This pericope concludes the sections on the culmination of Israel's future (65:17-66:24), Israel's future transformation (chs. 56-66), Israel's hope (chs. 40-66), and the whole book, Yahweh's salvation. As 56:1-8, it clarifies the difference between being a true servant of the Lord and one of His enemies, a rebel.
"God does not deliver his servants so that they can revel in the experience of sharing his glory (cf. chs. 60-62). Rather, he delivers them so that they can be witnesses of that glory to the world (cf. 6:1-10). . . . This book is not about the vindication of Zion, but about the mission of Zion to declare the God whose glory fills the earth (6:3; 66:18) to all the inhabitants of that earth (12:4; 51:5; 60:9; 66:19)."736
66:15 Yahweh coming with fire in chariots like whirlwinds is a picture of Him coming in judgment against His enemies (v. 14; cf. Zech. 14:3).
66:16 The judgment in view in verses 15-17 seems to be the one that will take place when Messiah returns to the earth (cf. Matt. 24:22; Mark 9:48; 2 Thess. 1:7-9; Rev. 19:11-21).
"Perhaps it is justifiable to say that in the world of nature God judges through fire and in history through the sword, but too sharp a distinction must not be made."737
66:17 Those who pursue ritualistic idolatry then (cf. 65:3) and follow the false prophet of that day will come to their final end (cf. Rev. 13:11-18; 14:14-20; 19:17-19).
". . . when people cease to heed the word of revelation, it is not that they then believe nothing but that they will believe anything--gardens, pigs, and rats included."738
66:18 The Lord knows the works and thoughts of rebels against His will, and He will assemble them all to witness a display of His glory. At Babel, humankind assembled to display its own glory (Gen. 11:1-9), but God will bring all the rebels together to witness His glory. The church's preaching of the gospel is hardly the fulfillment in view. It is rather the return of Christ to the earth and the judgment of the nations then (cf. Matt. 25:32).
"Vv. 18-24 have a close affinity with Zech. 12-14, so much so that one could consider the Zechariah passage to be an expansion on these verses in Isaiah."739
"In New Testament perspective, this final section [vv. 18-24] spans the first and second comings of the Lord Jesus Christ: his purpose for the world (18), his means of carrying it out (19-21), the signset among the nations, the remnant sent to evangelize them (19) and the gathering of his people to Jerusalem' (20) with Gentiles in full membership (21)."740
66:19 God promised to set a sign among His people (cf. Exod. 10:2; Ps. 78:43), the Israelites. This probably refers to the Cross, which He would raise up before He brought judgment on the world at the second advent.741Then the Lord would send survivors of His people among the nations to proclaim His glory. This may refer to the 144,000 Jewish missionaries that God will send throughout the earth during the Tribulation (cf. Rev. 7:1-8; 15:1-4). The nations mentioned include Tarshish (Spain), Put (Libya), Lud (western Turkey), Meshech (archers?), Rosh (Russia), Tubal (eastern Turkey), and Javan (Greece).742
66:20 The message having gone out, the Gentiles would escort the Israelites back to the Promised Land and the holy city of Jerusalem as a thank offering to the Lord (cf. Zech. 8:23; John 11:52). Evidently many Israelites will believe on the Lord Jesus Christ during the Tribulation and will return to their ancient homeland to worship Him (cf. 11:10-16). Jews will evangelize Gentiles (v. 19), and Gentiles will evangelize Jews.
"The only offering brought in a container was the firstfruits (Dt. 26:2). The converts of the nations come as the firstfruits of the harvest of the world--not a token of what will yet come but as that which is notably holy and peculiarly the Lord's."743
66:21 Evidently the Lord will make some of these converted Gentiles leaders in His worship (cf. 56:5-6). He would accept Gentile believers as freely as Israelite believers and would bless them with equal privilege in His service.
". . . all the nations will in fact be blessed through Israel (cf. Gen. 12:3)."744
66:22 Just as surely as God would create new heavens and a new earth (cf. 65:17), so He would preserve the Israelites (cf. 1:2; Gen. 12:1-3).
66:23 In the future, all people left alive after the Lord's judgments, Israelites and Gentiles, would worship Him continually in the new Jerusalem (cf. chs. 25-26; Zech. 14:16-21).
66:24 The worshippers would be able to view the corpses of those whom the Lord will judge. This probably includes those killed in the battle of Armageddon and those sentenced to eternal damnation. The picture is of Jerusalem dwellers going outside the city to the Hinnom Valley where garbage and corpses burned constantly, where worms (corruption) and fire (holy wrath) were always working (cf. Matt. 5:22; Mark 9:43; Luke 12:5). As those who worship God rejoice before Him perpetually, so those who rebel against Him will die perpetually (cf. Matt. 25:46).
"Perhaps the most enduring lessons from the Book of Isaiah are the reminders that (a) there is a God, (b) He is coming back, and (c) our eternal destiny is determined by our response to Him in this life."745
