Zechariah 14:2-3

14:2 For I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem ¹  to wage war; the city will be taken, its houses plundered, and the women raped. Then half of the city will go into exile, but the remainder of the people will not be taken away. ² 

14:3 Then the Lord will go to battle ³  and fight against those nations, just as he fought battles in ancient days. ⁴ 

Micah 4:11-13

4:11 Many nations have now assembled against you.

They say, “Jerusalem must be desecrated, ⁵ 

so we can gloat over Zion!” ⁶ 

4:12 But they do not know what the Lord is planning;

they do not understand his strategy.

He has gathered them like stalks of grain to be threshed ⁷  at the threshing floor.

4:13 “Get up and thresh, Daughter Zion!

For I will give you iron horns; ⁸ 

I will give you bronze hooves,

and you will crush many nations.” ⁹ 

You will devote to the Lord the spoils you take from them,

and dedicate their wealth to the sovereign Ruler ¹⁰  of the whole earth. ¹¹ 

Revelation 16:14

16:14 For they are the spirits of the demons performing signs who go out to the kings of the earth ¹²  to bring them together for the battle that will take place on the great day of God, the All-Powerful. ¹³ 

Revelation 17:12-14

17:12 The ¹⁴  ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive ruling authority ¹⁵  as kings with the beast for one hour. 17:13 These kings ¹⁶  have a single intent, and they will give their power and authority to the beast. 17:14 They will make war with the Lamb, but the Lamb will conquer them, because he is Lord of lords and King of kings, and those accompanying ¹⁷  the Lamb are the called, chosen, and faithful.”

Revelation 19:19-21

19:19 Then ¹⁸  I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army. 19:20 Now ¹⁹  the beast was seized, and along with him the false prophet who had performed the signs on his behalf ²⁰  – signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Both of them were thrown alive into the lake of fire burning with sulfur. ²¹  19:21 The ²²  others were killed by the sword that extended from the mouth of the one who rode the horse, and all the birds gorged ²³  themselves with their flesh.

Revelation 20:8-9

20:8 and will go out to deceive ²⁴  the nations at the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, ²⁵  to bring them together for the battle. They are as numerous as the grains of sand in the sea. ²⁶  20:9 They ²⁷  went up ²⁸  on the broad plain of the earth ²⁹  and encircled ³⁰  the camp ³¹  of the saints and the beloved city, but ³²  fire came down from heaven and devoured them completely. ³³ 

[14:2]  ¹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[14:2]  ² tn Heb “not be cut off from the city” (so NRSV); NAB “not be removed.”

[14:3]  ³ sn The statement the Lord will go to battle introduces the conflict known elsewhere as the “battle of Armageddon,” a battle in which the Lord delivers his people and establishes his millennial reign (cf. Joel 3:12, 15-16; Ezek 38–39; Rev 16:12-21; 19:19-21).

[14:3]  ⁴ tn Heb “as he fights on a day of battle” (similar NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[4:11]  ⁵ tn Heb “let her be desecrated.” the referent (Jerusalem) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[4:11]  ⁶ tn Heb “and let our eye look upon Zion.”

[4:12]  ⁷ tn The words “to be threshed” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied in the translation to make it clear that the Lord is planning to enable “Daughter Zion” to “thresh” her enemies.

[4:13]  ⁸ tn Heb “I will make your horn iron.”

[4:13]  ⁹ sn Jerusalem (Daughter Zion at the beginning of the verse; cf. 4:8) is here compared to a powerful ox which crushes the grain on the threshing floor with its hooves.

[4:13]  ¹⁰ tn Or “the Lord” (so many English versions); Heb “the master.”

[4:13]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and their wealth to the master of all the earth.” The verb “devote” does double duty in the parallelism and is supplied in the second line for clarification.

[16:14]  ¹² tn BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 1 states, “the inhabited earth, the world…ὅλη ἡ οἰκ. the whole inhabited earth…Mt 24:14; Ac 11:28; Rv 3:10; 16:14.”

[16:14]  ¹³ tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”

[17:12]  ¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[17:12]  ¹⁵ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

[17:13]  ¹⁶ tn The word “kings” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to clarify the referent.

[17:14]  ¹⁷ tn See BDAG 636 s.v. μετά A.2.a.α.

[19:19]  ¹⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[19:20]  ¹⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of an unexpected development in the account: The opposing armies do not come together in battle; rather the leader of one side is captured.

[19:20]  ²⁰ tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”

[19:20]  ²¹ tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”

[19:21]  ²² tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[19:21]  ²³ tn On the translation of ἐχορτάσθησαν (ecortasqhsan) BDAG 1087 s.v. χορτάζω 1.a states, “of animals, pass. in act. sense πάντα τὰ ὄρνεα ἐχορτάσθησαν ἐκ τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτῶν all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh Rv 19:21 (cp. TestJud. 21:8).”

[20:8]  ²⁴ tn Or “mislead.”

[20:8]  ²⁵ sn The battle with Gog and Magog is described in the OT in Ezek 38:1-39:20.

[20:8]  ²⁶ tn Grk “of whom the number of them [is] like the sand of the sea” (an allusion to Isa 10:22).

[20:9]  ²⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[20:9]  ²⁸ tn The shift here to past tense reflects the Greek text.

[20:9]  ²⁹ tn On the phrase “broad plain of the earth” BDAG 823 s.v. πλάτος states, “τὸ πλάτος τῆς γῆς Rv 20:9 comes fr. the OT (Da 12:2 LXX. Cp. Hab 1:6; Sir 1:3), but the sense is not clear: breadth = the broad plain of the earth is perh. meant to provide room for the countless enemies of God vs. 8, but the ‘going up’ is better suited to Satan (vs. 7) who has recently been freed, and who comes up again fr. the abyss (vs. 3).” The referent here thus appears to be a plain large enough to accommodate the numberless hoards that have drawn up for battle against the Lord Christ and his saints.

[20:9]  ³⁰ tn Or “surrounded.”

[20:9]  ³¹ tn On the term παρεμβολή (parembolh) BDAG 775 s.v. states, “Mostly used as a military t.t.…so always in our lit.…1. a (fortified) camp…ἡ παρεμβολὴ τῶν ἁγίων Rv 20:9 is also to be understood fr. the OT use of the word.”

[20:9]  ³² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[20:9]  ³³ tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”