Discovery BoxGenesis 29:32--30:24
Context29:32 So Leah became pregnant 1 and gave birth to a son. She named him Reuben, 2 for she said, “The Lord has looked with pity on my oppressed condition. 3 Surely my husband will love me now.”
29:33 She became pregnant again and had another son. She said, “Because the Lord heard that I was unloved, 4 he gave me this one too.” So she named him Simeon. 5
29:34 She became pregnant again and had another son. She said, “Now this time my husband will show me affection, 6 because I have given birth to three sons for him.” That is why he was named Levi. 7
29:35 She became pregnant again and had another son. She said, “This time I will praise the Lord.” That is why she named him Judah. 8 Then she stopped having children.
30:1 When Rachel saw that she could not give Jacob children, she 9 became jealous of her sister. She said to Jacob, “Give me children 10 or I’ll die!” 30:2 Jacob became furious 11 with Rachel and exclaimed, “Am I in the place of God, who has kept you from having children?” 12 30:3 She replied, “Here is my servant Bilhah! Have sexual relations with 13 her so that she can bear 14 children 15 for me 16 and I can have a family through her.” 17
30:4 So Rachel 18 gave him her servant Bilhah as a wife, and Jacob had marital relations with 19 her. 30:5 Bilhah became pregnant 20 and gave Jacob a son. 21 30:6 Then Rachel said, “God has vindicated me. He has responded to my prayer 22 and given me a son.” That is why 23 she named him Dan. 24
30:7 Bilhah, Rachel’s servant, became pregnant again and gave Jacob another son. 25 30:8 Then Rachel said, “I have fought a desperate struggle with my sister, but I have won.” 26 So she named him Naphtali. 27
30:9 When Leah saw that she had stopped having children, she gave 28 her servant Zilpah to Jacob as a wife. 30:10 Soon Leah’s servant Zilpah gave Jacob a son. 29 30:11 Leah said, “How fortunate!” 30 So she named him Gad. 31
30:12 Then Leah’s servant Zilpah gave Jacob another son. 32 30:13 Leah said, “How happy I am, 33 for women 34 will call me happy!” So she named him Asher. 35
30:14 At the time 36 of the wheat harvest Reuben went out and found some mandrake plants 37 in a field and brought them to his mother Leah. Rachel said to Leah, “Give me some of your son’s mandrakes.” 30:15 But Leah replied, 38 “Wasn’t it enough that you’ve taken away my husband? Would you take away my son’s mandrakes too?” “All right,” 39 Rachel said, “he may sleep 40 with you tonight in exchange for your son’s mandrakes.” 30:16 When Jacob came in from the fields that evening, Leah went out to meet him and said, “You must sleep 41 with me because I have paid for your services 42 with my son’s mandrakes.” So he had marital relations 43 with her that night. 30:17 God paid attention 44 to Leah; she became pregnant 45 and gave Jacob a son for the fifth time. 46 30:18 Then Leah said, “God has granted me a reward 47 because I gave my servant to my husband as a wife.” 48 So she named him Issachar. 49
30:19 Leah became pregnant again and gave Jacob a son for the sixth time. 50 30:20 Then Leah said, “God has given me a good gift. Now my husband will honor me because I have given him six sons.” So she named him Zebulun. 51
30:21 After that she gave birth to a daughter and named her Dinah.
30:22 Then God took note of 52 Rachel. He paid attention to her and enabled her to become pregnant. 53 30:23 She became pregnant 54 and gave birth to a son. Then she said, “God has taken away my shame.” 55 30:24 She named him Joseph, 56 saying, “May the Lord give me yet another son.”
Genesis 35:16-20
Context35:16 They traveled on from Bethel, and when Ephrath was still some distance away, 57 Rachel went into labor 58 – and her labor was hard. 35:17 When her labor was at its hardest, 59 the midwife said to her, “Don’t be afraid, for you are having another son.” 60 35:18 With her dying breath, 61 she named him Ben-Oni. 62 But his father called him Benjamin instead. 63 35:19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem). 64 35:20 Jacob set up a marker 65 over her grave; it is 66 the Marker of Rachel’s Grave to this day.
Genesis 46:8-27
Context46:8 These are the names of the sons of Israel who went to Egypt – Jacob and his sons:
Reuben, the firstborn of Jacob.
46:9 The sons of Reuben:
Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
46:10 The sons of Simeon:
Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar,
and Shaul (the son of a Canaanite woman).
46:11 The sons of Levi:
Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
46:12 The sons of Judah:
Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah
(but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan).
The sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul.
46:13 The sons of Issachar:
Tola, Puah, 67 Jashub, 68 and Shimron.
46:14 The sons of Zebulun:
Sered, Elon, and Jahleel.
46:15 These were the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan Aram, along with Dinah his daughter. His sons and daughters numbered thirty-three in all. 69
46:16 The sons of Gad:
Zephon, 70 Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi, and Areli.
46:17 The sons of Asher:
Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and Serah their sister.
The sons of Beriah were Heber and Malkiel.
46:18 These were the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter. She bore these to Jacob, sixteen in all.
46:19 The sons of Rachel the wife of Jacob:
Joseph and Benjamin.
46:20 Manasseh and Ephraim were born to Joseph in the land of Egypt. Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, 71 bore them to him.
46:21 The sons of Benjamin: 72
Bela, Beker, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim and Ard.
46:22 These were the sons of Rachel who were born to Jacob, fourteen in all.
46:23 The son of Dan: Hushim. 73
46:24 The sons of Naphtali:
Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem.
46:25 These were the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to Rachel his daughter. She bore these to Jacob, seven in all.
46:26 All the direct descendants of Jacob who went to Egypt with him were sixty-six in number. (This number does not include the wives of Jacob’s sons.) 74 46:27 Counting the two sons 75 of Joseph who were born to him in Egypt, all the people of the household of Jacob who were in Egypt numbered seventy. 76
Numbers 26:1-65
Context26:1 77 After the plague the Lord said to Moses and to Eleazar son of Aaron the priest, 78 26:2 “Take a census of the whole community of Israelites, from twenty years old and upward, by their clans, 79 everyone who can serve in the army of Israel.” 80 26:3 So Moses and Eleazar the priest spoke with them in the plains of Moab, by the Jordan River 81 across from Jericho. 82 They said, 26:4 “Number the people 83 from twenty years old and upward, just as the Lord commanded Moses and the Israelites who went out from the land of Egypt.”
26:5 Reuben was the firstborn of Israel. The Reubenites: from 84 Hanoch, the family of the Hanochites; from Pallu, the family of the Palluites; 26:6 from Hezron, the family of the Hezronites; from Carmi, the family of the Carmites. 26:7 These were the families of the Reubenites; and those numbered of them were 43,730. 85 26:8 Pallu’s descendant 86 was Eliab. 26:9 Eliab’s descendants were Nemuel, Dathan, and Abiram. It was Dathan and Abiram who as leaders of the community rebelled against Moses and Aaron with the followers 87 of Korah when they rebelled against the Lord. 26:10 The earth opened its mouth and swallowed them and Korah at the time that company died, when the fire consumed 250 men. So they became a warning. 26:11 But the descendants of Korah did not die.
26:12 The Simeonites by their families: from Nemuel, the family of the Nemuelites; from Jamin, the family of the Jaminites; from Jakin, the family of the Jakinites; 26:13 from Zerah, 88 the family of the Zerahites; and from Shaul, the family of the Shaulites. 26:14 These were the families of the Simeonites, 22,200. 89
26:15 The Gadites by their families: from Zephon, the family of the Zephonites; from Haggi, the family of the Haggites; from Shuni, the family of the Shunites; 26:16 from Ozni, 90 the family of the Oznites; from Eri, 91 the family of the Erites; 26:17 from Arod, 92 the family of the Arodites, and from Areli, the family of the Arelites. 26:18 These were the families of the Gadites according to those numbered of them, 40,500. 93
26:19 The descendants of Judah were Er and Onan, but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. 26:20 And the Judahites by their families were: from Shelah, the family of the Shelahites; from Perez, the family of the Perezites; and from Zerah, the family of the Zerahites. 26:21 And the Perezites were: from Hezron, the family of the Hezronites; from Hamul, 94 the family of the Hamulites. 26:22 These were the families of Judah according to those numbered of them, 76,500. 95
26:23 The Issacharites by their families: from Tola, the family of the Tolaites; from Puah, the family of the Puites; 26:24 from Jashub, the family of the Jashubites; and from Shimron, the family of the Shimronites. 26:25 These were the families of Issachar, according to those numbered of them, 64,300. 96
26:26 The Zebulunites by their families: from Sered, the family of the Sardites; from Elon, the family of the Elonites; from Jahleel, the family of the Jahleelites. 26:27 These were the families of the Zebulunites, according to those numbered of them, 60,500. 97
26:28 The descendants of Joseph by their families: Manasseh and Ephraim. 26:29 The Manassehites: from Machir, the family of the Machirites (now Machir became the father of Gilead); from Gilead, the family of the Gileadites. 26:30 These were the Gileadites: from Iezer, the family of the Iezerites; from Helek, the family of the Helekites; 26:31 from Asriel, the family of the Asrielites; from Shechem, the family of the Shechemites; 26:32 from Shemida, the family of the Shemidaites; from Hepher, the family of the Hepherites. 26:33 Now Zelophehad son of Hepher had no sons, but only daughters; and the names of the daughters of Zelophehad were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. 26:34 These were the families of Manasseh; those numbered of them were 52,700. 98
26:35 These are the Ephraimites by their families: from Shuthelah, the family of the Shuthelahites; from Beker, the family of the Bekerites; from Tahan, the family of the Tahanites. 26:36 Now these were the Shuthelahites: from Eran, the family of the Eranites. 26:37 These were the families of the Ephraimites, according to those numbered of them, 32,500. 99 These were the descendants of Joseph by their families.
26:38 The Benjaminites by their families: from Bela, the family of the Belaites; from Ashbel, the family of the Ashbelites; from Ahiram, the family of the Ahiramites; 26:39 from Shupham, 100 the family of the Shuphamites; from Hupham, the family of the Huphamites. 26:40 The descendants of Bela were Ard 101 and Naaman. From Ard, 102 the family of the Ardites; from Naaman, the family of the Naamanites. 26:41 These are the Benjaminites, according to their families, and according to those numbered of them, 45,600. 103
26:42 These are the Danites by their families: from Shuham, the family of the Shuhamites. These were the families of Dan, according to their families. 26:43 All the families of the Shuhahites according to those numbered of them were 64,400. 104
26:44 The Asherites by their families: from Imnah, the family of the Imnahites; from Ishvi, the family of the Ishvites; from Beriah, the family of the Beriahites. 26:45 From the Beriahites: from Heber, the family of the Heberites; from Malkiel, the family of the Malkielites. 26:46 Now the name of the daughter of Asher was Serah. 105 26:47 These are the families of the Asherites, according to those numbered of them, 53,400. 106
26:48 The Naphtalites by their families: from Jahzeel, the family of the Jahzeelites; from Guni, the family of the Gunites; 26:49 from Jezer, the family of the Jezerites; from Shillem, the family of the Shillemites. 26:50 These were the families of Naphtali according to their families; and those numbered of them were 45,400. 107
26:51 These were those numbered of the Israelites, 601,730. 108
26:52 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 26:53 “To these the land must be divided as an inheritance according to the number of the names. 26:54 To a larger group you will give a larger inheritance, 109 and to a smaller group you will give a smaller inheritance. 110 To each one its inheritance must be given according to the number of people in it. 111 26:55 The land must be divided by lot; and they will inherit in accordance with the names of their ancestral tribes. 26:56 Their inheritance must be apportioned 112 by lot among the larger and smaller groups.
26:57 And these are the Levites who were numbered according to their families: from Gershon, the family of the Gershonites; of Kohath, the family of the Kohathites; from Merari, the family of the Merarites. 26:58 These are the families of the Levites: the family of the Libnites, the family of the Hebronites, the family of the Mahlites, the family of the Mushites, the family of the Korahites. Kohath became the father of Amram. 26:59 Now the name of Amram’s wife was Jochebed, daughter of Levi, who was born 113 to Levi in Egypt. And to Amram she bore Aaron, Moses, and Miriam their sister. 26:60 And to Aaron were born Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. 26:61 But Nadab and Abihu died when they offered strange fire 114 before the Lord. 26:62 Those of them who were numbered were 23,000, all males from a month old and upward, for they were not numbered among the Israelites; no inheritance was given to them among the Israelites.
26:63 These are those who were numbered by Moses and Eleazar the priest, who numbered the Israelites in the plains of Moab along the Jordan River opposite Jericho. 115 26:64 But there was not a man among these who had been 116 among those numbered by Moses and Aaron the priest when they numbered the Israelites in the wilderness of Sinai. 26:65 For the Lord had said of them, “They will surely die in the wilderness.” And there was not left a single man of them, except Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua son of Nun.
[29:32] 1 tn Or “Leah conceived” (also in vv. 33, 34, 35).
[29:32] 2 sn The name Reuben (רְאוּבֵן, rÿ’uven) means “look, a son.”
[29:32] 3 tn Heb “looked on my affliction.”
[29:33] 4 tn Heb “hated.” See the note on the word “unloved” in v. 31.
[29:33] 5 sn The name Simeon (שִׁמְעוֹן, shim’on) is derived from the verbal root שָׁמַע (shama’) and means “hearing.” The name is appropriate since it is reminder that the
[29:34] 6 tn Heb “will be joined to me.”
[29:34] 7 sn The name Levi (לֵוִי, levi), the precise meaning of which is debated, was appropriate because it sounds like the verb לָוָה (lavah, “to join”), used in the statement recorded earlier in the verse.
[29:35] 8 sn The name Judah (יְהוּדָה, yÿhudah) means “he will be praised” and reflects the sentiment Leah expresses in the statement recorded earlier in the verse. For further discussion see W. F. Albright, “The Names ‘Israel’ and ‘Judah’ with an Excursus on the Etymology of Todah and Torah,” JBL 46 (1927): 151-85; and A. R. Millard, “The Meaning of the Name Judah,” ZAW 86 (1974): 216-18.
[30:1] 9 tn Heb “Rachel.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“she”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[30:2] 11 tn Heb “and the anger of Jacob was hot.”
[30:2] 12 tn Heb “who has withheld from you the fruit of the womb.”
[30:3] 13 tn Heb “go in to.” The expression “go in to” in this context refers to sexual intercourse.
[30:3] 14 tn After the imperative, the prefixed verbal form with the conjunction indicates the immediate purpose of the proposed activity.
[30:3] 15 tn The word “children” is not in the Hebrew text but has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[30:3] 16 tn Heb “upon my knees.” This is an idiomatic way of saying that Bilhah will be simply a surrogate mother. Rachel will adopt the child as her own.
[30:3] 17 tn Heb “and I will be built up, even I, from her.” The prefixed verbal form with the conjunction is subordinated to the preceding prefixed verbal form and gives the ultimate purpose for the proposed action. The idiom of “built up” here refers to having a family (see Gen 16:2, as well as Ruth 4:11 and BDB 125 s.v. בָנָה).
[30:4] 18 tn Heb “and she”; the referent (Rachel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[30:4] 19 tn Heb “went in to.” The expression “went in to” in this context refers to sexual intercourse.
[30:5] 20 tn Or “Bilhah conceived” (also in v. 7).
[30:5] 21 tn Heb “and she bore for Jacob a son.”
[30:6] 22 tn Heb “and also he has heard my voice.” The expression means that God responded positively to Rachel’s cry and granted her request.
[30:6] 24 sn The name Dan means “he vindicated” or “he judged.” The name plays on the verb used in the statement which appears earlier in the verse. The verb translated “vindicated” is from דִּין (din, “to judge, to vindicate”), the same verbal root from which the name is derived. Rachel sensed that God was righting the wrong.
[30:7] 25 tn Heb “and she became pregnant again and Bilhah, the servant of Rachel, bore a second son for Jacob.”
[30:8] 26 tn Heb “[with] a mighty struggle I have struggled with my sister, also I have prevailed.” The phrase “mighty struggle” reads literally “struggles of God.” The plural participle “struggles” reflects the ongoing nature of the struggle, while the divine name is used here idiomatically to emphasize the intensity of the struggle. See J. Skinner, Genesis (ICC), 387.
[30:8] 27 sn The name Naphtali (נַפְתָּלִי, naftali) must mean something like “my struggle” in view of the statement Rachel made in the preceding clause. The name plays on this earlier statement, “[with] a mighty struggle I have struggled with my sister.”
[30:9] 28 tn Heb “she took her servant Zilpah and gave her.” The verbs “took” and “gave” are treated as a hendiadys in the translation: “she gave.”
[30:10] 29 tn Heb “and Zilpah, the servant of Leah, bore for Jacob a son.”
[30:11] 30 tc The statement in the Kethib (consonantal text) appears to mean literally “with good fortune,” if one takes the initial בְּ (bet) as a preposition indicating accompaniment. The Qere (marginal reading) means “good fortune has arrived.”
[30:11] 31 sn The name Gad (גָּד, gad) means “good fortune.” The name reflects Leah’s feeling that good fortune has come her way, as expressed in her statement recorded earlier in the verse.
[30:12] 32 tn Heb “and Zilpah, the servant of Leah, bore a second son for Jacob.”
[30:13] 33 tn The Hebrew statement apparently means “with my happiness.”
[30:13] 34 tn Heb “daughters.”
[30:13] 35 sn The name Asher (אָשֶׁר, ’asher) apparently means “happy one.” The name plays on the words used in the statement which appears earlier in the verse. Both the Hebrew noun and verb translated “happy” and “call me happy,” respectively, are derived from the same root as the name Asher.
[30:14] 36 tn Heb “during the days.”
[30:14] 37 sn Mandrake plants were popularly believed to be an aphrodisiac in the culture of the time.
[30:15] 38 tn Heb “and she said to her”; the referent of the pronoun “she” (Leah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[30:15] 39 tn Heb “therefore.”
[30:15] 40 tn Heb “lie down.” The expression “lie down with” in this context (here and in the following verse) refers to sexual intercourse. The imperfect verbal form has a permissive nuance here.
[30:16] 41 tn Heb “must come in to me.” The imperfect verbal form has an obligatory nuance here. She has acquired him for the night and feels he is obligated to have sexual relations with her.
[30:16] 42 tn Heb “I have surely hired.” The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verbal form for emphasis. The name Issachar (see v. 18) seems to be related to this expression.
[30:16] 43 tn This is the same Hebrew verb (שָׁכַב, shakhav) translated “sleep with” in v. 15. In direct discourse the more euphemistic “sleep with” was used, but here in the narrative “marital relations” reflects more clearly the emphasis on sexual intercourse.
[30:17] 44 tn Heb “listened to.”
[30:17] 45 tn Or “she conceived” (also in v. 19).
[30:17] 46 tn Heb “and she bore for Jacob a fifth son,” i.e., this was the fifth son that Leah had given Jacob.
[30:18] 47 tn Heb “God has given my reward.”
[30:18] 48 tn The words “as a wife” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied for clarity (cf. v. 9).
[30:18] 49 sn The name Issachar (יְשָּׁשכָר, yishakhar) appears to mean “man of reward” or possibly “there is reward.” The name plays on the word used in the statement made earlier in the verse. The Hebrew noun translated “reward” is derived from the same root as the name Issachar. The irony is that Rachel thought the mandrakes would work for her, and she was willing to trade one night for them. But in that one night Leah became pregnant.
[30:19] 50 tn Heb “and she bore a sixth son for Jacob,” i.e., this was the sixth son that Leah had given Jacob.
[30:20] 51 sn The name Zebulun (זְבֻלוּן, zevulun) apparently means “honor.” The name plays on the verb used in the statement made earlier in the verse. The Hebrew verb translated “will honor” and the name Zebulun derive from the same root.
[30:22] 52 tn Heb “remembered.”
[30:22] 53 tn Heb “and God listened to her and opened up her womb.” Since “God” is the subject of the previous clause, the noun has been replaced by the pronoun “he” in the translation for stylistic reasons
[30:23] 55 tn Heb “my reproach.” A “reproach” is a cutting taunt or painful ridicule, but here it probably refers by metonymy to Rachel’s barren condition, which was considered shameful in this culture and was the reason why she was the object of taunting and ridicule.
[30:24] 56 sn The name Joseph (יוֹסֵף, yoseph) means “may he add.” The name expresses Rachel’s desire to have an additional son. In Hebrew the name sounds like the verb (אָסַף,’asasf) translated “taken away” in the earlier statement made in v. 23. So the name, while reflecting Rachel’s hope, was also a reminder that God had removed her shame.
[35:16] 57 tn Heb “and there was still a stretch of the land to go to Ephrath.”
[35:16] 58 tn Normally the verb would be translated “she gave birth,” but because that obviously had not happened yet, it is better to translate the verb as ingressive, “began to give birth” (cf. NIV) or “went into labor.”
[35:17] 59 tn The construction uses a Hiphil infinitive, which E. A. Speiser classifies as an elative Hiphil. The contrast is with the previous Piel: there “she had hard labor,” and here, “her labor was at its hardest.” Failure to see this, Speiser notes, has led to redundant translations and misunderstandings (Genesis [AB], 273).
[35:17] 60 sn Another son. The episode recalls and fulfills the prayer of Rachel at the birth of Joseph (Gen 30:24): “may he add” another son.
[35:18] 61 tn Heb “in the going out of her life, for she was dying.” Rachel named the child with her dying breath.
[35:18] 62 sn The name Ben-Oni means “son of my suffering.” It is ironic that Rachel’s words to Jacob in Gen 30:1, “Give me children or I’ll die,” take a different turn here, for it was having the child that brought about her death.
[35:18] 63 tn The disjunctive clause is contrastive.
[35:19] 64 sn This explanatory note links the earlier name Ephrath with the later name Bethlehem.
[35:20] 65 tn Heb “standing stone.”
[35:20] 66 tn Or perhaps “it is known as” (cf. NEB).
[46:13] 67 tc The MT reads “Puvah” (cf. Num 26:23); the Samaritan Pentateuch and Syriac read “Puah” (cf. 1 Chr 7:1).
[46:13] 68 tc The MT reads “Iob,” but the Samaritan Pentateuch and some LXX
[46:15] 69 tn Heb “all the lives of his sons and his daughters, thirty-three.”
[46:16] 70 tc The MT reads “Ziphion,” but see Num 26:15, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the LXX, all of which read “Zephon.”
[46:20] 71 sn On is another name for the city of Heliopolis.
[46:21] 72 sn The sons of Benjamin. It is questionable whether youthful Benjamin had ten sons by the time he went into Egypt, but it is not impossible. If Benjamin was born when Joseph was six or seven, he was ten when Joseph was sold into Egypt, and would have been thirty-two at this point. Some suggest that the list originally served another purpose and included the names of all who were in the immediate family of the sons, whether born in Canaan or later in Egypt.
[46:23] 73 tn This name appears as “Shuham” in Num 26:42. The LXX reads “Hashum” here.
[46:26] 74 tn Heb “All the people who went with Jacob to Egypt, the ones who came out of his body, apart from the wives of the sons of Jacob, all the people were sixty-six.”
[46:27] 75 tn The LXX reads “nine sons,” probably counting the grandsons of Joseph born to Ephraim and Manasseh (cf. 1 Chr 7:14-20).
[46:27] 76 tn Heb “And the sons of Joseph who were born to him in Egypt were two people; all the people belonging to the house of Jacob who came to Egypt were seventy.”
[26:1] 77 sn The breakdown of ch. 26 for outlining purposes will be essentially according to the tribes of Israel. The format and structure is similar to the first census, and so less comment is necessary here.
[26:1] 78 tc The MT has also “saying.”
[26:2] 79 tn Heb “house of their fathers.”
[26:2] 80 tn Heb “everyone who goes out in the army in Israel.”
[26:3] 81 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity (also in v. 62).
[26:3] 82 map For the location of Jericho see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[26:4] 83 tn “Number the people” is added here to the text for a smooth reading.
[26:5] 84 tc The Hebrew text has no preposition here, but one has been supplied in the translation for clarity. Cf. vv. 23, 30, 31, 32.
[26:7] 85 sn The Reubenites had decreased from 46,500 to 43,730.
[26:8] 86 tc The MT has “and the sons of Pallu.”
[26:9] 87 tn Or “company” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); Heb “congregation.”
[26:13] 88 tc This is “Zohar” in Exod 6:15 and Gen 46:10.
[26:14] 89 sn Before entering Sinai the tribe numbered 59,300, the third largest. Now it was about one-third its original size.
[26:16] 90 tc The MT of Gen 46:16 reads this as “Ezbon.”
[26:16] 91 tc The Greek version and Smr have “Ad[d]i,” probably by confusion of letters.
[26:17] 92 tc Gen 46:16 and the LXX here read “Arodi.”
[26:18] 93 sn The Gadites decreased from 45,650 to 40,500.
[26:21] 94 tc Smr and the Greek version have “Hamuel.”
[26:22] 95 sn The Judahites increased from 74,600 to 76,500.
[26:25] 96 sn The Issacharites increased from 54,400 to 64,300.
[26:27] 97 sn The Zebulunites showed a slight increase from 57,400 to 60,500.
[26:34] 98 sn The Manassehites increased from 32,200 to 52,700.
[26:37] 99 sn This is a significant reduction from the first count of 40,500.
[26:39] 100 tc With the exception of a few manuscripts the MT has Shephupham. The spelling in the translation above is supported by Smr and the ancient versions.
[26:40] 101 tc The LXX has Adar. Cf. 1 Chr 8:3.
[26:40] 102 tc “From Ard” is not in the Hebrew text.
[26:41] 103 sn The Benjaminites increased from 35,400 to 45,600. The Greek version has here 35,500.
[26:43] 104 sn The Danites increased from 62,700 to 64,400.
[26:46] 105 tn Also mentioned in 1 Chr 7:30.
[26:47] 106 sn The Asherites increased from 41,500 to 53,400.
[26:50] 107 sn The Naphtalites decreased from 53,400 to 45,400.
[26:51] 108 sn This number shows only a slightly smaller total in the second census; the first was 603,550.
[26:54] 109 tn Heb “to many you will multiply his inheritance.”
[26:54] 110 tn Heb “to a few you will lessen his inheritance.”
[26:54] 111 tn Heb “according to those that were numbered of him,” meaning, in accordance with the number of people in his clan.
[26:59] 113 tn Heb “who she bore him to Levi.” The verb has no expressed subject. Either one could be supplied, such as “her mother,” or it could be treated as a passive.
[26:61] 114 tn The expression אֵשׁ זָרָה (’esh zarah, “strange fire”) seems imprecise and has been interpreted numerous ways (see the helpful summary in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC 4], 132-33). The infraction may have involved any of the following or a combination thereof: (1) using coals from some place other than the burnt offering altar (i.e., “unauthorized coals” according to J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:598; cf. Lev 16:12 and cf. “unauthorized person” [אִישׁ זָר, ’ish zar] in Num 16:40 [17:5 HT], NASB “layman”), (2) using the wrong kind of incense (cf. the Exod 30:9 regulation against “strange incense” [קְטֹרֶת זָרָה, qÿtoret zarah] on the incense altar and the possible connection to Exod 30:34-38), (3) performing an incense offering at an unprescribed time (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 59), or (4) entering the Holy of Holies at an inappropriate time (Lev 16:1-2).
[26:63] 115 map For the location of Jericho see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
