Psalms 78:43

78:43 when he performed his awesome deeds ¹  in Egypt,

and his acts of judgment ²  in the region of Zoan.

Genesis 32:3

32:3 Jacob sent messengers on ahead ³  to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the region ⁴  of Edom.

Numbers 13:22

13:22 When they went up through the Negev, they ⁵  came ⁶  to Hebron where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, ⁷  descendants of Anak, were living. (Now Hebron had been built seven years before Zoan ⁸  in Egypt.)

Isaiah 19:11

19:11 The officials of Zoan are nothing but fools; ⁹ 

Pharaoh’s wise advisers give stupid advice.

How dare you say to Pharaoh,

“I am one of the sages,

one well-versed in the writings of the ancient kings?” ¹⁰ 

Isaiah 19:13

19:13 The officials of Zoan are fools,

the officials of Memphis ¹¹  are misled;

the rulers ¹²  of her tribes lead Egypt astray.

Ezekiel 30:14

30:14 I will desolate Pathros,

I will ignite a fire in Zoan,

and I will execute judgments on Thebes.

[78:43]  ¹ tn Or “signs” (see Ps 65:8).

[78:43]  ² tn Or “portents, omens” (see Ps 71:7). The Egyptian plagues are referred to here (see vv. 44-51).

[32:3]  ³ tn Heb “before him.”

[32:3]  ⁴ tn Heb “field.”

[13:22]  ⁵ tc The MT has the singular, but the ancient versions and Smr have the plural.

[13:22]  ⁶ tn The preterite with vav (ו) consecutive is here subordinated to the following clause. The first verse gave the account of their journey over the whole land; this section focuses on what happened in the area of Hebron, which would be the basis for the false report.

[13:22]  ⁷ sn These names are thought to be three clans that were in the Hebron area (see Josh 15:14; Judg 1:20). To call them descendants of Anak is usually taken to mean that they were large or tall people (2 Sam 21:18-22). They were ultimately driven out by Caleb.

[13:22]  ⁸ sn The text now provides a brief historical aside for the readers. Zoan was probably the city of Tanis, although that is disputed today by some scholars. It was known in Egypt in the New Kingdom as “the fields of Tanis,” which corresponded to the “fields of Zoar” in the Hebrew Bible (Ps 78:12, 43).

[19:11]  ⁹ tn Or “certainly the officials of Zoan are fools.” אַךְ (’akh) can carry the sense, “only, nothing but,” or “certainly, surely.”

[19:11]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “A son of wise men am I, a son of ancient kings.” The term בֶּן (ben, “son of”) could refer to literal descent, but many understand the word, at least in the first line, in its idiomatic sense of “member [of a guild].” See HALOT 138 s.v. בֶּן and J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:371. If this is the case, then one can take the word in a figurative sense in the second line as well, the “son of ancient kings” being one devoted to their memory as preserved in their literature.

[19:13]  ¹¹ tn Heb “Noph” (so KJV); most recent English versions substitute the more familiar “Memphis.”

[19:13]  ¹² tn Heb “the cornerstone.” The singular form should be emended to a plural.