Psalms 72:18

72:18 The Lord God, the God of Israel, deserves praise! ¹ 

He alone accomplishes amazing things! ² 

Psalms 72:2

72:2 Then he will judge ³  your people fairly,

and your oppressed ones ⁴  equitably.

Psalms 23:3

23:3 He restores my strength. ⁵ 

He leads me down ⁶  the right paths ⁷ 

for the sake of his reputation. ⁸ 

Acts 13:17

13:17 The God of this people Israel ⁹  chose our ancestors ¹⁰  and made the people great ¹¹  during their stay as foreigners ¹²  in the country ¹³  of Egypt, and with uplifted arm ¹⁴  he led them out of it.

Acts 13:23

13:23 From the descendants ¹⁵  of this man ¹⁶  God brought to Israel a Savior, Jesus, just as he promised. ¹⁷ 

[72:18]  ¹ tn Heb “[be] blessed.” See Pss 18:46; 28:6; 31:21; 41:13.

[72:18]  ² tn Heb “[the] one who does amazing things by himself.”

[72:2]  ³ tn The prefixed verbal form appears to be an imperfect, not a jussive.

[72:2]  ⁴ sn These people are called God’s oppressed ones because he is their defender (see Pss 9:12, 18; 10:12; 12:5).

[23:3]  ⁵ tn The appearance of the Hebrew term נַפְשִׁי (nafshi), traditionally translated “my soul,” might suggest a spiritualized interpretation for the first line of v. 3. However, at the surface level of the shepherd/sheep metaphor, this is unlikely. When it occurs with a pronominal suffix נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) is often equivalent to a pronoun, especially in poetry (see BDB 660 s.v. 4 נֶפֶשׁ.a). In this context, where the statement most naturally refers to the physical provision just described, the form is best translated simply “me.” The accompanying verb (a Polel form [factitive use] of שׁוּב [shuv]), if referring to the physical provision just described, carries the nuance “refresh, restore strength.”

[23:3]  ⁶ tn The imperfect verbal forms in v. 3 (יְשׁוֹבֵב [yÿshovev] and יַנְחֵנִי [yakheniy]), like those in vv. 1-2, highlight what is typical of the shepherd/sheep relationship.

[23:3]  ⁷ tn The attributive genitive צֶדֶק (tsedeq) is traditionally translated “righteousness” here, as if designating a moral or ethical quality. But this seems unlikely, for it modifies מַעְגְּלֵי (ma’ggÿley, “paths”). Within the shepherd/sheep metaphor, the phrase likely refers to “right” or “correct” paths, i.e. ones that lead to pastures, wells, or the fold. While צֶדֶק usually does carry a moral or ethical nuance, it can occasionally refer to less abstract things, such as weights and offerings. In this context, which emphasizes divine provision and protection, the underlying reality is probably God’s providential guidance. The psalmist is confident that God takes him down paths that will ultimately lead to something beneficial, not destructive.

[23:3]  ⁸ tn The Hebrew term שֶׁם (shem, “name”) refers here to the shepherd’s reputation. (The English term “name” is often used the same way.) The statement לְמַעַן שְׁמוֹ (lÿma’an shÿmo, “for the sake of his name”) makes excellent sense within the framework of the shepherd/sheep metaphor. Shepherds, who sometimes hired out their services, were undoubtedly concerned about their vocational reputation. To maintain their reputation as competent shepherds, they had to know the “lay of the land” and make sure they led the sheep down the right paths to the proper destinations. The underlying reality is a profound theological truth: God must look out for the best interests of the one he has promised to protect, because if he fails to do so, his faithfulness could legitimately be called into question and his reputation damaged.

[13:17]  ⁹ tn Or “people of Israel.”

[13:17]  ¹⁰ tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”

[13:17]  ¹¹ tn That is, in both numbers and in power. The implication of greatness in both numbers and in power is found in BDAG 1046 s.v. ὑψόω 2.

[13:17]  ¹² tn Or “as resident aliens.”

[13:17]  ¹³ tn Or “land.”

[13:17]  ¹⁴ sn Here uplifted arm is a metaphor for God’s power by which he delivered the Israelites from Egypt. See Exod 6:1, 6; 32:11; Deut 3:24; 4:34; Ps 136:11-12.

[13:23]  ¹⁵ tn Or “From the offspring”; Grk “From the seed.”

[13:23]  ¹⁶ sn The phrase this man is in emphatic position in the Greek text.

[13:23]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “according to [his] promise.” The comparative clause “just as he promised” is less awkward in English.