Revelation 1:20

1:20 The mystery of the seven stars that you saw in my right hand and the seven golden lampstands is this: ¹  The seven stars are the angels ²  of the seven churches and the seven lampstands are the seven churches.

Revelation 6:13

6:13 and the stars in the sky ³  fell to the earth like a fig tree dropping ⁴  its unripe figs ⁵  when shaken by a fierce ⁶  wind.

Revelation 9:1

9:1 Then ⁷  the fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star that had fallen from the sky ⁸  to the earth, and he was given the key to the shaft of the abyss. ⁹ 

Revelation 12:4

12:4 Now ¹⁰  the dragon’s ¹¹  tail swept away a third of the stars in heaven and hurled them to the earth. Then ¹²  the dragon stood before the woman who was about to give birth, so that he might devour her child as soon as it was born.

Isaiah 14:12

14:12 Look how you have fallen from the sky,

O shining one, son of the dawn! ¹³ 

You have been cut down to the ground,

O conqueror ¹⁴  of the nations! ¹⁵ 

Luke 10:18

10:18 So ¹⁶  he said to them, “I saw ¹⁷  Satan fall ¹⁸  like lightning ¹⁹  from heaven.

Jude 1:13

1:13 wild sea waves, ²⁰  spewing out the foam of ²¹  their shame; ²²  wayward stars ²³  for whom the utter depths of eternal darkness ²⁴  have been reserved.

[1:20]  ¹ tn The words “is this” are supplied to make a complete sentence in English.

[1:20]  ² tn Or perhaps “the messengers.”

[6:13]  ³ tn Or “in heaven” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”). The genitive τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (tou ouranou) is taken as a genitive of place.

[6:13]  ⁴ tn Grk “throws [off]”; the indicative verb has been translated as a participle due to English style.

[6:13]  ⁵ tn L&N 3.37 states, “a fig produced late in the summer season (and often falling off before it ripens) – ‘late fig.’ ὡς συκὴ βάλλει τοὺς ὀλύνθους αὐτῆς ὑπὸ ἀνέμου μεγάλου σειομένη ‘as the fig tree sheds its late figs when shaken by a great wind’ Re 6:13. In the only context in which ὄλυνθος occurs in the NT (Re 6:13), one may employ an expression such as ‘unripe fig’ or ‘fig which ripens late.’”

[6:13]  ⁶ tn Grk “great wind.”

[9:1]  ⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[9:1]  ⁸ tn Or “from heaven” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).

[9:1]  ⁹ tn On this term BDAG 2 s.v. ἄβυσσος 2 states, “netherworld, abyss, esp. the abode of the dead Ro 10:7 (Ps 106:26) and of demons Lk 8:31; dungeon where the devil is kept Rv 20:3; abode of the θηρίον, the Antichrist 11:7; 17:8; of ᾿Αβαδδών (q.v.), the angel of the underworld 9:11…φρέαρ τῆς ἀ. 9:1f; capable of being sealed 9:1; 20:1, 3.”

[12:4]  ¹⁰ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate that this remark is virtually parenthetical.

[12:4]  ¹¹ tn Grk “its”; the referent (the dragon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[12:4]  ¹² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[14:12]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew text has הֵילֵל בֶּן־שָׁחַר (helel ben-shakhar, “Helel son of Shachar”), which is probably a name for the morning star (Venus) or the crescent moon. See HALOT 245 s.v. הֵילֵל.

[14:12]  ¹⁴ tn Some understand the verb to from חָלַשׁ (khalash, “to weaken”), but HALOT 324 s.v. II חלשׁ proposes a homonym here, meaning “to defeat.”

[14:12]  ¹⁵ sn In this line the taunting kings hint at the literal identity of the king, after likening him to the god Helel and a tree. The verb גָדַע (gada’, “cut down”) is used of chopping down trees in 9:10 and 10:33.

[10:18]  ¹⁶ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate that Jesus’ reply in vv. 18-20 follows from the positive report of the messengers in v. 17.

[10:18]  ¹⁷ tn This is an imperfect tense verb.

[10:18]  ¹⁸ tn In Greek, this is a participle and comes at the end of the verse, making it somewhat emphatic.

[10:18]  ¹⁹ tn This is probably best taken as allusion to Isa 14:12; the phrase in common is ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (ek tou ouranou). These exorcisms in Jesus’ name are a picture of Satan’s greater defeat at Jesus’ hands (D. L. Bock, Luke [BECNT], 2:1006-7).

[1:13]  ²⁰ tn Grk “wild waves of the sea.”

[1:13]  ²¹ tn Grk “foaming, causing to foam.” The verb form is intensive and causative. BDAG 360 s.v. ἐπαφρίζω suggests the meaning “to cause to splash up like froth, cause to foam,” or, in this context, “waves casting up their own shameless deeds like (dirty) foam.”

[1:13]  ²² tn Grk “shames, shameful things.” It is uncertain whether shameful deeds or shameful words are in view. Either way, the picture has taken a decided turn: Though waterless clouds and fruitless trees may promise good things, but deliver nothing, wild sea-waves are portents of filth spewed forth from the belly of the sea.

[1:13]  ²³ sn The imagery of a star seems to fit the nautical theme that Jude is developing. Stars were of course the guides to sailors at night, just as teachers are responsible to lead the flock through a benighted world. But false teachers, as wayward stars, are not fixed and hence offer unreliable, even disastrous guidance. They are thus both the dangerous reefs on which the ships could be destroyed and the false guides, leading them into these rocks. There is a special irony that these lights will be snuffed out, reserved for the darkest depths of eternal darkness.

[1:13]  ²⁴ tn Grk “utter darkness of darkness for eternity.” See note on the word “utter” in v. 6.