21:1-2 Jesus and his disciples travelled the 17 miles from Jericho to Bethany along the Roman road. They climbed about 3,000 feet in elevation between those towns. Bethphage ("house of figs") lay slightly farther west than Bethany also on the southeast slope of the Mount of Olives. It no longer exists. When Jesus approached Bethphage He instructed two disciples to go into that village and bring a donkey and its colt to Him.
21:3 This is the only place in Matthew's Gospel where Jesus used the title "Lord"(Gr. kyrios) of Himself. Even though "lord"was a respectful address, used this way it became a title of authority. Probably Jesus had previously made arrangements with the owner to use the animals. Now the disciples went to pick them up and when questioned explained that they were taking them to the gentleman who had made the arrangements (Mark 11:5-6; Luke 19:33-34).
"The careful preparation which the Lord makes indicates His sovereignty. That which is about to transpire is no accident."756
21:4-5 It is possible that Jesus spoke these words. However, it is probable that Matthew added them as he did other fulfillment passages in his Gospel (1:22; et al.). The first two lines of the quotation are from Isaiah 62:11 and the last two cite Zechariah 9:9. Zion is a poetic name for Jerusalem often used of the city under Messiah's rule during the kingdom.757Jerusalem belonged to Messiah (5:35). Matthew omitted quoting the part of Zechariah 9:9 that speaks of Messiah bringing national salvation to Israel. Jesus would not do that then because of Israel's rejection.
Rulers rode donkeys in Israel during times of peace (Judg. 5:10; 1 Kings 1:33). This was a sign of their humble service of the people. Warriors rode horses. Jesus was preparing to declare His messiahship by fulfilling this messianic prophecy. By coming in peace He was extending grace rather than judgment to the city. He was coming as a servant now. He would return as a king on a horse later (cf. Rev. 19:11).
Jesus rode on the colt (a young male donkey), not on its mother, the donkey (Mark 11:2; Luke 19:30). It would have been remarkable that Jesus was able to control a presumably unbroken animal moving through an excited crowd with an unfamiliar burden on its back. This was just one more demonstration that Jesus was the Messiah who was the master of nature (cf. 8:23-27; 14:22-32). Certainly He could bring peace to Israel if He could calm the young colt (Isa. 11:1-10).
"Matthew could hardly make the presentation of the royalty of Jesus more explicit."758
21:6-7 The disciples ran their errand, returned to Jesus, and spread their outer garments on both animals. Both the donkey and the colt entered Jerusalem. The "them"on which Jesus sat were the garments, not both animals.
This deliberate preparation for a citywide reception contrasts with Jesus' former approach to ministry. Before He had not drawn attention to Himself deliberately, but now He prepared to do so. He had formerly withdrawn from the antagonistic hierarchy, but now He organized a parade that they could not miss.759
