Discovery BoxExodus 26:1-37
Context26:1 1 “The tabernacle itself 2 you are to make with 3 ten curtains of fine twisted linen and blue and purple and scarlet; 4 you are to make them with 5 cherubim that are the work of an artistic designer. 26:2 The length of each 6 curtain is to be forty-two feet, and the width of each curtain is to be six feet 7 – the same size for each of the curtains. 26:3 Five curtains are to be joined, 8 one to another, 9 and the other 10 five curtains are to be joined, one to another. 26:4 You are to make loops of blue material along the edge of the end curtain in one set, and in the same way you are to make loops 11 in the outer edge of the end curtain in the second set. 26:5 You are to make fifty loops on the one curtain, and you are to make fifty loops on the end curtain which is on the second set, so that the loops are opposite one to another. 12 26:6 You are to make fifty gold clasps and join the curtains together with the clasps, so that the tabernacle is a unit. 13
26:7 “You are to make curtains of goats’ hair 14 for a tent over the tabernacle; 15 you are to make 16 eleven curtains. 26:8 The length of each 17 curtain is to be forty-five feet, and the width of each curtain is to be six feet – the same size for the eleven curtains. 26:9 You are to join five curtains by themselves and six curtains by themselves. You are to double over 18 the sixth curtain at the front of the tent. 26:10 You are to make fifty loops along the edge of the end curtain in one set and fifty loops along the edge of the curtain that joins the second set. 26:11 You are to make fifty bronze clasps and put the clasps into the loops and join the tent together so that it is a unit. 19 26:12 Now the part that remains of the curtains of the tent – the half curtain that remains will hang over at the back of the tabernacle. 20 26:13 The foot and a half 21 on the one side and the foot and a half on the other side of what remains in the length of the curtains of the tent will hang over the sides of the tabernacle, on one side and the other side, to cover it. 22
26:14 “You are to make a covering 23 for the tent out of ram skins dyed red and over that a covering of fine leather. 24
26:15 “You are to make the frames 25 for the tabernacle out of 26 acacia wood as uprights. 27 26:16 Each 28 frame is to be fifteen feet long, and each frame is to be two feet three inches wide, 26:17 with two projections 29 per frame parallel one to another. 30 You are to make all the frames of the tabernacle in this way. 26:18 So you are to make the frames for the tabernacle: twenty frames for the south side, 31 26:19 and you are to make forty silver bases to go under the twenty frames – two bases under the first frame for its two projections, and likewise 32 two bases under the next frame for its two projections; 26:20 and for the second side of the tabernacle, the north side, twenty frames, 26:21 and their forty silver bases, two bases under the first frame, and two bases under the next frame. 26:22 And for the back of the tabernacle on the west 33 you will make six frames. 26:23 You are to make two frames for the corners 34 of the tabernacle on the back. 26:24 At the two corners 35 they must be doubled at the lower end and finished together at the top in one ring. So it will be for both. 26:25 So there are to be eight frames and their silver bases, sixteen bases, two bases under the first frame, and two bases under the next frame.
26:26 “You are to make bars of acacia wood, five for the frames on one side of the tabernacle, 26:27 and five bars for the frames on the second side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the frames on the back of the tabernacle on the west. 26:28 The middle bar in the center of the frames will reach from end to end. 36 26:29 You are to overlay the frames with gold and make their rings of gold to provide places for the bars, and you are to overlay the bars with gold. 26:30 You are to set up the tabernacle according to the plan 37 that you were shown on the mountain.
26:31 “You are to make a special curtain 38 of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine twisted linen; it is to be made 39 with cherubim, the work of an artistic designer. 26:32 You are to hang it 40 with gold hooks 41 on four posts of acacia wood overlaid with gold, set in 42 four silver bases. 26:33 You are to hang this curtain under the clasps and bring the ark of the testimony in there behind the curtain. 43 The curtain will make a division for you between the Holy Place and the Most Holy Place. 44 26:34 You are to put the atonement lid on the ark of the testimony in the Most Holy Place. 26:35 You are to put the table outside the curtain and the lampstand on the south side of the tabernacle, opposite the table, and you are to place the table on the north side.
26:36 “You are to make a hanging 45 for the entrance of the tent of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer. 46 26:37 You are to make for the hanging five posts of acacia wood and overlay them with gold, and their hooks will be 47 gold, and you are to cast five bronze bases for them. 48
Exodus 27:9-19
Context27:9 “You are to make the courtyard 49 of the tabernacle. For the south side 50 there are to be hangings 51 for the courtyard of fine twisted linen, one hundred fifty feet long for one side, 52 27:10 with 53 twenty posts and their twenty bronze bases, with the hooks of the posts and their bands of silver. 27:11 Likewise 54 for its length on the north side, there are to be 55 hangings for one hundred fifty feet, with twenty posts and their twenty bronze bases, with silver hooks and bands 56 on the posts. 27:12 The width of the court on the west side is to be seventy-five feet with hangings, with their ten posts and their ten bases. 27:13 The width of the court on the east side, toward the sunrise, is to be seventy-five feet. 27:14 The hangings on one side 57 of the gate are to be 58 twenty-two and a half feet long, with their three posts and their three bases. 27:15 On the second side 59 there are to be 60 hangings twenty-two and a half feet long, with their three posts and their three bases. 27:16 For the gate of the courtyard there is to be a curtain of thirty feet, of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer, with four posts and their four bases. 27:17 All the posts around the courtyard are to have silver bands; 61 their hooks are to be 62 silver, and their bases bronze. 27:18 The length of the courtyard is to be one hundred fifty feet 63 and the width seventy-five feet, 64 and the height of the fine twisted linen hangings 65 is to be 66 seven and a half feet, with their bronze bases. 27:19 All 67 the utensils of the tabernacle used 68 in all its service, all its tent pegs, and all the tent pegs of the courtyard are to be made of bronze. 69
Exodus 36:8-38
Context36:8 All the skilled among those who were doing the work made the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twisted linen and blue and purple and scarlet; they were made with cherubim that were the work of an artistic designer. 36:9 The length of one curtain was forty-two feet, and the width of one curtain was six feet – the same size for each of the curtains. 36:10 He joined 70 five of the curtains to one another, and the other 71 five curtains he joined to one another. 36:11 He made loops of blue material along the edge of the end curtain in the first set; he did the same along the edge of the end curtain in the second set. 36:12 He made fifty loops on the first curtain, and he made fifty loops on the end curtain that was in the second set, with the loops opposite one another. 36:13 He made fifty gold clasps and joined the curtains together to one another with the clasps, so that the tabernacle was a unit. 72
36:14 He made curtains of goats’ hair for a tent over the tabernacle; he made eleven curtains. 73 36:15 The length of one curtain was forty-five feet, and the width of one curtain was six feet – one size for all eleven curtains. 36:16 He joined five curtains by themselves and six curtains by themselves. 36:17 He made fifty loops along the edge of the end curtain in the first set and fifty loops along the edge of the curtain that joined the second set. 36:18 He made fifty bronze clasps to join the tent together so that it might be a unit. 74 36:19 He made a covering for the tent out of ram skins dyed red and over that a covering of fine leather. 75
36:20 He made the frames 76 for the tabernacle of acacia wood 77 as uprights. 78 36:21 The length of each 79 frame was fifteen feet, the width of each 80 frame was two and a quarter feet, 36:22 with 81 two projections per frame parallel one to another. 82 He made all the frames of the tabernacle in this way. 36:23 So he made frames for the tabernacle: twenty frames for the south side. 36:24 He made forty silver bases under the twenty frames – two bases under the first frame for its two projections, and likewise 83 two bases under the next frame for its two projections, 36:25 and for the second side of the tabernacle, the north side, he made twenty frames 36:26 and their forty silver bases, two bases under the first frame and two bases under the next 84 frame. 36:27 And for the back of the tabernacle on the west he made six frames. 36:28 He made two frames for the corners of the tabernacle on the back. 36:29 At the two corners 85 they were doubled at the lower end and 86 finished together at the top in one ring. So he did for both. 36:30 So there were eight frames and their silver bases, sixteen bases, two bases under each frame.
36:31 He made bars of acacia wood, five for the frames on one side of the tabernacle 36:32 and five bars for the frames on the second side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the frames of the tabernacle for the back side on the west. 36:33 He made the middle bar to reach from end to end in the center of the frames. 36:34 He overlaid the frames with gold and made their rings of gold to provide places 87 for the bars, and he overlaid the bars with gold.
36:35 He made the special curtain of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine twisted linen; he made 88 it with cherubim, the work of an artistic designer. 36:36 He made for it four posts of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold, with gold hooks, 89 and he cast for them four silver bases.
36:37 He made a hanging for the entrance of the tent of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine twisted linen, the work of an embroiderer, 36:38 and its five posts and their hooks. He overlaid their tops 90 and their bands with gold, but their five bases were bronze. 91
[26:1] 1 sn This chapter is given over to the details of the structure itself, the curtains, coverings, boards and walls and veil. The passage can be studied on one level for its function both practically and symbolically for Israel’s worship. On another level it can be studied for its typology, for the tabernacle and many of its parts speak of Christ. For this one should see the commentaries.
[26:1] 2 tn The word order in Hebrew thrusts the direct object to the front for particular emphasis. After the first couple of pieces of furniture are treated (chap. 25), attention turns to the tabernacle itself.
[26:1] 3 tn This is for the adverbial accusative explaining how the dwelling place is to be made.
[26:1] 4 sn S. R. Driver suggests that the curtains were made with threads dyed with these colors (Exodus, 280). Perhaps the colored threads were used for embroidering the cherubim in the curtains.
[26:1] 5 tn The construction is difficult in this line because of the word order. “Cherubim” is an adverbial accusative explaining how they were to make the curtains. And מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵׁב (ma’aseh khoshev) means literally “work of a designer”; it is in apposition to “cherubim.” The Hebrew participle means “designer” or “deviser” so that one could render this “of artistic designs in weaving” (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 280-81). B. Jacob says that it refers to “artistic weavers” (Exodus, 789).
[26:2] 6 tn Heb “one” (so KJV).
[26:2] 7 tn Heb “twenty-eight cubits” long and “four cubits” wide.
[26:3] 8 tn This is the active participle, not the passive. It would normally be rendered “joining together.” The Bible uses the active because it has the result of the sewing in mind, namely, that every curtain accompanies another (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 348).
[26:3] 9 tn Heb “a woman to her sister,” this form of using nouns to express “one to another” is selected because “curtains” is a feminine noun (see GKC 448 §139.e).
[26:3] 10 tn The phrase “the other” has been supplied.
[26:4] 11 tn Here “loops” has been supplied.
[26:5] 12 tn Heb “a woman to her sister.”
[26:6] 13 tn Heb “one”; KJV “it shall be one tabernacle”; NRSV “that the tabernacle may be one whole”; NLT “a single unit.”
[26:7] 14 sn This chapter will show that there were two sets of curtains and two sets of coverings that went over the wood building to make the tabernacle or dwelling place. The curtains of fine linen described above could be seen only by the priests from inside. Above that was the curtain of goats’ hair. Then over that were the coverings, an inner covering of rams’ skins dyed red and an outer covering of hides of fine leather. The movement is from the inside to the outside because it is God’s dwelling place; the approach of the worshiper would be the opposite. The pure linen represented the righteousness of God, guarded by the embroidered cherubim; the curtain of goats’ hair was a reminder of sin through the daily sin offering of a goat; the covering of rams’ skins dyed red was a reminder of the sacrifice and the priestly ministry set apart by blood, and the outer covering marked the separation between God and the world. These are the interpretations set forth by Kaiser; others vary, but not greatly (see W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:459).
[26:7] 15 sn This curtain will serve “for a tent over the tabernacle,” as a dwelling place.
[26:7] 16 tn Heb “you will make them”
[26:9] 18 sn The text seems to describe this part as being in front of the tabernacle, hanging down to form a valence at the entrance (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 284).
[26:12] 20 sn U. Cassuto (Exodus, 353) cites b. Shabbat 98b which says, “What did the tabernacle resemble? A woman walking on the street with her train trailing behind her.” In the expression “the half of the curtain that remains,” the verb agrees in gender with the genitive near it.
[26:13] 21 tn Literally “cubit.”
[26:13] 22 sn U. Cassuto states the following: “To the north and to the south, since the tent curtains were thirty cubits long, there were ten cubits left over on each side; these covered the nine cubits of the curtains of the tabernacle and also the bottom cubit of the boards, which the tabernacle curtains did not suffice to cover. It is to this that v. 13 refers” (Exodus, 353).
[26:14] 23 sn Two outer coverings made of stronger materials will be put over the tent and the curtain, the two inner layers.
[26:14] 24 tn See the note on this phrase in Exod 25:5.
[26:15] 25 tn There is debate whether the word הַקְּרָשִׁים (haqqÿrashim) means “boards” (KJV, ASV, NAB, NASB) or “frames” (NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV) or “planks” (see Ezek 27:6) or “beams,” given the size of them. The literature on this includes M. Haran, “The Priestly Image of the Tabernacle,” HUCA 36 (1965): 192; B. A. Levine, “The Description of the Tabernacle Texts of the Pentateuch,” JAOS 85 (1965): 307-18; J. Morgenstern, “The Ark, the Ephod, and the Tent,” HUCA 17 (1942/43): 153-265; 18 (1943/44): 1-52.
[26:15] 26 tn “Wood” is an adverbial accusative.
[26:15] 27 tn The plural participle “standing” refers to how these items will be situated; they will be vertical rather than horizontal (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 354).
[26:16] 28 tn Heb “the frame.”
[26:17] 29 sn Heb “hands,” the reference is probably to projections that served as stays or supports. They may have been tenons, or pegs, projecting from the bottom of the frames to hold the frames in their sockets (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 286).
[26:17] 30 tn Or “being joined each to the other.”
[26:18] 31 tn Heb “on the south side southward.”
[26:19] 32 tn The clause is repeated to show the distributive sense; it literally says, “and two bases under the one frame for its two projections.”
[26:22] 33 tn Or “westward” (toward the sea).
[26:23] 34 sn The term rendered “corners” is “an architectural term for some kind of special corner structure. Here it seems to involve two extra supports, one at each corner of the western wall” (N. M. Sarna, Exodus [JPSTC], 170).
[26:24] 35 tn Heb “they will be for the two corners.” This is the last clause of the verse, moved forward for clarity.
[26:28] 36 sn These bars served as reinforcements to hold the upright frames together. The Hebrew term for these bars is also used of crossbars on gates (Judg 16:3; Neh 3:3).
[26:30] 37 tn The noun is מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat), often translated “judgment” or “decision” in other contexts. In those settings it may reflect its basic idea of custom, which here would be reflected with a rendering of “prescribed norm” or “plan.”
[26:31] 38 tn Although translated “curtain” (traditionally “veil,” so ASV, NAB, NASB) this is a different word from the one used earlier of the tent curtains, so “special curtain” is used. The word פָרֹכֶת (farokhet) seems to be connected with a verb that means “to shut off” and was used with a shrine. This curtain would form a barrier in the approach to God (see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 289).
[26:31] 39 tn The verb is the third masculine singular form, but no subject is expressed. It could be translated “one will make” or as a passive. The verb means “to make,” but probably has the sense of embroidering both here and in v. 1.
[26:32] 41 tn This clause simply says “and their hooks gold,” but is taken as a circumstantial clause telling how the veil will be hung.
[26:32] 42 tn Heb “on four silver bases.”
[26:33] 43 tn The traditional expression is “within the veil,” literally “into the house (or area) of the (special) curtain.”
[26:33] 44 tn Or “the Holy of Holies.”
[26:36] 45 sn This was another curtain, serving as a screen in the entrance way. Since it was far away from the special curtain screening the Most Holy Place, it was less elaborate. It was not the work of the master designer, but of the “embroiderer,” and it did not have the cherubim on it.
[26:36] 46 tn The word רֹקֵם (roqem) refers to someone who made cloth with colors. It is not certain, however, whether the colors were woven into the fabric on the loom or applied with a needle; so “embroiderer” should be understood as an approximation (cf. HALOT 1290-91 s.v. רקם).
[26:37] 47 tn “will be” has been supplied.
[26:37] 48 sn In all the details of this chapter the expositor should pay attention to the overall message rather than engage in speculation concerning the symbolism of the details. It is, after all, the divine instruction for the preparation of the dwelling place for Yahweh. The point could be said this way: The dwelling place of Yahweh must be prepared in accordance with, and by the power of, his divine word. If God was to fellowship with his people, then the center of worship had to be made to his specifications, which were in harmony with his nature. Everything was functional for the approach to God through the ritual by divine provisions. But everything also reflected the nature of God, the symmetry, the order, the pure wood, the gold overlay, or (closer to God) the solid gold. And the symbolism of the light, the table, the veil, the cherubim – all of it was revelatory. All of it reflected the reality in heaven. Churches today do not retain the pattern and furnishings of the old tabernacle. However, they would do well to learn what God was requiring of Israel, so that their structures are planned in accordance with the theology of worship and the theology of access to God. Function is a big part, but symbolism and revelation instruct the planning of everything to be used. Christians live in the light of the fulfillment of Christ, and so they know the realities that the old foreshadowed. While a building is not necessary for worship (just as Israel worshiped in places other than the sanctuary), it is practical, and if there is going to be one, then the most should be made of it in the teaching and worshiping of the assembly. This chapter, then, provides an inspiration for believers on preparing a functional, symbolical, ordered place of worship that is in harmony with the word of God. And there is much to be said for making it as beautiful and uplifting as is possible – as a gift of freewill offering to God. Of course, the most important part of preparing a place of worship is the preparing of the heart. Worship, to be acceptable to God, must be in Christ. He said that when the temple was destroyed he would raise it up in three days. While he referred to his own body, he also alluded to the temple by the figure. When they put Jesus to death, they were destroying the temple; at his resurrection he would indeed begin a new form of worship. He is the tent, the curtain, the atonement, that the sanctuary foreshadowed. And then, believers also (when they receive Christ) become the temple of the Lord. So the NT will take the imagery and teaching of this chapter in a number of useful ways that call for more study. This does not, however, involve allegorization of the individual tabernacle parts.
[27:9] 49 tn Or “enclosure” (TEV).
[27:9] 50 tn Heb “south side southward.”
[27:9] 52 sn The entire courtyard of 150 feet by 75 feet was to be enclosed by a curtain wall held up with posts in bases. All these hangings were kept in place by a cord and tent pegs.
[27:11] 55 tn Here the phrase “there will be” has been supplied.
[27:11] 56 sn These bands have been thought by some to refer to connecting rods joining the tops of the posts. But it is more likely that they are bands or bind rings surrounding the posts at the base of the capitals (see 38:17).
[27:14] 57 tn The word literally means “shoulder.” The next words, “of the gate,” have been supplied here and in v. 15. The east end would contain the courtyard’s entry with a wall of curtains on each side of the entry (see v. 16).
[27:14] 58 tn Here “will be” has been supplied.
[27:15] 60 tn Here the phrase “there will be” has been supplied.
[27:17] 61 tn The text uses the passive participle here: they are to “be filleted with silver” or “bound round” with silver.
[27:17] 62 tn Here the phrase “are to be” has been supplied.
[27:18] 63 tn Heb “a hundred cubits.”
[27:18] 64 tn Heb “fifty.” The text has “and the width fifty [cubits] with fifty.” This means that it is fifty cubits wide on the western end and fifty cubits wide on the eastern end.
[27:18] 65 tn Here “hangings” has been supplied.
[27:18] 66 tn Here the phrase “is to be” has been supplied.
[27:19] 67 tn Heb “to all”; for use of the preposition lamed (ל) to show inclusion (all belonging to) see GKC 458 §143.e.
[27:19] 68 tn Here “used” has been supplied.
[27:19] 69 sn The tabernacle is an important aspect of OT theology. The writer’s pattern so far has been: ark, table, lamp, and then their container (the tabernacle); then the altar and its container (the courtyard). The courtyard is the place of worship where the people could gather – they entered God’s courts. Though the courtyard may not seem of much interest to current readers, it did interest the Israelites. Here the sacrifices were made, the choirs sang, the believers offered their praises, they had their sins forgiven, they came to pray, they appeared on the holy days, and they heard from God. It was sacred because God met them there; they left the “world” (figuratively speaking) and came into the very presence of God.
[36:10] 70 tn The verb is singular since it probably is referring to Bezalel, but since he would not do all the work himself, it may be that the verbs could be given a plural subject: “they joined.”
[36:10] 71 tn The words “the other” have been supplied.
[36:14] 73 tn Heb “eleven curtains he made them.”
[36:18] 74 tn The construction uses the infinitive construct from the verb “to be” to express this purpose clause: “to be one,” or, “so that it might be a unit.”
[36:19] 75 tn See the note on this phrase in Exod 25:5.
[36:20] 76 tn There is debate whether the word הַקְּרָשִׁים (haqqÿrashim) means “boards” or “frames” or “planks” (see Ezek 27:6) or “beams,” given the size of them. The literature on this includes M. Haran, “The Priestly Image of the Tabernacle,” HUCA 36 (1965): 192; B. A. Levine, “The Description of the Tabernacle Texts of the Pentateuch,” JAOS 85 (1965): 307-18; J. Morgenstern, “The Ark, the Ephod, and the Tent,” HUCA 17 (1942/43): 153-265; 18 (1943/44): 1-52.
[36:20] 77 tn “Wood” is an adverbial accusative.
[36:20] 78 tn The plural participle “standing” refers to how these items will be situated; they will be vertical rather than horizontal (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 354).
[36:21] 79 tn Heb “the frame.”
[36:22] 81 tn Heb “two hands to the one frame.”
[36:22] 82 tn Heb “joined one to one.”
[36:24] 83 tn The clause is repeated to show the distributive sense; it literally says, “and two bases under the one frame for its two projections.”
[36:26] 84 tn Heb “under the one frame” again.
[36:29] 85 tn This is the last phrase of the verse, moved forward for clarity.
[36:29] 86 tn This difficult verse uses the perfect tense at the beginning, and the second clause parallels it with יִהְיוּ (yihyu), which has to be taken here as a preterite without the consecutive vav (ו). The predicate “finished” or “completed” is the word תָּמִּים (tammim); it normally means “complete, sound, whole,” and related words describe the sacrifices as without blemish.
[36:34] 87 tn Literally “houses”; i.e., places to hold the bars.
[36:35] 88 tn The verb is simply “he made” but as in Exod 26:31 it probably means that the cherubim were worked into the curtain with the yarn, and so embroidered on the curtain.
[36:36] 89 tn Heb “and their hooks gold.”
[36:38] 90 tn The word is “their heads”; technically it would be “their capitals” (so ASV, NAB, NRSV). The bands were bands of metal surrounding these capitals just beneath them. These are not mentioned in Exod 26:37, and it sounds like the posts are to be covered with gold. But the gradation of metals is what is intended: the posts at the entrance to the Most Holy Place are all of gold; the posts at the entrance to the tent are overlaid with gold at the top; and the posts at the entrance to the courtyard are overlaid with silver at the top (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 387, citing Dillmann without reference).
[36:38] 91 sn For a good summary of the differences between the instruction section and the completion section, and the reasons for the changes and the omissions, see B. Jacob, Exodus, 1022-23.
