Jeremiah 27:5-7

27:5 “I made the earth and the people and animals on it by my mighty power and great strength, ¹  and I give it to whomever I see fit. ²  27:6 I have at this time placed all these nations of yours under the power ³  of my servant, ⁴  King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. I have even made all the wild animals subject to him. ⁵  27:7 All nations must serve him and his son and grandson ⁶  until the time comes for his own nation to fall. ⁷  Then many nations and great kings will in turn subjugate Babylon. ⁸ 

Jeremiah 50:37

50:37 Destructive forces will come against her horses and her ⁹  chariots.

Destructive forces will come against all the foreign troops within her; ¹⁰ 

they will be as frightened as women! ¹¹ 

Destructive forces will come against her treasures;

they will be taken away as plunder!

Jeremiah 51:53

51:53 Even if Babylon climbs high into the sky ¹² 

and fortifies her elevated stronghold, ¹³ 

I will send destroyers against her,” ¹⁴ 

says the Lord. ¹⁵ 

Ezekiel 29:19-20

29:19 Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to give the land of Egypt to King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon. He will carry off her wealth, capture her loot, and seize her plunder; it will be his army’s wages. 29:20 I have given him the land of Egypt as his compensation for attacking Tyre ¹⁶ , because they did it for me, declares the sovereign Lord.

[27:5]  ¹ tn Heb “by my great power and my outstretched arm.” Again “arm” is symbolical for “strength.” Compare the similar expression in 21:5.

[27:5]  ² sn See Dan 4:17 for a similar statement.

[27:6]  ³ tn Heb “have given…into the hand of.”

[27:6]  ⁴ sn See the study note on 25:9 for the significance of the application of this term to Nebuchadnezzar.

[27:6]  ⁵ tn Heb “I have given…to him to serve him.” The verb “give” in this syntactical situation is functioning like the Hiphil stem, i.e., as a causative. See Dan 1:9 for parallel usage. For the usage of “serve” meaning “be subject to” compare 2 Sam 22:44 and BDB 713 s.v. עָבַד 3.

[27:7]  ⁶ sn This is a figure that emphasizes that they will serve for a long time but not for an unlimited duration. The kingdom of Babylon lasted a relatively short time by ancient standards. It lasted from 605 b.c. when Nebuchadnezzar defeated Necho at Carchemish until the fall of Babylon in 538 b.c. There were only four rulers. Nebuchadnezzar was succeeded by his son, Evil Merodach (cf. 52:31), and two other rulers who were not descended from him.

[27:7]  ⁷ tn Heb “until the time of his land, even his, comes.” The independent pronoun is placed here for emphasis on the possessive pronoun. The word “time” is used by substitution for the things that are done in it (compare in the NT John 2:4; 7:30; 8:20 “his hour had not yet come”).

[27:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “him.” This is a good example of the figure of substitution where the person is put for his descendants or the nation or subject he rules. (See Gen 28:13-14 for another good example and Acts 22:7 in the NT.)

[50:37]  ⁹ tn Hebrew has “his” in both cases here whereas the rest of the possessive pronouns throughout vv. 35-37 are “her.” There is no explanation for this switch unless the third masculine singular refers as a distributive singular to the soldiers mentioned in the preceding verse (cf. GKC 464 §145.l). This is probably the case here, but to refer to “their horses and their chariots” in the midst of all the “her…” might create more confusion than what it is worth to be that pedantic.

[50:37]  ¹⁰ tn Or “in the country,” or “in her armies”; Heb “in her midst.”

[50:37]  ¹¹ tn Heb “A sword against his horses and his chariots and against all the mixed company [or mixed multitude] in her midst and they will become like women.” The sentence had to be split up because it is too long and the continuation of the second half with its consequential statement would not fit together with the first half very well. Hence the subject and verb have been repeated. The Hebrew word translated “foreign troops” (עֶרֶב, ’erev) is the same word that is used in 25:20 to refer to the foreign peoples living in Egypt and in Exod 12:38 for the foreign people that accompanied Israel out of Egypt. Here the word is translated contextually to refer to foreign mercenaries, an identification that most of the commentaries and many of the modern English versions accept (see, e.g., J. Bright, Jeremiah [AB], 355; NRSV; NIV). The significance of the simile “they will become like women” has been spelled out for the sake of clarity.

[51:53]  ¹² tn Or “ascends [into] heaven.” Note the use of the phrase in Deut 30:12; 2 Kgs 2:11; and Amos 9:2.

[51:53]  ¹³ tn Heb “and even if she fortifies her strong elevated place.”

[51:53]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “from me destroyers will go against her.”

[51:53]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”

[29:20]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “for which he worked,” referring to the assault on Tyre (v. 18).