times when the psalmist worshiped in the
[42:4] 4 tc Heb “for I was passing by with the throng [?], I was walking with [?] them to the house of God; with a voice of a ringing shout and thanksgiving a multitude was observing a festival.” The Hebrew phrase בַּסָּךְ אֶדַּדֵּם (bassakh ’eddaddem, “with the throng [?] I was walking with [?]”) is particularly problematic. The noun סָךְ (sakh) occurs only here. If it corresponds to הָמוֹן (hamon, “multitude”) then one can propose a meaning “throng.” The present translation assumes this reading (cf. NIV, NRSV). The form אֶדַּדֵּם (“I will walk with [?]”) is also very problematic. The form can be taken as a Hitpael from דָּדָה (dadah; this verb possibly appears in Isa 38:15), but the pronominal suffix is problematic. For this reason many emend the form to ם[י]אַדִּרִ (’adirim, “nobles”) or ם-רִ[י]אַדִ (’adirim, “great,” with enclitic mem [ם]). The present translation understands the latter and takes the adjective “great” as modifying “throng.” If one emends סָךְ (sakh, “throng [?]”) to סֹךְ (sokh, “shelter”; see the Qere of Ps 27:5), then ר[י]אַדִּ (’addir) could be taken as a divine epithet, “[in the shelter of] the majestic one,” a reading which may find support in the LXX and Syriac Peshitta.
[42:5] 5 tn Heb “Why do you bow down?”
[42:5] 6 sn For poetic effect the psalmist addresses his soul, or inner self.
[42:5] 7 tn Heb “and [why] are you in turmoil upon me?” The prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) consecutive here carries on the descriptive present nuance of the preceding imperfect. See GKC 329 §111.t.
[42:5] 8 tc Heb “for again I will give him thanks, the saving acts of his face.” The verse division in the Hebrew text is incorrect. אֱלֹהַי (’elohay, “my God”) at the beginning of v. 7 belongs with the end of v. 6 (see the corresponding refrains in 42:11 and 43:5, both of which end with “my God” after “saving acts of my face”). The Hebrew term פָּנָיו (panayv, “his face”) should be emended to פְּנֵי (pÿney, “face of”). The emended text reads, “[for] the saving acts of the face of my God,” that is, the saving acts associated with God’s presence/intervention.
[42:6] 9 tn Heb “my God, upon me my soul bows down.” As noted earlier, “my God” belongs with the end of v. 6.
[42:6] 10 tn Heb “therefore I will remember you from the land of Jordan.” “Remember” is here used metonymically for prayer (see vv. 8-9). As the next line indicates, the region of the upper Jordan, where the river originates, is in view.
[42:6] 11 tc Heb “Hermons.” The plural form of the name occurs only here in the OT. Some suggest the plural refers to multiple mountain peaks (cf. NASB) or simply retain the plural in the translation (cf. NEB), but the final mem (ם) is probably dittographic (note that the next form in the text begins with the letter mem) or enclitic. At a later time it was misinterpreted as a plural marker and vocalized accordingly.
[42:6] 12 tn The Hebrew term מִצְעָר (mits’ar) is probably a proper name (“Mizar”), designating a particular mountain in the Hermon region. The name appears only here in the OT.
[42:7] 13 tn Heb “deep calls to deep.” The Hebrew noun תְּהוֹם (tÿhom) often refers to the deep sea, but here, where it is associated with Hermon, it probably refers to mountain streams. The word can be used of streams and rivers (see Deut 8:7; Ezek 31:4).
[42:7] 14 tn The noun צִנּוֹר (tsinnor, “waterfall”) occurs only here and in 2 Sam 5:8, where it apparently refers to a water shaft. The psalmist alludes to the loud rushing sound of mountain streams and cascading waterfalls. Using the poetic device of personification, he imagines the streams calling out to each other as they hear the sound of the waterfalls.
[42:7] 15 tn Heb “pass over me” (see Jonah 2:3). As he hears the sound of the rushing water, the psalmist imagines himself engulfed in the current. By implication he likens his emotional distress to such an experience.
[42:8] 16 sn The psalmist believes that the Lord has not abandoned him, but continues to extend his loyal love. To this point in the psalm, the author has used the name “God,” but now, as he mentions the divine characteristic of loyal love, he switches to the more personal divine name Yahweh (rendered in the translation as “the
[42:8] 17 tn Heb “his song [is] with me.”
[42:8] 18 tc A few medieval Hebrew
[42:9] 19 tn The cohortative form indicates the psalmist’s resolve.
[42:9] 20 tn This metaphor pictures God as a rocky, relatively inaccessible summit, where one would be able to find protection from enemies. See 1 Sam 23:25, 28; Pss 18:2; 31:3.
[42:9] 22 sn Walk around mourning. See Ps 38:6 for a similar idea.
[42:10] 23 tc Heb “with a shattering in my bones my enemies taunt me.” A few medieval Hebrew
[42:10] 24 sn “Where is your God?” The enemies ask this same question in v. 3.
[42:11] 25 tn Heb “Why do you bow down?”
[42:11] 26 sn For poetic effect the psalmist addresses his soul, or inner self.
[42:11] 27 tn Heb “and why are you in turmoil upon me?”
[42:11] 28 tc Heb “for again I will give him thanks, the saving acts of my face and my God.” The last line should be emended to read יְשׁוּעֹת פְנֵי אֱלֹהָי (yÿshu’ot fÿney ’elohay, “[for] the saving acts of the face of my God”), that is, the saving acts associated with God’s presence/intervention. This refrain is almost identical to the one in v. 5. See also Ps 43:5.
[43:1] 29 sn Psalm 43. Many medieval Hebrew
[43:1] 30 tn Or “argue my case.”
[43:1] 31 tn The imperfect here expresses a request or wish. Note the imperatives in the first half of the verse. See also v. 3.
[43:1] 32 tn Heb “from the deceitful and evil man.” The Hebrew text uses the singular form “man” in a collective sense, as the reference to a “nation” in the parallel line indicates.
[43:2] 33 tn Heb “God of my place of refuge,” that is, “God who is my place of refuge.” See Ps 31:4.
[43:2] 34 tn The question is similar to that of Ps 42:9, but זָנַח (zanakh, “reject”) is a stronger verb than שָׁכַח (shakhakh, “forget”).
[43:2] 35 tn The language is similar to that of Ps 42:9, but the Hitpael form of the verb הָלַךְ (halakh; as opposed to the Qal form in 42:9) expresses more forcefully the continuing nature of the psalmist’s distress.
[43:2] 36 sn Walk around mourning. See Ps 38:6 for a similar statement.
[43:5] 37 tn Heb “Why do you bow down?”
[43:5] 38 sn For poetic effect the psalmist addresses his soul, or inner self.
[43:5] 39 tn Heb “and why are you in turmoil upon me?”
[43:5] 40 tc Heb “for again I will give him thanks, the saving acts of my face and my God.” The last line should be emended to read יְשׁוּעֹת פְנֵי אֱלֹהָי (yÿshu’ot fÿney ’elohay, “[for] the saving acts of the face of my God,” that is, the saving acts associated with God’s presence/intervention. This refrain is identical to the one in Ps 42:11. See also 42:5, which differs only slightly.
[19:41] 41 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[19:41] 43 sn When Jesus approached and saw the city. This is the last travel note in Luke’s account (the so-called Jerusalem journey), as Jesus approached and saw the city before entering it.
