Psalms 2:8

2:8 Ask me,

and I will give you the nations as your inheritance, ¹ 

the ends of the earth as your personal property.

Psalms 72:8-11

72:8 May he rule ²  from sea to sea, ³ 

and from the Euphrates River ⁴  to the ends of the earth!

72:9 Before him the coastlands ⁵  will bow down,

and his enemies will lick the dust. ⁶ 

72:10 The kings of Tarshish ⁷  and the coastlands will offer gifts;

the kings of Sheba ⁸  and Seba ⁹  will bring tribute.

72:11 All kings will bow down to him;

all nations will serve him.

Psalms 80:11

80:11 Its branches reached the Mediterranean Sea, ¹⁰ 

and its shoots the Euphrates River. ¹¹ 

Psalms 80:1

Psalm 80 ¹² 

For the music director; according to the shushan-eduth style; ¹³  a psalm of Asaph.

80:1 O shepherd of Israel, pay attention,

you who lead Joseph like a flock of sheep!

You who sit enthroned above the winged angels, ¹⁴  reveal your splendor! ¹⁵ 

Psalms 4:1

Psalm 4 ¹⁶ 

For the music director, to be accompanied by stringed instruments; a psalm of David.

4:1 When I call out, answer me,

O God who vindicates me! ¹⁷ 

Though I am hemmed in, you will lead me into a wide, open place. ¹⁸ 

Have mercy on me ¹⁹  and respond to ²⁰  my prayer!

Revelation 11:15

The Seventh Trumpet

11:15 Then ²¹  the seventh angel blew his trumpet, and there were loud voices in heaven saying:

“The kingdom of the world

has become the kingdom of our Lord

and of his Christ, ²² 

and he will reign for ever and ever.”

[2:8]  ¹ sn I will give you the nations. The Lord promises the Davidic king universal dominion.

[72:8]  ² tn The prefixed verbal form is a (shortened) jussive form, indicating this is a prayer of blessing.

[72:8]  ³ sn From sea to sea. This may mean from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Dead Sea in the east. See Amos 8:12. The language of this and the following line also appears in Zech 9:10.

[72:8]  ⁴ tn Heb “the river,” a reference to the Euphrates.

[72:9]  ⁵ tn Or “islands.” The term here refers metonymically to those people who dwell in these regions.

[72:9]  ⁶ sn As they bow down before him, it will appear that his enemies are licking the dust.

[72:10]  ⁷ sn Tarshish was a distant western port, the precise location of which is uncertain.

[72:10]  ⁸ sn Sheba was located in Arabia.

[72:10]  ⁹ sn Seba was located in Africa.

[80:11]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “to [the] sea.” The “sea” refers here to the Mediterranean Sea.

[80:11]  ¹¹ tn Heb “to [the] river.” The “river” is the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia. Israel expanded both to the west and to the east.

[80:1]  ¹² sn Psalm 80. The psalmist laments Israel’s demise and asks the Lord to show favor toward his people, as he did in earlier times.

[80:1]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew expression shushan-eduth means “lily of the testimony.” It may refer to a particular music style or to a tune title. See the superscription to Ps 60.

[80:1]  ¹⁴ sn Winged angels (Heb “cherubs”). Cherubs, as depicted in the OT, possess both human and animal (lion, ox, and eagle) characteristics (see Ezek 1:10; 10:14, 21; 41:18). They are pictured as winged creatures (Exod 25:20; 37:9; 1 Kgs 6:24-27; Ezek 10:8, 19) and serve as the very throne of God when the ark of the covenant is in view (Ps 99:1; see Num 7:89; 1 Sam 4:4; 2 Sam 6:2; 2 Kgs 19:15). The picture of the Lord seated on the cherubs suggests they might be used by him as a vehicle, a function they carry out in Ezek 1:22-28 (the “living creatures” mentioned here are identified as cherubs in Ezek 10:20). In Ps 18:10 the image of a cherub serves to personify the wind.

[80:1]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “shine forth.”

[4:1]  ¹⁶ sn Psalm 4. The psalmist asks God to hear his prayer, expresses his confidence that the Lord will intervene, and urges his enemies to change their ways and place their trust in God. He concludes with another prayer for divine intervention and again affirms his absolute confidence in God’s protection.

[4:1]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “God of my righteousness.”

[4:1]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “in distress (or “a narrow place”) you make (a place) large for me.” The function of the Hebrew perfect verbal form here is uncertain. The translation above assumes that the psalmist is expressing his certitude and confidence that God will intervene. The psalmist is so confident of God’s positive response to his prayer, he can describe God’s deliverance as if it had already happened. Such confidence is consistent with the mood of the psalm (vv. 3, 8). Another option is to take the perfects as precative, expressing a wish or request (“lead me”). See IBHS 494-95 §30.5.4c, d. However, not all grammarians are convinced that the perfect is used as a precative in biblical Hebrew.

[4:1]  ¹⁹ tn Or “show me favor.”

[4:1]  ²⁰ tn Heb “hear.”

[11:15]  ²¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[11:15]  ²² tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”