Galatians 2:2

2:2 I went there ¹  because of ²  a revelation and presented ³  to them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles. But I did so ⁴  only in a private meeting with the influential people, ⁵  to make sure that I was not running – or had not run ⁶  – in vain.

Galatians 2:6

2:6 But from those who were influential ⁷  (whatever they were makes no difference to me; God shows no favoritism between people ⁸ ) – those influential leaders ⁹  added ¹⁰  nothing to my message. ¹¹ 

Galatians 2:12-14

2:12 Until ¹²  certain people came from James, he had been eating with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he stopped doing this ¹³  and separated himself ¹⁴  because he was afraid of those who were pro-circumcision. ¹⁵  2:13 And the rest of the Jews also joined with him in this hypocrisy, so that even Barnabas was led astray with them ¹⁶  by their hypocrisy. 2:14 But when I saw that they were not behaving consistently with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas ¹⁷  in front of them all, “If you, although you are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you try to force ¹⁸  the Gentiles to live like Jews?”

Matthew 16:18

16:18 And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades ¹⁹  will not overpower it.

Ephesians 2:20

2:20 because you have been built ²⁰  on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, ²¹  with Christ Jesus himself as ²²  the cornerstone. ²³ 

Revelation 3:12

3:12 The one who conquers ²⁴  I will make ²⁵  a pillar in the temple of my God, and he will never depart from it. I ²⁶  will write on him the name of my God and the name of the city of my God (the new Jerusalem that comes down out of heaven from my God), ²⁷  and my new name as well.

Revelation 21:14-20

21:14 The ²⁸  wall of the city has twelve foundations, and on them are the twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.

21:15 The angel ²⁹  who spoke to me had a golden measuring rod with which to measure the city and its foundation stones and wall. 21:16 Now ³⁰  the city is laid out as a square, ³¹  its length and width the same. He ³²  measured the city with the measuring rod ³³  at fourteen hundred miles ³⁴  (its length and width and height are equal). 21:17 He also measured its wall, one hundred forty-four cubits ³⁵  according to human measurement, which is also the angel’s. ³⁶  21:18 The city’s ³⁷  wall is made ³⁸  of jasper and the city is pure gold, like transparent glass. ³⁹  21:19 The foundations of the city’s wall are decorated ⁴⁰  with every kind of precious stone. The first foundation is jasper, the second sapphire, the third agate, ⁴¹  the fourth emerald, 21:20 the fifth onyx, ⁴²  the sixth carnelian, ⁴³  the seventh chrysolite, ⁴⁴  the eighth beryl, ⁴⁵  the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, ⁴⁶  the eleventh jacinth, ⁴⁷  and the twelfth amethyst.

[2:2]  ¹ tn Grk “I went up”; one always spoke idiomatically of going “up” to Jerusalem.

[2:2]  ² tn Or “in accordance with.” According to BDAG 512 s.v. κατά B.5.a.δ, “Oft. the norm is at the same time the reason, so that in accordance with and because of are merged…Instead of ‘in accordance w.’ κ. can mean simply because of, as a result of, on the basis of…κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Gal 2:2.”

[2:2]  ³ tn Or “set before them.”

[2:2]  ⁴ tn Grk “Gentiles, but only privately…to make sure.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started with “But” and the words “I did so,” an implied repetition from the previous clause, were supplied to make a complete English sentence.

[2:2]  ⁵ tn L&N 87.42 has “important persons, influential persons, prominent persons” for οἱ δοκοῦντες and translates this phrase in Gal 2:2 as “in a private meeting with the prominent persons.” The “prominent people” referred to here are the leaders of the Jerusalem church.

[2:2]  ⁶ tn Here the first verb (τρέχω, trecw, “was not running”) is present subjunctive, while the second (ἔδραμον, edramon, “had not run”) is aorist indicative.

[2:6]  ⁷ tn Or “influential leaders.” BDAG 255 s.v. δοκέω 2.a.β has “the influential men Gal 2:2, 6b. A fuller expr. w. the same mng., w. inf. added…vss. 6a, 9.” This refers to the leadership of the Jerusalem church.

[2:6]  ⁸ tn Grk “God does not receive the face of man,” an idiom for showing favoritism or partiality (BDAG 887-88 s.v. πρόσωπον 1.b.α; L&N 88.238).

[2:6]  ⁹ tn Or “influential people”; here “leaders” was used rather than “people” for stylistic reasons, to avoid redundancy with the word “people” in the previous parenthetical remark. See also the note on the word “influential” at the beginning of this verse.

[2:6]  ¹⁰ tn Or “contributed.” This is the same word translated “go to ask advice from” in 1:16, but it has a different meaning here; see L&N 59.72.

[2:6]  ¹¹ tn Or “added nothing to my authority.” Grk “added nothing to me,” with what was added (“message,” etc.) implied.

[2:12]  ¹² tn The conjunction γάρ has not been translated here.

[2:12]  ¹³ tn Grk “he drew back.” If ἑαυτόν (Jeauton) goes with both ὑπέστελλεν (Jupestellen) and ἀφώριζεν (afwrizen) rather than only the latter, the meaning would be “he drew himself back” (see BDAG 1041 s.v. ὑποστέλλω 1.a).

[2:12]  ¹⁴ tn Or “and held himself aloof.”

[2:12]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “the [ones] of the circumcision,” that is, the group of Jewish Christians who insisted on circumcision of Gentiles before they could become Christians.

[2:13]  ¹⁶ tn The words “with them” are a reflection of the σύν- (sun-) prefix on the verb συναπήχθη (sunaphcqh; see L&N 31.76).

[2:14]  ¹⁷ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[2:14]  ¹⁸ tn Here ἀναγκάζεις (anankazei") has been translated as a conative present (see ExSyn 534).

[16:18]  ¹⁹ tn Or “and the power of death” (taking the reference to the gates of Hades as a metonymy).

[2:20]  ²⁰ tn Grk “having been built.”

[2:20]  ²¹ sn Apostles and prophets. Because the prophets appear after the mention of the apostles and because they are linked together in 3:5 as recipients of revelation about the church, they are to be regarded not as Old Testament prophets, but as New Testament prophets.

[2:20]  ²² tn Grk “while Christ Jesus himself is” or “Christ Jesus himself being.”

[2:20]  ²³ tn Or perhaps “capstone” (NAB). The meaning of ἀκρογωνιαῖος (akrogwniaio") is greatly debated. The meaning “capstone” is proposed by J. Jeremias (TDNT 1:792), but the most important text for this meaning (T. Sol. 22:7-23:4) is late and possibly not even an appropriate parallel. The only place ἀκρογωνιαῖος is used in the LXX is Isa 28:16, and there it clearly refers to a cornerstone that is part of a foundation. Furthermore, the imagery in this context has the building growing off the cornerstone upward, whereas if Christ were the capstone, he would not assume his position until the building was finished, which vv. 21-22 argue against.

[3:12]  ²⁴ tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.”

[3:12]  ²⁵ tn Grk “I will make him,” but the pronoun (αὐτόν, auton, “him”) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated here.

[3:12]  ²⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[3:12]  ²⁷ sn This description of the city of my God is parenthetical, explaining further the previous phrase and interrupting the list of “new names” given here.

[21:14]  ²⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[21:15]  ²⁹ tn Grk “the one”; the referent (the angel of v. 9) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:16]  ³⁰ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the somewhat parenthetical nature of the description of the city.

[21:16]  ³¹ tn Or “the city lies square.” On κεῖμαι (keimai) in this context, BDAG 537 s.v. 2 states, “lie, of things…ἡ πόλις τετράγωνος κεῖται is laid out as a square Rv 21:16.”

[21:16]  ³² tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[21:16]  ³³ tn Grk “with the rod”; the word “measuring” is supplied from the description in v. 15.

[21:16]  ³⁴ tn Or “two thousand two hundred kilometers,” Grk “12,000 stades.” A stade was a measure of length about 607 ft (185 m).

[21:17]  ³⁵ tn Here the measurement was kept in cubits in the translation because of the possible symbolic significance of the number 144 (12 times 12). This is about 216 ft (65 m).

[21:17]  ³⁶ tn Here L&N 81.1 translate the phrase μέτρον ἀνθρώπου, ὅ ἐστιν ἀγγέλου (metron anqrwpou, {o estin angelou) “‘the unit of measurement used by a person, that is, by an angel’ Re 21:17.” It is more likely that μέτρον is an accusative of respect or reference.

[21:18]  ³⁷ tn Grk “and its wall”; the referent of the pronoun (the city) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[21:18]  ³⁸ tn The phrase ἡ ἐνδώμησις τοῦ τείχους (Jh endwmhsi" tou teicou") is difficult to translate precisely. BDAG 334 s.v. ἐνδώμησις states, “primary mng. ‘interior structure’; in our lit. prob.=construction, hence material τοῦ τείχους Rv 21:18.” The phrase could then be translated, “the foundation of the city wall was jasper” or “the material used for the wall of the city was jasper.” The latter alternative has been used in the translation because the text goes on to discuss the foundation in 21:19 (using the term θεμέλιος [qemelios]), which is somewhat redundant if the foundation is mentioned here.

[21:18]  ³⁹ tn Or “transparent crystal.” See L&N 6.222, which notes the emphasis is on transparency here. The same Greek word, καθαρός (kaqaros), means both “pure” (referring to the gold) and “transparent” (referring to the glass).

[21:19]  ⁴⁰ tn The perfect participle here has been translated as an intensive (resultative) perfect.

[21:19]  ⁴¹ sn Agate (also called chalcedony) is a semiprecious stone usually milky or gray in color (L&N 2.32).

[21:20]  ⁴² sn Onyx (also called sardonyx) is a semiprecious stone that comes in various colors (L&N 2.35).

[21:20]  ⁴³ sn Carnelian is a semiprecious gemstone, usually red in color (L&N 2.36).

[21:20]  ⁴⁴ sn Chrysolite refers to either quartz or topaz, golden yellow in color (L&N 2.37).

[21:20]  ⁴⁵ sn Beryl is a semiprecious stone, usually blue-green or green in color (L&N 2.38).

[21:20]  ⁴⁶ sn Chrysoprase is a greenish type of quartz (L&N 2.40).

[21:20]  ⁴⁷ sn Jacinth is a semiprecious stone, probably blue in color (also called “hyacinth,” but that translation is not used here because of possible confusion with the flower of the same name). See L&N 2.41.