John 18:32

18:32 (This happened ¹  to fulfill the word Jesus had spoken when he indicated ²  what kind of death he was going to die. ³ )

John 21:19

21:19 (Now Jesus ⁴  said this to indicate clearly by what kind of death Peter ⁵  was going to glorify God.) ⁶  After he said this, Jesus told Peter, ⁷  “Follow me.”

[18:32]  ¹ tn The words “This happened” are not in the Greek text but are implied.

[18:32]  ² tn Or “making clear.”

[18:32]  ³ sn A reference to John 12:32.

[21:19]  ⁴ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:19]  ⁵ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Peter) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:19]  ⁶ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author. The phrase by what kind of death Peter was going to glorify God almost certainly indicates martyrdom (cf. 1 Pet 4:16), and it may not predict anything more than that. But the parallelism of this phrase to similar phrases in John 12:33 and 18:32 which describe Jesus’ own death by crucifixion have led many to suggest that the picture Jesus is portraying for Peter looks not just at martyrdom but at death by crucifixion. This seems to be confirmed by the phrase you will stretch out your hands in the preceding verse. There is some evidence that the early church understood this and similar phrases (one of them in Isa 65:2) to refer to crucifixion (for a detailed discussion of the evidence see L. Morris, John [NICNT], 876, n. 52). Some have objected that if this phrase does indeed refer to crucifixion, the order within v. 18 is wrong, because the stretching out of the hands in crucifixion precedes the binding and leading where one does not wish to go. R. E. Brown (John [AB], 2:1108) sees this as a deliberate reversal of the normal order (hysteron proteron) intended to emphasize the stretching out of the hands. Another possible explanation for the unusual order is the Roman practice in crucifixions of tying the condemned prisoner’s arms to the crossbeam (patibulum) and forcing him to carry it to the place of execution (W. Bauer as cited by O. Cullmann in Peter: Disciple, Apostle, Martyr [LHD], 88).

[21:19]  ⁷ tn Grk “After he said this, he said to him”; the referents (first Jesus, second Peter) have been specified in the translation for clarity.