Jeremiah's symbolic act of wearing a yoke led to another symbolic act, the breaking of that yoke. Jeremiah's act brought a false prophet into direct confrontation with the true prophet.
28:1 The following event took place in the same year as the preceding one, 594 or 593 B.C., in the fifth month. Another prophet, Hananiah ben Azzur from Gibeon in Benjamin (about 5 miles northwest of Jerusalem), spoke to Jeremiah in the temple courtyard before the priests and the people who had assembled there (cf. 27:16).370
28:2-3 Hananiah prophesied that Yahweh had broken Babylon's authority over Judah. Within two years the Lord would return to the temple the vessels that Nebuchadnezzar had already taken to Babylon. Hananiah, whose name means "Yahweh has been gracious,"announced a message that Yahweh would be gracious.371Jeremiah predicted that the captivity would last 70 years (25:11-12; 29:10), but Hananiah predicted it would last only two years.
28:4 The Lord would also return Jeconiah (Jehoiachin) and the people who went with him to Babylon as captives, Hananiah predicted, because Yahweh would break Babylon's yoke. This flatly contradicted Jeremiah's prophecy that Jeconiah would die in Babylon (22:24-27; cf. 52:31-34).
28:5-6 Jeremiah responded to Hananiah sincerely but ironically. So be it, he said. Would that the Lord would do just as Hananiah had predicted. Jeremiah wished that Hananiah's prophecy would come true because he loved his people and his land and did not want them to experience the horrors of invasion and a long exile.
28:7 Yet Jeremiah urged the people to listen to what he was about to say to them. What Jeremiah wished would happen would not.
28:8-9 Time would tell, he said, whether Hananiah's prophecies of peace or Jeremiah's prophecies of war were truly from Yahweh. One of the tests of a true prophet in Israel was the fulfillment of his predictions (cf. 23:16-40; Deut. 18:21-22).
"Jeremiah's meaning was that the usual message of the earlier prophets was one of doom, and that when he spoke of judgment he was more in the line of the predecessors than Hananiah, who spoke only of peace and prosperity (Deut. 18:20-22)."372
28:10-11 Hananiah proceeded to deliver a symbolic act of his own by vandalizing Jeremiah's sign. He dramatically smashed the yoke that Jeremiah had been wearing on his neck (cf. 27:2). He claimed that similarly within two years Yahweh would break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar off the neck of all the nations that he was oppressing.
28:12-13 Shortly after these events, the Lord told Jeremiah to return to Hananiah with a message. He told the false prophet that by breaking the wooden yoke off Jeremiah's neck he had only made Nebuchadnezzar's oppression more certain. Failure to repent had resulted in more certain judgment.
". . . we only add to our chastening when we resist it--exchanging wood for iron."373
28:14 Jeremiah told Hananiah that Yahweh of Hosts, Israel's God, said that all the nations round about would serve Nebuchadnezzar. The Babylonian king would even control the beasts; his supremacy would be total. Nothing the people could do would divert this judgment (cf. Acts 20:26-27). His yoke over them was as unbreakable as iron (cf. 15:12).
28:15-16 Jeremiah also told Hananiah that the Lord had not sent the false prophet. Furthermore, the Lord had revealed that He would take Hananiah's life within a year because he had encouraged the people to rebel against the Lord's word. The penalty that false prophets were to suffer under the Mosaic Covenant was death (Deut. 18:20).
"It is a serious thing indeed to use the name of God to say that secondary solutions can cure our problems when the real problem is that people have turned away from God and the truth that He has revealed in verbalized, propositional form concerning Himself."374
28:17 Sure enough, about two months later Hananiah died (cf. v. 1; 2 Kings 1:17; 7:19-20; 8:10-15; Ezek. 11:13; Acts 5:1-11). The prophet who predicted deliverance in two years died in two months. God graciously gave him two months to repent before He put him to death. His death was another object lesson to the people on the importance of obeying God's word.
"In chapters 26-29 the deaths of four prophets are predicted and/or reported. Of the prophets named in these chapters, only Jeremiah survives to see the fulfillment of the prophecies given to him by the LORD."375
