37:8-9a The Rabshakeh returned to his master having learned that Hezekiah would not surrender. He found him five miles closer to Jerusalem than Lachish, at Libnah, where he was fighting the Judahites. The message that Tirhakah, King of Ethiopia, was coming to engage him in battle caused Sennacherib to decide to terminate further campaigns in Palestine and return to his homeland temporarily.362
37:9b-13 Sennacherib warned Hezekiah, through messengers and a letter (v. 14), not to let messages from Yahweh deceive him into thinking that Jerusalem would survive. After all, all the lands that the Assyrian kings had invaded had fallen to them, he claimed. None of the powerful cities of the upper Euphrates received help to overcome Assyria from their gods. Likewise the cities of Aram had not been able to resist takeover.
37:14-15 When Hezekiah received Sennacherib's letter, he took it with him into the temple and laid all the enemy's words before the Lord in prayer.
37:16-20 Hezekiah began his prayer--did Isaiah witness it?--by acknowledging Yahweh's uniqueness; He was not like the gods of the nations but the only true God, who dwelt among His people, the creator who rules and determines everything.363He asked the living God to pay attention to the reproachful blasphemies of the Assyrian king. He acknowledged the Assyrians' superiority over the nations they had overrun, but he ascribed this to the fact that those nations had only gods of wood and stone to defend them. Finally, he asked God to deliver Jerusalem so the nations would know that Yahweh alone was God. In short, he prayed for the glory of God.
"Like all true prayer, Hezekiah's is preoccupied with God: who he is (16); his honour (17); his uniqueness (18-19); and the revelation of his glory to the world (20).
". . . The heart of prayer is not its petitionary content but the acknowledgment of God."364
God responded to Hezekiah's prayer by giving Isaiah a message for the king. The prophet first explained what God would do (vv. 21-29). Then he gave the king a sign that He would indeed do it (vv. 30-35).
37:21-22 The Lord explained that it was Hezekiah's trust in Him, expressed through his prayer, that led to his receiving information about what He would do. Hezekiah would see the Lord's hand at work more clearly because he had prayed.
Assyria had mocked a "person"who was especially dear to the Lord, namely, His "virgin daughter,"Jerusalem (cf. 1:8; 47:1). Thus Assyria had incurred His anger.
37:23 Moreover, Assyria had spoken disparagingly of the Holy One of Israel. She had reproached, blasphemed, spoken out against, and lifted her eyes proudly against Him. As the person of God filled Hezekiah's prayer (vv. 16-20), so the person of God filled Isaiah's response.
37:24-25 Assyria's sin included her failure to recognize God's hand in her fortunes. She proudly thought that her own might was responsible for the victories she had gained and that she controlled her own destiny. She considered herself omnipotent rather than acknowledging that Yahweh was. These verses read much like the portions of the Assyrian annals in which the kings boasted of their conquests.
37:26-27 Assyria had not heard the truth. She lacked the divine revelation that helps people see the realities of life. It was the Lord, not the Assyrians, who was responsible for all of Assyria's conquests. He not only planned them long ago, but He also brought them to pass. That explains why she was able to subdue her enemies and take over their territories. Godis sovereign.
37:28-29 The Lord knew everything about the Assyrians, including their raging against Himself. Because they raged against Him and felt complacent about controlling their own destiny, He would teach them who was sovereign. He would lead them away as they had led prisoners they had taken captive in war, by putting hooks in their noses.365As they directed the horses they took so much pride in, God would put a bit in their mouths and turn them back to their homeland.
Isaiah next offered a sign to Hezekiah to assure him that God would indeed do what he had said. Compare the sign that God gave believing Hezekiah's unbelieving father Ahaz (7:14; cf. 38:7; Exod. 3:12).
37:30 For two years normal agriculture would be impossible around Jerusalem, but God would cause the land to produce enough to sustain the inhabitants.366Fruitfulness has always been God's blessing on those who trust Him. Then the third year planting and harvesting as usual would resume. It was particularly unusual that the Judahites would be able to plant vineyards and eat their fruit shortly after that because it often took years for grapevines to yield a crop.
37:31 Additionally, the surviving remnant of the Judahites would increase in numbers and become stronger, like the plants just mentioned. They would enjoy security and prosperity.
37:32 The Lord would preserve a people for Himself from among the Jerusalemites. This would include the Davidic line of kings, as He had promised (2 Sam. 7:16; cf. Isa. 9:6). His own zeal to remain true to His word and to bless His people would perform this (cf. 9:7; 59:17). It would not depend on the faithfulness of His people (cf. 2 Tim. 2:13).
37:33-35 The Lord promised Hezekiah, in closing, that Sennacherib would not even besiege Jerusalem nor would he attack it, from close range or from farther off. He would, instead, return to his own land the same way he came.367Yahweh would defend Jerusalem and preserve it, not so much for the sake of Hezekiah and as a reward for his faith, but for the Lord's own reputation and for David's sake, to whom He had promised an everlasting dynasty, which culminated in Messiah.368
