Genesis 24:7

24:7 “The Lord, the God of heaven, who took me from my father’s house and the land of my relatives, ¹  promised me with a solemn oath, ²  ‘To your descendants I will give this land.’ He will send his angel ³  before you so that you may find ⁴  a wife for my son from there.

Exodus 23:20

The Angel of the Presence

23:20 ⁵ “I am going to send ⁶  an angel ⁷  before you to protect you as you journey ⁸  and to bring you into the place that I have prepared. ⁹ 

Exodus 33:2

33:2 I will send an angel ¹⁰  before you, and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. ¹¹ 

Psalms 1:3

1:3 He is like ¹²  a tree planted by flowing streams; ¹³ 

it ¹⁴  yields ¹⁵  its fruit at the proper time, ¹⁶ 

and its leaves never fall off. ¹⁷ 

He succeeds in everything he attempts. ¹⁸ 

Psalms 91:11

91:11 For he will order his angels ¹⁹ 

to protect you in all you do. ²⁰ 

Daniel 3:28

3:28 Nebuchadnezzar exclaimed, ²¹  “Praised be the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who has sent forth his angel ²²  and has rescued his servants who trusted in him, ignoring ²³  the edict of the king and giving up their bodies rather than ²⁴  serve or pay homage to any god other than their God!

Hebrews 1:14

1:14 Are they not all ministering spirits, sent out to serve those ²⁵  who will inherit salvation?

Revelation 22:8

22:8 I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things, ²⁶  and when I heard and saw them, ²⁷  I threw myself down ²⁸  to worship at the feet of the angel who was showing them to me.

Revelation 22:16

22:16 “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star!” ²⁹ 

[24:7]  ¹ tn Or “the land of my birth.”

[24:7]  ² tn Heb “and who spoke to me and who swore to me, saying.”

[24:7]  ³ tn Or “his messenger.”

[24:7]  ⁴ tn Heb “before you and you will take.”

[23:20]  ⁵ sn This passage has some of the most interesting and perplexing expressions and constructions in the book. It is largely promise, but it is part of the Law and so demands compliance by faith. Its points are: God promises to send his angel to prepare the way before his obedient servants (20-23); God promises blessing for his loyal servants (24-33). So in the section one learns that God promises his protection (victory) and blessing (through his angel) for his obedient and loyal worshipers.

[23:20]  ⁶ tn The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) with the active participle indicates imminent future, something God is about to do.

[23:20]  ⁷ sn The word is מַלְאָךְ (mal’akh, “messenger, angel”). This angel is to be treated with the same fear and respect as Yahweh, for Yahweh will be speaking in him. U. Cassuto (Exodus, 305-6) says that the words of the first clause do not imply a being distinct from God, for in the ancient world the line of demarcation between the sender and the sent is liable easily to be blurred. He then shows how the “Angel of Yahweh” in Genesis is Yahweh. He concludes that the words here mean “I will guide you.” Christian commentators tend to identify the Angel of Yahweh as the second person of the Trinity (W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:446). However, in addition to being a preincarnate appearance, the word could refer to Yahweh – some manifestation of Yahweh himself.

[23:20]  ⁸ tn Heb “protect you in the way.”

[23:20]  ⁹ tn The form is the Hiphil perfect of the verb כּוּן (kun, “to establish, prepare”).

[33:2]  ¹⁰ sn This seems not to be the same as the Angel of the Presence introduced before.

[33:2]  ¹¹ sn See T. Ishida, “The Structure and Historical Implications of Lists of Pre-Israelite Nations,” Bib (1979): 461-90.

[1:3]  ¹² tn The Hebrew perfect verbal form with vav (ו) consecutive here carries the same characteristic force as the imperfect in the preceding verse. According to the psalmist, the one who studies and obeys God’s commands typically prospers.

[1:3]  ¹³ tn Heb “channels of water.”

[1:3]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “which.”

[1:3]  ¹⁵ tn The Hebrew imperfect verbal forms in v. 3 draw attention to the typical nature of the actions/states they describe.

[1:3]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “in its season.”

[1:3]  ¹⁷ tn Or “fade”; “wither.”

[1:3]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and all which he does prospers”; or “and all which he does he causes to prosper.” (The simile of the tree does not extend to this line.) It is not certain if the Hiphil verbal form (יַצְלִיחַ, yatsliakh) is intransitive-exhibitive (“prospers”) or causative (“causes to prosper”) here. If the verb is intransitive, then כֹּל (kol, “all, everything”) is the subject. If the verb is causative, then the godly individual or the Lord himself is the subject and כֹּל is the object. The wording is reminiscent of Josh 1:8, where the Lord tells Joshua: “This law scroll must not leave your lips! You must memorize it day and night so you can carefully obey all that is written in it. Then you will prosper (literally, “cause your way to prosper”) and be successful.”

[91:11]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “for his angels he will command concerning you.”

[91:11]  ²⁰ tn Heb “in all your ways.”

[3:28]  ²¹ tn Aram “answered and said.”

[3:28]  ²² sn The king identifies the “son of the gods” (v. 25) as an angel. Comparable Hebrew expressions are used elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible for the members of God’s angelic assembly (see Gen 6:2, 4; Job 1:6; 2:1; 38:7; Pss 29:1; 89:6). An angel later comes to rescue Daniel from the lions (Dan 6:22).

[3:28]  ²³ tn Aram “they changed” or “violated.”

[3:28]  ²⁴ tn Aram “so that they might not.”

[1:14]  ²⁵ tn Grk “sent for service for the sake of those.”

[22:8]  ²⁶ tn Or “I am John, the one who heard and saw these things.”

[22:8]  ²⁷ tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[22:8]  ²⁸ tn Grk “I fell down and worshiped at the feet.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”

[22:16]  ²⁹ tn On this expression BDAG 892 s.v. πρωϊνός states, “early, belonging to the morning ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρ. the morning star, Venus Rv 2:28; 22:16.”