Job 17:13-14

17:13 If ¹  I hope for the grave to be my home,

if I spread out my bed in darkness,

17:14 If I cry ²  to corruption, ³  ‘You are my father,’

and to the worm, ‘My Mother,’ or ‘My sister,’

Job 21:13

21:13 They live out ⁴  their years in prosperity

and go down ⁵  to the grave ⁶  in peace.

Job 21:26

21:26 Together they lie down in the dust,

and worms cover over them both.

Job 30:23

30:23 I know that you are bringing ⁷  me to death,

to the meeting place for all the living.

Ecclesiastes 12:7

12:7 and the dust returns to the earth as it was,

and the life’s breath ⁸  returns to God who gave it.

Isaiah 38:10-11

38:10 “I thought, ⁹ 

‘In the middle of my life ¹⁰  I must walk through the gates of Sheol,

I am deprived ¹¹  of the rest of my years.’

38:11 “I thought,

‘I will no longer see the Lord ¹²  in the land of the living,

I will no longer look on humankind with the inhabitants of the world. ¹³ 

[17:13]  ¹ tn The clause begins with אִם (’im) which here has more of the sense of “since.” E. Dhorme (Job, 253) takes a rather rare use of the word to get “Can I hope again” (see also GKC 475 §150.f for the caveat).

[17:14]  ² tn This is understood because the conditional clauses seem to run to the apodosis in v. 15.

[17:14]  ³ tn The word שַׁחַת (shakhat) may be the word “corruption” from a root שָׁחַת (shakhat, “to destroy”) or a word “pit” from שׁוּחַ (shuakh, “to sink down”). The same problem surfaces in Ps 16:10, where it is parallel to “Sheol.” E. F. Sutcliffe, The Old Testament and the Future Life, 76ff., defends the meaning “corruption.” But many commentators here take it to mean “the grave” in harmony with “Sheol.” But in this verse “worms” would suggest “corruption” is better.

[21:13]  ⁴ tc The Kethib has “they wear out” but the Qere and the versions have יְכַלּוּ (yÿkhallu, “bring to an end”). The verb כָּלָה (kalah) means “to finish; to complete,” and here with the object “their days,” it means that they bring their life to a (successful) conclusion. Both readings are acceptable in the context, with very little difference in the overall meaning (which according to Gordis is proof the Qere does not always correct the Kethib).

[21:13]  ⁵ tc The MT has יֵחָתּוּ (yekhattu, “they are frightened [or broken]”), taking the verb from חָתַת (khatat, “be terrified”). But most would slightly repoint it to יֵחָתוּ (yekhatu), an Aramaism, “they go down,” from נָחַת (nakhat, “go down”). See Job 17:16.

[21:13]  ⁶ tn The word רֶגַע (rega’) has been interpreted as “in a moment” or “in peace” (on the basis of Arabic raja`a, “return to rest”). Gordis thinks this is a case of talhin – both meanings present in the mind of the writer.

[30:23]  ⁷ tn The imperfect verb would be a progressive imperfect, it is future, but it is also already underway.

[12:7]  ⁸ tn Or “spirit.” The likely referent is the life’s breath that originates with God. See Eccl 3:19, as well as Gen 2:7; 6:17; 7:22.

[38:10]  ⁹ tn Or “I said” (KJV, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[38:10]  ¹⁰ tn The precise meaning of the phrase בִּדְמִי יָמַי (bidmi yamay, “in the [?] of my days”) is uncertain. According to HALOT 226 s.v. דְּמִי this word is a hapax legomenon meaning “half.” Others derive the form from דַּמִי (dami, “quiet, rest, peacefulness”).

[38:10]  ¹¹ tn The precise meaning of the verb is uncertain. The Pual of of פָּקַד (paqad) occurs only here and in Exod 38:21, where it appears to mean “passed in review” or “mustered.” Perhaps the idea is, “I have been called away for the remainder of my years.” To bring out the sense more clearly, one can translate, “I am deprived of the rest of my years.”

[38:11]  ¹² tn The Hebrew text has יָהּ יָהּ (yah yah, the abbreviated form of יְהוָה [yÿhvah] repeated), but this is probably a corruption of יְהוָה.

[38:11]  ¹³ tc The Hebrew text has חָדֶל (khadel), which appears to be derived from a verbal root meaning “to cease, refrain.” But the form has probably suffered an error of transmission; the original form (attested in a few medieval Hebrew mss) was likely חֶלֶד (kheled, “world”).