Psalms 107:25-29

107:25 He gave the order for a windstorm, ¹ 

and it stirred up the waves of the sea. ² 

107:26 They ³  reached up to the sky,

then dropped into the depths.

The sailors’ strength ⁴  left them ⁵  because the danger was so great. ⁶ 

107:27 They swayed ⁷  and staggered like a drunk,

and all their skill proved ineffective. ⁸ 

107:28 They cried out to the Lord in their distress;

he delivered them from their troubles.

107:29 He calmed the storm, ⁹ 

and the waves ¹⁰  grew silent.

Exodus 10:13

10:13 So Moses extended his staff over the land of Egypt, and then the Lord ¹¹  brought ¹²  an east wind on the land all that day and all night. ¹³  The morning came, ¹⁴  and the east wind had brought up ¹⁵  the locusts!

Exodus 10:19

10:19 and the Lord turned a very strong west wind, ¹⁶  and it picked up the locusts and blew them into the Red Sea. ¹⁷  Not one locust remained in all the territory of Egypt.

Exodus 14:21

14:21 Moses stretched out his hand toward the sea, and the Lord drove the sea apart ¹⁸  by a strong east wind all that night, and he made the sea into dry land, and the water was divided.

Amos 4:13

4:13 For here he is!

He ¹⁹  formed the mountains and created the wind.

He reveals ²⁰  his plans ²¹  to men.

He turns the dawn into darkness ²² 

and marches on the heights of the earth.

The Lord, the God who commands armies, ²³  is his name!”

Jonah 1:4

1:4 But ²⁴  the Lord hurled ²⁵  a powerful ²⁶  wind on the sea. Such a violent ²⁷  tempest arose on the sea that ²⁸  the ship threatened to break up! ²⁹ 

Matthew 8:24-27

8:24 And a great storm developed on the sea so that the waves began to swamp the boat. But he was asleep. 8:25 So they came ³⁰  and woke him up saying, “Lord, save us! We are about to die!” 8:26 But ³¹  he said to them, “Why are you cowardly, you people of little faith?” Then he got up and rebuked ³²  the winds and the sea, ³³  and it was dead calm. 8:27 And the men ³⁴  were amazed and said, ³⁵  “What sort of person is this? Even the winds and the sea obey him!” ³⁶ 

[107:25]  ¹ tn Heb “he spoke and caused to stand a stormy wind.”

[107:25]  ² tn Heb “and it stirred up its [i.e., the sea’s, see v. 23] waves.”

[107:26]  ³ tn That is, the waves (see v. 25).

[107:26]  ⁴ tn Heb “their being”; traditionally “their soul” (referring to that of the sailors). This is sometimes translated “courage” (cf. NIV, NRSV).

[107:26]  ⁵ tn Or “melted.”

[107:26]  ⁶ tn Heb “from danger.”

[107:27]  ⁷ tn Only here does the Hebrew verb חָגַג (khagag; normally meaning “to celebrate”) carry the nuance “to sway.”

[107:27]  ⁸ tn The Hitpael of בָלַע (vala’) occurs only here in the OT. Traditionally the form is derived from the verbal root בלע (“to swallow”), but HALOT 135 s.v. III בלע understands a homonym here with the meaning “to be confused.”

[107:29]  ⁹ tn Heb “he raised [the] storm to calm.”

[107:29]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “their waves.” The antecedent of the third masculine plural pronominal suffix is not readily apparent, unless it refers back to “waters” in v. 23.

[10:13]  ¹¹ tn The clause begins וַיהוָה (va’adonay [vayhvah], “Now Yahweh….”). In contrast to a normal sequence, this beginning focuses attention on Yahweh as the subject of the verb.

[10:13]  ¹² tn The verb נָהַג (nahag) means “drive, conduct.” It is elsewhere used for driving sheep, leading armies, or leading in processions.

[10:13]  ¹³ tn Heb “and all the night.”

[10:13]  ¹⁴ tn The text does not here use ordinary circumstantial clause constructions; rather, Heb “the morning was, and the east wind carried the locusts.” It clearly means “when it was morning,” but the style chosen gives a more abrupt beginning to the plague, as if the reader is in the experience – and at morning, the locusts are there!

[10:13]  ¹⁵ tn The verb here is a past perfect, indicting that the locusts had arrived before the day came.

[10:19]  ¹⁶ tn Or perhaps “sea wind,” i.e., a wind off the Mediterranean.

[10:19]  ¹⁷ tn The Hebrew name here is יַם־סוּף (Yam Suf), sometimes rendered “Reed Sea” or “Sea of Reeds.” The word סוּף is a collective noun that may have derived from an Egyptian name for papyrus reeds. Many English versions have used “Red Sea,” which translates the name that ancient Greeks used: ejruqrav qalavssa (eruqra qalassa).

[14:21]  ¹⁸ tn Or “drove the sea back” (NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV). The verb is simply the Hiphil of הָלַךְ (halakh, “to walk, go”). The context requires that it be interpreted along the lines of “go back, go apart.”

[4:13]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “For look, the one who.” This verse is considered to be the first hymnic passage in the book. The others appear at 5:8-9 and 9:5-6. Scholars debate whether these verses were originally part of a single hymn or three distinct pieces deliberately placed in each context for particular effect.

[4:13]  ²⁰ tn Or “declares” (NAB, NASB).

[4:13]  ²¹ tn Or “his thoughts.” The translation assumes that the pronominal suffix refers to God and that divine self-revelation is in view (see 3:7). If the suffix refers to the following term אָדַם (’adam, “men”), then the expression refers to God’s ability to read men’s minds.

[4:13]  ²² tn Heb “he who makes dawn, darkness.” The meaning of the statement is unclear. The present translation assumes that allusion is made to God’s approaching judgment, when the light of day will be turned to darkness (see 5:20). Other options include: (1) “He makes the dawn [and] the darkness.” A few Hebrew mss, as well as the LXX, add the conjunction (“and”) between the two nouns. (2) “He turns darkness into glimmering dawn” (NJPS). See S. M. Paul (Amos [Hermeneia], 154), who takes שָׁחַר (shakhar) as “blackness” rather than “dawn” and עֵיפָה (’efah) as “glimmering dawn” rather than “darkness.”

[4:13]  ²³ tn Traditionally, “God of hosts.”

[1:4]  ²⁴ tn The disjunctive construction of vav + nonverb followed by a nonpreterite marks a strong contrast in the narrative action (וַיהוָה הֵטִיל, vayhvah hetil; “But the Lord hurled…”).

[1:4]  ²⁵ tn The Hiphil of טוּל (tul, “to hurl”) is used here and several times in this episode for rhetorical emphasis (see vv. 5 and 15).

[1:4]  ²⁶ tn Heb “great.” Typically English versions vary the adjective here and before “tempest” to avoid redundancy: e.g., KJV, ASV, NRSV “great...mighty”; NAB “violent…furious”; NIV “great…violent”; NLT “powerful…violent.”

[1:4]  ²⁷ tn Heb “great.”

[1:4]  ²⁸ tn The nonconsecutive construction of vav + nonverb followed by nonpreterite is used to emphasize this result clause (וְהָאֳנִיָּה חִשְּׁבָה לְהִשָׁבֵר, vÿha’oniyyah khishvah lÿhishaver; “that the ship threatened to break up”).

[1:4]  ²⁹ tn Heb “the ship seriously considered breaking apart.” The use of חָשַׁב (khashav, “think”) in the Piel (“to think about; to seriously consider”) personifies the ship to emphasize the ferocity of the storm. The lexicons render the clause idiomatically: “the ship was about to be broken up” (BDB 363 s.v. חָשַׁב 2; HALOT 360 s.v. חשׁב).

[8:25]  ³⁰ tn The participle προσελθόντες (proselqonte") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[8:26]  ³¹ tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[8:26]  ³² tn Or “commanded” (often with the implication of a threat, L&N 33.331).

[8:26]  ³³ sn Who has authority over the seas and winds is discussed in the OT: Ps 104:3; 135:7; 107:23-30. When Jesus rebuked the winds and the sea he was making a statement about who he was.

[8:27]  ³⁴ tn It is difficult to know whether ἄνθρωποι (anqrwpoi) should be translated as “men” or “people” (in a generic sense) here. At issue is whether (1) only the Twelve were with Jesus in the boat, as opposed to other disciples (cf. v. 23), and (2) whether any of those other disciples would have been women. The issue is complicated further by the parallel in Mark (4:35-41), where the author writes (4:36) that other boats accompanied them on this journey.

[8:27]  ³⁵ tn Grk “the men were amazed, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) has been translated as a finite verb to make the sequence of events clear in English.

[8:27]  ³⁶ sn Jesus’ authority over creation raised a question for the disciples about his identity (What sort of person is this?). This verse shows that the disciples followed Jesus even though they did not know all about him yet.