Job 18:18

18:18 He is driven ¹  from light into darkness

and is banished from the world.

Isaiah 8:22

8:22 When one looks out over the land, he sees ²  distress and darkness, gloom ³  and anxiety, darkness and people forced from the land. ⁴ 

John 12:35

12:35 Jesus replied, ⁵  “The light is with you for a little while longer. ⁶  Walk while you have the light, so that the darkness may not overtake you. ⁷  The one who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going.

John 12:1

Jesus’ Anointing

12:1 Then, six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus lived, whom he ⁸  had raised from the dead.

John 2:11

2:11 Jesus did this as the first of his miraculous signs, ⁹  in Cana ¹⁰  of Galilee. In this way he revealed ¹¹  his glory, and his disciples believed in him. ¹² 

Jude 1:13

1:13 wild sea waves, ¹³  spewing out the foam of ¹⁴  their shame; ¹⁵  wayward stars ¹⁶  for whom the utter depths of eternal darkness ¹⁷  have been reserved.

[18:18]  ¹ tn The verbs in this verse are plural; without the expressed subject they should be taken in the passive sense.

[8:22]  ² tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV, NASB).

[8:22]  ³ tn The precise meaning of מְעוּף (mÿ’uf) is uncertain; the word occurs only here. See BDB 734 s.v. מָעוּף.

[8:22]  ⁴ tn Heb “ and darkness, pushed.” The word מְנֻדָּח (mÿnudakh) appears to be a Pual participle from נדח (“push”), but the Piel is unattested for this verb and the Pual occurs only here.

[12:35]  ⁵ tn Grk “Then Jesus said to them.”

[12:35]  ⁶ tn Grk “Yet a little while the light is with you.”

[12:35]  ⁷ sn The warning Walk while you have the light, so that the darkness may not overtake you operates on at least two different levels: (1) To the Jewish people in Jerusalem to whom Jesus spoke, the warning was a reminder that there was only a little time left for them to accept him as their Messiah. (2) To those later individuals to whom the Fourth Gospel was written, and to every person since, the words of Jesus are also a warning: There is a finite, limited time in which each individual has opportunity to respond to the Light of the world (i.e., Jesus); after that comes darkness. One’s response to the Light decisively determines one’s judgment for eternity.

[12:1]  ⁸ tn Grk “whom Jesus,” but a repetition of the proper name (Jesus) here would be redundant in the English clause structure, so the pronoun (“he”) is substituted in the translation.

[2:11]  ⁹ tn This sentence in Greek involves an object-complement construction. The force can be either “Jesus did this as,” or possibly “Jesus made this to be.” The latter translation accents not only Jesus’ power but his sovereignty too. Cf. also 4:54 where the same construction occurs.

[2:11]  ¹⁰ map For location see Map1 C3; Map2 D2; Map3 C5.

[2:11]  ¹¹ tn Grk “in Cana of Galilee, and he revealed.”

[2:11]  ¹² tn Or “his disciples trusted in him,” or “his disciples put their faith in him.”

[1:13]  ¹³ tn Grk “wild waves of the sea.”

[1:13]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “foaming, causing to foam.” The verb form is intensive and causative. BDAG 360 s.v. ἐπαφρίζω suggests the meaning “to cause to splash up like froth, cause to foam,” or, in this context, “waves casting up their own shameless deeds like (dirty) foam.”

[1:13]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “shames, shameful things.” It is uncertain whether shameful deeds or shameful words are in view. Either way, the picture has taken a decided turn: Though waterless clouds and fruitless trees may promise good things, but deliver nothing, wild sea-waves are portents of filth spewed forth from the belly of the sea.

[1:13]  ¹⁶ sn The imagery of a star seems to fit the nautical theme that Jude is developing. Stars were of course the guides to sailors at night, just as teachers are responsible to lead the flock through a benighted world. But false teachers, as wayward stars, are not fixed and hence offer unreliable, even disastrous guidance. They are thus both the dangerous reefs on which the ships could be destroyed and the false guides, leading them into these rocks. There is a special irony that these lights will be snuffed out, reserved for the darkest depths of eternal darkness.

[1:13]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “utter darkness of darkness for eternity.” See note on the word “utter” in v. 6.