Job 17:13-14

17:13 If ¹  I hope for the grave to be my home,

if I spread out my bed in darkness,

17:14 If I cry ²  to corruption, ³  ‘You are my father,’

and to the worm, ‘My Mother,’ or ‘My sister,’

Psalms 88:3-5

88:3 For my life ⁴  is filled with troubles

and I am ready to enter Sheol. ⁵ 

88:4 They treat me like ⁶  those who descend into the grave. ⁷ 

I am like a helpless man, ⁸ 

88:5 adrift ⁹  among the dead,

like corpses lying in the grave,

whom you remember no more,

and who are cut off from your power. ¹⁰ 

Isaiah 38:10-14

38:10 “I thought, ¹¹ 

‘In the middle of my life ¹²  I must walk through the gates of Sheol,

I am deprived ¹³  of the rest of my years.’

38:11 “I thought,

‘I will no longer see the Lord ¹⁴  in the land of the living,

I will no longer look on humankind with the inhabitants of the world. ¹⁵ 

38:12 My dwelling place ¹⁶  is removed and taken away ¹⁷  from me

like a shepherd’s tent.

I rolled up my life like a weaver rolls cloth; ¹⁸ 

from the loom he cuts me off. ¹⁹ 

You turn day into night and end my life. ²⁰ 

38:13 I cry out ²¹  until morning;

like a lion he shatters all my bones;

you turn day into night and end my life. ²² 

38:14 Like a swallow or a thrush I chirp,

I coo ²³  like a dove;

my eyes grow tired from looking up to the sky. ²⁴ 

O sovereign master, ²⁵  I am oppressed;

help me! ²⁶ 

[17:13]  ¹ tn The clause begins with אִם (’im) which here has more of the sense of “since.” E. Dhorme (Job, 253) takes a rather rare use of the word to get “Can I hope again” (see also GKC 475 §150.f for the caveat).

[17:14]  ² tn This is understood because the conditional clauses seem to run to the apodosis in v. 15.

[17:14]  ³ tn The word שַׁחַת (shakhat) may be the word “corruption” from a root שָׁחַת (shakhat, “to destroy”) or a word “pit” from שׁוּחַ (shuakh, “to sink down”). The same problem surfaces in Ps 16:10, where it is parallel to “Sheol.” E. F. Sutcliffe, The Old Testament and the Future Life, 76ff., defends the meaning “corruption.” But many commentators here take it to mean “the grave” in harmony with “Sheol.” But in this verse “worms” would suggest “corruption” is better.

[88:3]  ⁴ tn Or “my soul.”

[88:3]  ⁵ tn Heb “and my life approaches Sheol.”

[88:4]  ⁶ tn Heb “I am considered with.”

[88:4]  ⁷ tn Heb “the pit.” The noun בּוֹר (bor, “pit,” “cistern”) is sometimes used of the grave and/or the realm of the dead.

[88:4]  ⁸ tn Heb “I am like a man [for whom] there is no help.”

[88:5]  ⁹ tn Heb “set free.”

[88:5]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “from your hand.”

[38:10]  ¹¹ tn Or “I said” (KJV, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[38:10]  ¹² tn The precise meaning of the phrase בִּדְמִי יָמַי (bidmi yamay, “in the [?] of my days”) is uncertain. According to HALOT 226 s.v. דְּמִי this word is a hapax legomenon meaning “half.” Others derive the form from דַּמִי (dami, “quiet, rest, peacefulness”).

[38:10]  ¹³ tn The precise meaning of the verb is uncertain. The Pual of of פָּקַד (paqad) occurs only here and in Exod 38:21, where it appears to mean “passed in review” or “mustered.” Perhaps the idea is, “I have been called away for the remainder of my years.” To bring out the sense more clearly, one can translate, “I am deprived of the rest of my years.”

[38:11]  ¹⁴ tn The Hebrew text has יָהּ יָהּ (yah yah, the abbreviated form of יְהוָה [yÿhvah] repeated), but this is probably a corruption of יְהוָה.

[38:11]  ¹⁵ tc The Hebrew text has חָדֶל (khadel), which appears to be derived from a verbal root meaning “to cease, refrain.” But the form has probably suffered an error of transmission; the original form (attested in a few medieval Hebrew mss) was likely חֶלֶד (kheled, “world”).

[38:12]  ¹⁶ tn According to HALOT 217 s.v. דּוֹר this noun is a hapax legomenon meaning “dwelling place,” derived from a verbal root meaning “live” (see Ps 84:10). For an interpretation that understands the form as the well-attested noun meaning “generation,” see J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:679, n. 4.

[38:12]  ¹⁷ tn The verb form appears to be a Niphal from גָּלָה (galah), which normally means “uncovered, revealed” in the Niphal. Because of the following reference to a shepherd’s tent, some prefer to emend the form to וְנָגַל, a Niphal from גָלָל (galal, “roll”) and translate “is rolled [or “folded”] up.”

[38:12]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “I rolled up, like a weaver, my life” (so ASV).

[38:12]  ¹⁹ sn For a discussion of the imagery employed here, see J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:684.

[38:12]  ²⁰ tn Heb “from day to night you bring me to an end.”

[38:13]  ²¹ tn The verb form in the Hebrew text is a Piel from שָׁוַה (shavah). There are two homonyms שָׁוַה, one meaning in the Piel “level, smooth out,” the other “set, place.” Neither fits in v. 13. It is likely that the original reading was שִׁוַּעְתִּי (shivva’ti, “I cry out”) from the verbal root שָׁוַע (shava’), which occurs exclusively in the Piel.

[38:13]  ²² tn Heb “from day to night you bring me to an end.”

[38:14]  ²³ tn Or “moan” (ASV, NAB, NASB, NRSV); KJV, CEV “mourn.”

[38:14]  ²⁴ tn Heb “my eyes become weak, toward the height.”

[38:14]  ²⁵ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in v. 16 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[38:14]  ²⁶ tn Heb “stand surety for me.” Hezekiah seems to be picturing himself as a debtor who is being exploited; he asks that the Lord might relieve his debt and deliver him from the oppressive creditor.