1 Samuel 15:12

15:12 Then Samuel got up early to meet Saul the next morning. But Samuel was informed, “Saul has gone to Carmel where ¹  he is setting up a monument for himself. Then Samuel left ²  and went down to Gilgal.” ³ 

1 Samuel 15:1

Saul Is Rejected as King

15:1 Then Samuel said to Saul, “I was the one the Lord sent to anoint you as king over his people Israel. Now listen to what the Lord says. ⁴ 

1 Samuel 18:20

18:20 Now Michal, Saul’s daughter, loved David. When they told Saul about this, it ⁵  pleased him.

1 Samuel 18:1

Saul Comes to Fear David

18:1 When David ⁶  had finished talking with Saul, Jonathan and David became bound together in close friendship. ⁷  Jonathan loved David as much as he did his own life. ⁸ 

The Song of Songs 7:5

7:5 Your head crowns ⁹  you like Mount Carmel. ¹⁰ 

The locks of your hair ¹¹  are like royal tapestries ¹²  –

the king is held captive ¹³  in its tresses!

Isaiah 33:9

33:9 The land ¹⁴  dries up ¹⁵  and withers away;

the forest of Lebanon shrivels up ¹⁶  and decays.

Sharon ¹⁷  is like the desert; ¹⁸ 

Bashan and Carmel ¹⁹  are parched. ²⁰ 

Isaiah 35:2

35:2 Let it richly bloom; ²¹ 

let it rejoice and shout with delight! ²² 

It is given the grandeur ²³  of Lebanon,

the splendor of Carmel and Sharon.

They will see the grandeur of the Lord,

the splendor of our God.

Isaiah 37:24

37:24 Through your messengers you taunted the sovereign master, ²⁴ 

‘With my many chariots I climbed up

the high mountains,

the slopes of Lebanon.

I cut down its tall cedars

and its best evergreens.

I invaded its most remote regions, ²⁵ 

its thickest woods.

Jeremiah 46:18

46:18 I the King, whose name is the Lord who rules over all, ²⁶  swear this:

I swear as surely as I live that ²⁷  a conqueror is coming.

He will be as imposing as Mount Tabor is among the mountains,

as Mount Carmel is against the backdrop of the sea. ²⁸ 

[15:12]  ¹ tn Heb “and look.”

[15:12]  ² tn Heb “and he turned and crossed over.”

[15:12]  ³ tc At the end of v. 12 the LXX and one Old Latin ms include the following words not found in the MT: “to Saul. And behold, he was offering as a burnt offering to the Lord the best of the spoils that he had brought from the Amalekites.”

[15:1]  ⁴ tn Heb “to the voice of the words of the Lord” (so KJV).

[18:20]  ⁵ tn Heb “the matter.”

[18:1]  ⁶ tn Heb “he”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:1]  ⁷ tn Heb “the soul of Jonathan was bound with the soul of David.”

[18:1]  ⁸ tn Heb “like his [own] soul.”

[7:5]  ⁹ tn Heb “your head [is] upon you.”

[7:5]  ¹⁰ sn The Carmel mountain range is a majestic sight. The mountain range borders the southern edge of the plain of Esdraelon, dividing the Palestinian coastal plain into the Plain of Acco to the north and the Plains of Sharon and Philistia to the south. Its luxuriant foliage was legendary (Isa 33:9; Amos 1:2; Nah 1:4). Rising to a height of approximately 1750 feet (525 m), it extends southeast from the Mediterranean for 13 miles (21 km). Due to its greatness and fertility, it was often associated with majesty and power (Isa 35:2; Jer 46:18). The point of the comparison is that her head crowns her body just as the majestic Mount Carmel rested over the landscape, rising above it in majestic and fertile beauty. See ZPEB 1:755; C. F. Pfeiffer and H. F. Vos, Wycliffe Historical Geography of Bible Lands, 100.

[7:5]  ¹¹ sn The term דַּלָּה (dallah, “locks, hair”) refers to dangling curls or loose hair that hangs down from one’s head (HALOT 222-23 s.v. I דַּלָּה). The Hebrew term is from a common Semitic root meaning “to hang down,” and is related to Arabic tadaldala “dangle” and Ethiopic delul “dangling curls” (KBL 222-23).

[7:5]  ¹² tn Heb “like purple” or “like purple fabric.” The term אַרְגָּמָן (’argaman, “purple fabric”) refers to wool dyed with red purple (HALOT 84 s.v. אַרְגָּמָן). It is used in reference to purple threads (Exod 35:25; 39:3; Esth 1:9) or purple cloth (Num 4:13; Judg 8:26; Esth 8:15; Prov 31:22; Jer 10:9; Song 3:10). NASB translates it as “purple threads,” while NIV nuances this term as “royal tapestry.” M. H. Pope (The Song of Songs [AB], 629-30) adduces several ancient Near Eastern texts and suggests that it refers to purple hair-dye. The comparison is to hair which entangles Solomon like binding cords and therefore, it seems most likely that the idea here must be purple threads. The Hebrew noun is a loanword from Hittite argaman “tribute,” which is reflected in Akkadian argamannu “purple” (also “tribute” under Hittite influence), Ugaritic argmn “tax, purple,” Aramaic argwn “purple” (HALOT 84). Purple cloth and threads were considered very valuable (Ezek 27:7, 16) and were commonly worn by kings as a mark of their royal position (Judg 8:26).

[7:5]  ¹³ tn Alternately, “captivated.” The verb אָסַר (’asar, “to bind, capture, hold captive, put in prison”) is commonly used of binding a prisoner with cords and fetters (Gen 42:34; Judg 15:10-13; 16:5-12; 2 Kgs 17:4; 23:33; 25:7; 2 Chr 33:11) (HALOT 75 s.v. אסר). It is frequently used as a figure to depict absolute authority over a person (Ps 105:22). The passive participle סוּר means “to be bound, held captive, imprisoned” (2 Sam 3:34; Jer 40:1; Job 36:8). Like a prisoner bound in cords and fetters and held under the complete control and authority of his captor, Solomon was captivated by the spellbinding power of her hair. In a word, he was the prisoner of love and she was his captor. Similar imagery appears in an ancient Egyptian love song: “With her hair she throws lassoes at me, with her eyes she catches me, with her necklace she entangles me, and with her seal ring she brands me” (Song 43 in the Chester Beatty Cycle, translated by W. K. Simpson, ed., The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 324). J. S. Deere suggests, “The concluding part of the metaphor, ‘The king is held captive by your tresses,’ is a beautiful expression of the powerful effect of love. A strong monarch was held prisoner by the beauty of his Beloved” (“Song of Solomon,” BKCOT, 206-207). This is a startling statement because Solomon emphasizes that the one who was being held captive like a prisoner in bonds was the “king”! At this point in world history, Solomon was the ruler of the most powerful and wealthy nation in the world (1 Kgs 3:13; 10:23-29). And yet he was held totally captive and subject to the beauty of this country maiden!

[33:9]  ¹⁴ tn Or “earth” (KJV); NAB “the country.”

[33:9]  ¹⁵ tn Or “mourns” (BDB 5 s.v. I אָבַל). HALOT 6-7 lists homonyms I אבל (“mourn”) and II אבל (“dry up”). They propose the second here on the basis of parallelism. See 24:4.

[33:9]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “Lebanon is ashamed.” The Hiphil is exhibitive, expressing the idea, “exhibits shame.” In this context the statement alludes to the withering of vegetation.

[33:9]  ¹⁷ sn Sharon was a fertile plain along the Mediterranean coast. See 35:2.

[33:9]  ¹⁸ tn Or “the Arabah” (NIV). See 35:1.

[33:9]  ¹⁹ sn Both of these areas were known for their trees and vegetation. See 2:13; 35:2.

[33:9]  ²⁰ tn Heb “shake off [their leaves]” (so ASV, NRSV); NAB “are stripped bare.”

[35:2]  ²¹ tn The ambiguous verb form תִּפְרַח (tifrakh) is translated as a jussive because it is parallel to the jussive form תָגֵל (tagel).

[35:2]  ²² tn Heb “and let it rejoice, yes [with] rejoicing and shouting.” גִּילַת (gilat) may be an archaic feminine nominal form (see GKC 421 §130.b).

[35:2]  ²³ tn Or “glory” (KJV, NIV, NRSV); also a second time later in this verse.

[37:24]  ²⁴ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[37:24]  ²⁵ tn Heb “the height of its extremity”; ASV “its farthest height.”

[46:18]  ²⁶ tn Heb “Yahweh of armies.” For the significance of this title see the note at 2:19.

[46:18]  ²⁷ tn Heb “As I live, oracle of the King, whose….” The indirect quote has been chosen to create a smoother English sentence and avoid embedding a quote within a quote.

[46:18]  ²⁸ tn Heb “Like Tabor among the mountains and like Carmel by the sea he will come.” The addition of “conqueror” and “imposing” are implicit from the context and from the metaphor. They have been supplied in the translation to give the reader some idea of the meaning of the verse.