Jeremiah 32:4

32:4 King Zedekiah of Judah will not escape from the Babylonians. ¹  He will certainly be handed over to the king of Babylon. He must answer personally to the king of Babylon and confront him face to face. ² 

Jeremiah 34:3

34:3 You yourself will not escape his clutches, but will certainly be captured and handed over to him. You must confront the king of Babylon face to face and answer to him personally. ³  Then you must go to Babylon.

Jeremiah 38:18

38:18 But if you do not surrender to the officers of the king of Babylon, this city will be handed over to the Babylonians ⁴  and they will burn it down. You yourself will not escape from them.’” ⁵ 

Jeremiah 38:23

38:23 “All your wives and your children will be turned over to the Babylonians. ⁶  You yourself will not escape from them but will be captured by the ⁷  king of Babylon. This city will be burned down.” ⁸ 

Job 11:20

11:20 But the eyes of the wicked fail, ⁹ 

and escape ¹⁰  eludes them;

their one hope ¹¹  is to breathe their last.” ¹² 

Isaiah 2:12-22

2:12 Indeed, the Lord who commands armies has planned a day of judgment, ¹³ 

for ¹⁴  all the high and mighty,

for all who are proud – they will be humiliated;

2:13 for all the cedars of Lebanon,

that are so high and mighty,

for all the oaks of Bashan; ¹⁵ 

2:14 for all the tall mountains,

for all the high hills, ¹⁶ 

2:15 for every high tower,

for every fortified wall,

2:16 for all the large ships, ¹⁷ 

for all the impressive ¹⁸  ships. ¹⁹ 

2:17 Proud men will be humiliated,

arrogant men will be brought low; ²⁰ 

the Lord alone will be exalted ²¹ 

in that day.

2:18 The worthless idols will be completely eliminated. ²² 

2:19 They ²³  will go into caves in the rocky cliffs

and into holes in the ground, ²⁴ 

trying to escape the dreadful judgment of the Lord ²⁵ 

and his royal splendor,

when he rises up to terrify the earth. ²⁶ 

2:20 At that time ²⁷  men will throw

their silver and gold idols,

which they made for themselves to worship, ²⁸ 

into the caves where rodents and bats live, ²⁹ 

2:21 so they themselves can go into the crevices of the rocky cliffs

and the openings under the rocky overhangs, ³⁰ 

trying to escape the dreadful judgment of the Lord ³¹ 

and his royal splendor,

when he rises up to terrify the earth. ³² 

2:22 Stop trusting in human beings,

whose life’s breath is in their nostrils.

For why should they be given special consideration?

Isaiah 24:21-23

The Lord Will Become King

24:21 At that time ³³  the Lord will punish ³⁴ 

the heavenly forces in the heavens ³⁵ 

and the earthly kings on the earth.

24:22 They will be imprisoned in a pit, ³⁶ 

locked up in a prison,

and after staying there for a long time, ³⁷  they will be punished. ³⁸ 

24:23 The full moon will be covered up, ³⁹ 

the bright sun ⁴⁰  will be darkened; ⁴¹ 

for the Lord who commands armies will rule ⁴² 

on Mount Zion in Jerusalem ⁴³ 

in the presence of his assembly, in majestic splendor. ⁴⁴ 

Ezekiel 17:15

17:15 But this one from Israel’s royal family ⁴⁵  rebelled against the king of Babylon ⁴⁶  by sending his emissaries to Egypt to obtain horses and a large army. Will he prosper? Will the one doing these things escape? Can he break the covenant and escape?

Ezekiel 17:18

17:18 He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Take note ⁴⁷  – he gave his promise ⁴⁸  and did all these things – he will not escape!

Daniel 5:30

5:30 And in that very night Belshazzar, the Babylonian king, ⁴⁹  was killed. ⁵⁰ 

Amos 2:14

2:14 Fast runners will find no place to hide; ⁵¹ 

strong men will have no strength left; ⁵² 

warriors will not be able to save their lives.

Amos 9:1

9:1 I saw the sovereign One ⁵³  standing by the altar ⁵⁴  and he said, “Strike the tops of the support pillars, ⁵⁵  so the thresholds shake!

Knock them down on the heads of all the people, ⁵⁶ 

and I will kill the survivors ⁵⁷  with the sword.

No one will be able to run away; ⁵⁸ 

no one will be able to escape. ⁵⁹ 

Revelation 6:14-17

6:14 The sky ⁶⁰  was split apart ⁶¹  like a scroll being rolled up, ⁶²  and every mountain and island was moved from its place. 6:15 Then ⁶³  the kings of the earth, the ⁶⁴  very important people, the generals, ⁶⁵  the rich, the powerful, and everyone, slave ⁶⁶  and free, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains. 6:16 They ⁶⁷  said to the mountains and to the rocks, “Fall on us and hide us from the face of the one who is seated on the throne and from the wrath of the Lamb, ⁶⁸  6:17 because the great day of their ⁶⁹  wrath has come, and who is able to withstand it?” ⁷⁰ 

Revelation 19:19-21

19:19 Then ⁷¹  I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army. 19:20 Now ⁷²  the beast was seized, and along with him the false prophet who had performed the signs on his behalf ⁷³  – signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Both of them were thrown alive into the lake of fire burning with sulfur. ⁷⁴  19:21 The ⁷⁵  others were killed by the sword that extended from the mouth of the one who rode the horse, and all the birds gorged ⁷⁶  themselves with their flesh.

[32:4]  ¹ tn Heb “The Chaldeans.” See the study note on 21:4 for further explanation.

[32:4]  ² tn Heb “his [Zedekiah’s] mouth will speak with his [Nebuchadnezzar’s] mouth and his eyes will see his eyes.” The verbs here are an obligatory imperfect and its vav consecutive perfect equivalent. (See IBHS 508-9 §31.4g for discussion and examples of the former and IBHS 528 §32.2.1d, n. 16, for the latter.)

[34:3]  ³ tn Heb “Your eyes will see the eyes of the king of Babylon and his mouth will speak with your mouth.” For this same idiom in reverse order see 32:4 and consult the translator’s note there for the obligatory nuance given to the verbs.

[38:18]  ⁴ tn Heb “Chaldeans.” See the study note on 21:4 for explanation.

[38:18]  ⁵ tn Heb “will not escape from their hand.”

[38:23]  ⁶ tn Heb “Chaldeans.” See the study note on 21:4 for explanation.

[38:23]  ⁷ tn Heb “you yourself will not escape from their hand but will be seized by [caught in] the hand of the king of Babylon.” Neither use of “hand” is natural to the English idiom.

[38:23]  ⁸ tc This translation follows the reading of the Greek version and a few Hebrew mss. The majority of the Hebrew mss read “and you will burn down this city.” This reading is accepted by the majority of modern commentaries and English versions. Few of the commentaries, however, bother to explain the fact that the particle אֶת (’et), which normally marks the accusative object, is functioning here as the subject. For this point of grammar see BDB 85 s.v. I אֵת 1.b. Or this may be another case where אֵת introduces a new subject (see BDB 85 s.v. אֵת 3.α and see usage in 27:8; 36:22).

[11:20]  ⁹ tn The verb כָּלָה (kalah) means “to fail, cease, fade away.” The fading of the eyes, i.e., loss of sight, loss of life’s vitality, indicates imminent death.

[11:20]  ¹⁰ tn Heb a “place of escape” (with this noun pattern). There is no place to escape to because they all perish.

[11:20]  ¹¹ tn The word is to be interpreted as a metonymy; it represents what is hoped for.

[11:20]  ¹² tn Heb “the breathing out of the soul”; cf. KJV, ASV “the giving up of the ghost.” The line is simply saying that the brightest hope that the wicked have is death.

[2:12]  ¹³ tn Heb “indeed [or “for”] the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] has a day.”

[2:12]  ¹⁴ tn Or “against” (NAB, NASB, NRSV).

[2:13]  ¹⁵ sn The cedars of Lebanon and oaks of Bashan were well-known for their size and prominence. They make apt symbols here for powerful men who think of themselves as prominent and secure.

[2:14]  ¹⁶ sn The high mountains and hills symbolize the apparent security of proud men, as do the high tower and fortified wall of v. 15.

[2:16]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “the ships of Tarshish.” This probably refers to large ships either made in or capable of traveling to the distant western port of Tarshish.

[2:16]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “desirable”; NAB, NIV “stately”; NRSV “beautiful.”

[2:16]  ¹⁹ tn On the meaning of this word, which appears only here in the Hebrew Bible, see H. R. Cohen, Biblical Hapax Legomena (SBLDS), 41-42.

[2:17]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and the pride of men will be brought down, and the arrogance of men will be brought low.” As in v. 11, the repetition of the verbs שָׁפַל (shafal) and שָׁחָח (shakhakh) from v. 9 draws attention to the appropriate nature of the judgment. Those proud men who “bow low” before idols will be forced to “bow low” before God when he judges their sin.

[2:17]  ²¹ tn Or “elevated”; NCV “praised”; CEV “honored.”

[2:18]  ²² tc The verb “pass away” is singular in the Hebrew text, despite the plural subject (“worthless idols”) that precedes. The verb should be emended to a plural; the final vav (ו) has been accidentally omitted by haplography (note the vav at the beginning of the immediately following form).

[2:19]  ²³ tn The identity of the grammatical subject is unclear. The “idols” could be the subject; they will “go” into the caves and holes when the idolaters throw them there in their haste to escape God’s judgment (see vv. 20-21). The picture of the idols, which represent the foreign deities worshiped by the people, fleeing from the Lord would be highly polemical and fit the overall mood of the chapter. However it seems more likely that the idolaters themselves are the subject, for v. 10 uses similar language in sarcastically urging them to run from judgment.

[2:19]  ²⁴ tn Heb “dust”; ASV “into the holes of the earth.”

[2:19]  ²⁵ tn Heb “from the dread of the Lord,” that is, from the dread that he produces in the objects of his judgment.” The words “trying to escape” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[2:19]  ²⁶ tn Or “land.” It is not certain if these verses are describing the judgment of Judah (see vv. 6-9) or a more universal judgment on all proud men.

[2:20]  ²⁷ tn Or “in that day” (KJV).

[2:20]  ²⁸ tn Or “bow down to.”

[2:20]  ²⁹ tn Heb “to the shrews and to the bats.” On the meaning of חֲפַרְפָּרָה (khafarparah, “shrew”), see HALOT 341 s.v. חֲפַרְפָּרָה. The BHS text as it stands (לַחְפֹּר פֵּרוֹת, perot lakhpor), makes no sense. Based on Theodotion’s transliteration and a similar reading in the Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a, most scholars suggest that the MT mistakenly divided a noun (a hapax legomenon) that should be translated “moles,” “shrews,” or “rodents.”

[2:21]  ³⁰ sn The precise point of vv. 20-21 is not entirely clear. Are they taking the idols into their hiding places with them, because they are so attached to their man-made images? Or are they discarding the idols along the way as they retreat into the darkest places they can find? In either case it is obvious that the gods are incapable of helping them.

[2:21]  ³¹ tn Heb “from the dread of the Lord,” that is, from the dread that he produces in the objects of his judgment.” The words “trying to escape” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[2:21]  ³² tn Or “land.” It is not certain if these verses are describing the judgment of Judah (see vv. 6-9) or a more universal judgment on all proud men. Almost all English versions translate “earth,” taking this to refer to universal judgment.

[24:21]  ³³ tn Or “in that day” (so KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[24:21]  ³⁴ tn Heb “visit [in judgment].”

[24:21]  ³⁵ tn Heb “the host of the height in the height.” The “host of the height/heaven” refers to the heavenly luminaries (stars and planets, see, among others, Deut 4:19; 17:3; 2 Kgs 17:16; 21:3, 5; 23:4-5; 2 Chr 33:3, 5) that populate the divine/heavenly assembly in mythological and prescientific Israelite thought (see Job 38:7; Isa 14:13).

[24:22]  ³⁶ tn Heb “they will be gathered [in] a gathering [as] a prisoner in a cistern.” It is tempting to eliminate אֲסֵפָה (’asefah, “a gathering”) as dittographic or as a gloss, but sound repetition is one of the main characteristics of the style of this section of the chapter.

[24:22]  ³⁷ tn Heb “and after a multitude of days.”

[24:22]  ³⁸ tn Heb “visited” (so KJV, ASV). This verse can mean to visit for good or for evil. The translation assumes the latter, based on v. 21a. However, BDB 823 s.v. פָּקַד B.Niph.2 suggests the meaning “visit graciously” here, in which case one might translate “they will be released.”

[24:23]  ³⁹ tn Heb “will be ashamed.”

[24:23]  ⁴⁰ tn Or “glow of the sun.”

[24:23]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “will be ashamed” (so NCV).

[24:23]  ⁴² tn Or “take his throne,” “become king.”

[24:23]  ⁴³ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[24:23]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “and before his elders [in] splendor.”

[17:15]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the member of the royal family, v. 13) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:15]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “him”; the referent (the king of Babylon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:18]  ⁴⁷ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates being aware of or taking notice of something.

[17:18]  ⁴⁸ sn Heb “hand.” “Giving one’s hand” is a gesture of promise (2 Kgs 10:15).

[5:30]  ⁴⁹ tn Aram “king of the Chaldeans.”

[5:30]  ⁵⁰ sn The year was 539 B.C. At this time Daniel would have been approximately eighty-one years old. The relevant extra-biblical records describing the fall of Babylon include portions of Herodotus, Xenophon, Berossus (cited in Josephus), the Cyrus Cylinder, and the Babylonian Chronicle.

[2:14]  ⁵¹ tn Heb “and a place of refuge will perish from the swift.”

[2:14]  ⁵² tn Heb “the strong will not increase his strength.”

[9:1]  ⁵³ tn Or “the Lord.” The Hebrew term translated “sovereign One” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[9:1]  ⁵⁴ sn The altar is perhaps the altar at Bethel.

[9:1]  ⁵⁵ tn Or “the capitals.” The Hebrew singular form is collective.

[9:1]  ⁵⁶ tn Heb “cut them off on the head of all of them.” The translation assumes the objective suffix on the verb refers to the tops of the pillars and that the following prepositional phrase refers to the people standing beneath. Another option is to take this phrase as referring to the pillars, in which case one could translate, “Knock all the tops of the pillars off.”

[9:1]  ⁵⁷ tn Heb “the remnant of them.” One could possibly translate, “every last one of them” (cf. NEB “to the last man”). This probably refers to those who survive the collapse of the temple, which may symbolize the northern kingdom.

[9:1]  ⁵⁸ tn Heb “a fugitive belonging to them will not run away.”

[9:1]  ⁵⁹ tn Heb “a survivor belonging to them will not escape.”

[6:14]  ⁶⁰ tn Or “The heavens were.” The Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) can mean either “heaven” or “sky.”

[6:14]  ⁶¹ tn BDAG 125 s.v. ἀποχωρίζω states, “ὁ οὐρανὸς ἀπεχωρίσθη the sky was split Rv 6:14.” Although L&N 79.120 gives the meaning “the sky disappeared like a rolled-up scroll” here, a scroll that is rolled up does not “disappear,” and such a translation could be difficult for modern readers to understand.

[6:14]  ⁶² tn On this term BDAG 317 s.v. ἑλίσσω states, “ὡς βιβλίον ἑλισσόμενον like a scroll that is rolled up…Rv 6:14.”

[6:15]  ⁶³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[6:15]  ⁶⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated; nor is it translated before each of the following categories, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[6:15]  ⁶⁵ tn Grk “chiliarchs.” A chiliarch was normally a military officer commanding a thousand soldiers, but here probably used of higher-ranking commanders like generals (see L&N 55.15; cf. Rev 6:15).

[6:15]  ⁶⁶ tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

[6:16]  ⁶⁷ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[6:16]  ⁶⁸ tn It is difficult to say where this quotation ends. The translation ends it after “withstand it” at the end of v. 17, but it is possible that it should end here, after “Lamb” at the end of v. 16. If it ends after “Lamb,” v. 17 is a parenthetical explanation by the author.

[6:17]  ⁶⁹ tc Most mss (A Ï bo) change the pronoun “their” to “his” (αὐτοῦ, autou) in order to bring the text in line with the mention of the one seated on the throne in the immediately preceding verse, and to remove the ambiguity about whose wrath is in view here. The reading αὐτῶν (autwn, “their”) is well supported by א C 1611 1854 2053 2329 2344 pc latt sy. On both internal and external grounds, it should be regarded as original.

[6:17]  ⁷⁰ tn The translation “to withstand (it)” for ἵστημι (Jisthmi) is based on the imagery of holding one’s ground in a military campaign or an attack (BDAG 482 s.v. B.4).

[19:19]  ⁷¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[19:20]  ⁷² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of an unexpected development in the account: The opposing armies do not come together in battle; rather the leader of one side is captured.

[19:20]  ⁷³ tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”

[19:20]  ⁷⁴ tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”

[19:21]  ⁷⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[19:21]  ⁷⁶ tn On the translation of ἐχορτάσθησαν (ecortasqhsan) BDAG 1087 s.v. χορτάζω 1.a states, “of animals, pass. in act. sense πάντα τὰ ὄρνεα ἐχορτάσθησαν ἐκ τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτῶν all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh Rv 19:21 (cp. TestJud. 21:8).”