Discovery BoxExodus 34:6-7
Context34:6 The Lord passed by before him and proclaimed: 1 “The Lord, the Lord, 2 the compassionate and gracious 3 God, slow to anger, 4 and abounding in loyal love and faithfulness, 5 34:7 keeping loyal love for thousands, 6 forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin. But he by no means leaves the guilty unpunished, responding to the transgression 7 of fathers by dealing with children and children’s children, to the third and fourth generation.”
Nehemiah 9:17
Context9:17 They refused to obey and did not recall your miracles that you had performed among them. Instead, they rebelled and appointed a leader to return to their bondage in Egypt. 8 But you are a God of forgiveness, merciful and compassionate, slow to get angry and unfailing in your loyal love. 9 You did not abandon them,
Psalms 103:8
Context103:8 The Lord is compassionate and merciful;
he is patient 10 and demonstrates great loyal love. 11
Psalms 145:8
Context145:8 The Lord is merciful and compassionate;
he is patient 12 and demonstrates great loyal love. 13
Joel 2:13
Context2:13 Return to the Lord your God,
for he is merciful and compassionate,
slow to anger and boundless in loyal love 14 – often relenting from calamitous punishment. 15
Jonah 4:2
Context4:2 He prayed to the Lord and said, “Oh, Lord, this is just what I thought 16 would happen 17 when I was in my own country. 18 This is what I tried to prevent 19 by attempting to escape to Tarshish! 20 – because I knew 21 that you are gracious and compassionate, slow to anger 22 and abounding 23 in mercy, and one who relents concerning threatened judgment. 24
James 1:19
Context1:19 Understand this, my dear brothers and sisters! 25 Let every person be quick to listen, slow to speak, slow to anger.
[34:6] 1 tn Here is one of the clearest examples of what it means “to call on the name of the Lord,” as that clause has been translated traditionally (וַיִּקְרָא בְשֵׁם יְהוָה, vayyiqra’ vÿshem yÿhvah). It seems more likely that it means “to make proclamation of Yahweh by name.” Yahweh came down and made a proclamation – and the next verses give the content of what he said. This cannot be prayer or praise; it is a proclamation of the nature or attributes of God (which is what his “name” means throughout the Bible). Attempts to make Moses the subject of the verb are awkward, for the verb is repeated in v. 6 with Yahweh clearly doing the proclaiming.
[34:6] 2 sn U. Cassuto (Exodus, 439) suggests that these two names be written as a sentence: “Yahweh, He is Yahweh.” In this manner it reflects “I am that I am.” It is impossible to define his name in any other way than to make this affirmation and then show what it means.
[34:6] 3 tn See Exod 33:19.
[34:6] 4 sn This is literally “long of anger.” His anger prolongs itself, allowing for people to repent before punishment is inflicted.
[34:6] 5 sn These two words (“loyal love” and “truth”) are often found together, occasionally in a hendiadys construction. If that is the interpretation here, then it means “faithful covenant love.” Even if they are left separate, they are dual elements of a single quality. The first word is God’s faithful covenant love; the second word is God’s reliability and faithfulness.
[34:7] 6 tn That is, “for thousands of generations.”
[34:7] 7 sn As in the ten commandments (20:5-6), this expression shows that the iniquity and its punishment will continue in the family if left unchecked. This does not go on as long as the outcomes for good (thousands versus third or fourth generations), and it is limited to those who hate God.
[9:17] 8 tc The present translation follows a few medieval Hebrew
[9:17] 9 tc The translation follows the Qere reading חֶסֶד (khesed, “loyal love”) rather than the Kethib reading וְחֶסֶד (vÿkhesed, “and loyal love”) of the MT.
[103:8] 10 tn Heb “slow to anger” (see Ps 86:15).
[103:8] 11 tn Heb “and great of loyal love” (see Ps 86:15).
[145:8] 12 tn Heb “slow to anger” (see Pss 86:15; 103:8).
[145:8] 13 tn Heb “and great of loyal love” (see Pss 86:15; 103:8).
[2:13] 14 tn Heb “and great of loyal love.”
[2:13] 15 tn Heb “and he relents from calamity.”
[4:2] 16 tn Heb “my saying?” The first common singular suffix on דְבָרִי (dÿvari, “my saying”) functions as a subjective genitive: “I said.” The verb אָמַר (’amar, “to say”) here refers to the inner speech and thoughts of Jonah (see HALOT 66 s.v. אמר 4; BDB 56 s.v. אָמַר 2; e.g., Gen 17:17; Ruth 4:4; 1 Sam 20:26; Esth 6:6; Jonah 2:4). There is no hint anywhere else in the book that Jonah had argued with God when he was originally commissioned. While most English versions render it “I said” or “my saying,” a few take it as inner speech: “This is what I feared” (NEB), “It is just as I feared” (REB), “I knew from the very beginning” (CEV).
[4:2] 17 tn The phrase “would happen” does not appear in the Hebrew text but is supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity and smoothness.
[4:2] 18 tn Heb “Is this not my saying while I was in my own country?” The rhetorical question implies a positive answer (“Yes, this was the very thing that Jonah had anticipated would happen all along!”) so it is rendered as an emphatic declaration in the translation.
[4:2] 19 tn Or “This is why I originally fled to Tarshish.” The verb קָדַם (qadam) in the Piel stem has a broad range of meanings and here could mean: (1) “to go before, be in front of” (1 Sam 20:25; Ps 68:26); (2) “to do [something] beforehand,” (Ps 119:147); or (3) “to anticipate, to do [something] early, forestall [something]” (Ps 119:148). The lexicons nuance Jonah 4:2 as “to do [something] for the first time” (HALOT 1069 s.v. קדם 4) or “to do [something] beforehand” (BDB 870 s.v. קָדַם 3). The phrase קִדַּמְתִּי לִבְרֹחַ (qiddamti livroakh, “I did the first time to flee”) is an idiom that probably means “I originally fled” or “I fled the first time.” The infinitive construct לִבְרֹחַ (“to flee”) functions as an object complement. This phrase is translated variously by English versions, depending on the category of meaning chosen for קָדַם: (1) “to do [something] for the first time, beforehand”: “That is why I fled beforehand” (JPS, NJPS), “I fled before” (KJV), “I fled previously” (NKJV), “I fled at the beginning” (NRSV), “I first tried to flee” (NJB), “I fled at first” (NAB); (2) “to do [something] early, to hasten to do [something]”: “That is why I was so quick to flee” (NIV), “I hastened to flee” (ASV), “I made haste to flee” (RSV), “I did my best to run away” (TEV); and (3) “to anticipate, forestall [something]”: “it was to forestall this that I tried to escape to Tarshish” (REB), “to forestall it I tried to escape to Tarshish” (NEB), “in order to forestall this I fled” (NASB). The ancient versions also handle it variously: (1) “to do [something] early, to hasten to do [something]”: “Therefore I made haste to flee” (LXX), “That is why I hastened to run away” (Tg. Jonah 4:2); and (2) “to go before, to be in front”: “Therefore I went before to flee to Tarshish” (Vulgate). The two most likely options are (1) “to do [something] the first time” = “This is why I originally fled to Tarshish” and (2) “to anticipate, forestall [something]” = “This is what I tried to forestall [= prevent] by fleeing to Tarshish.”
[4:2] 20 tn See note on the phrase “to Tarshish” in 1:3.
[4:2] 21 tn Or “know.” What Jonah knew then he still knows about the
[4:2] 22 tn Heb “long of nostrils.” Because the nose often expresses anger through flared nostrils it became the source of this idiom meaning “slow to anger” (e.g., Exod 34:6; Num 14:18; Neh 9:17; Pss 86:15; 103:8; 145:8; Jer 15:15; Nah 1:3; BDB 74 s.v. אָרֵךְ).
[4:2] 23 tn Heb “great” (so KJV); ASV, NASB “abundant”; NAB “rich in clemency.”
[4:2] 24 tn Heb “calamity.” The noun רָעָה (ra’ah, “calamity, disaster”) functions as a metonymy of result – the cause being the threatened judgment (e.g., Exod 32:12, 14; 2 Sam 24:16; Jer 18:8; 26:13, 19; 42:10; Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2). The classic statement of God’s willingness to relent from judgment when a sinful people repent is Jer 18:1-11.
[1:19] 25 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:2.
