Discovery BoxJohn 8:31-58
Context8:31 Then Jesus said to those Judeans 1 who had believed him, “If you continue to follow my teaching, 2 you are really 3 my disciples 8:32 and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.” 4 8:33 “We are descendants 5 of Abraham,” they replied, 6 “and have never been anyone’s slaves! How can you say, 7 ‘You will become free’?” 8:34 Jesus answered them, “I tell you the solemn truth, 8 everyone who practices 9 sin is a slave 10 of sin. 8:35 The slave does not remain in the family 11 forever, but the son remains forever. 12 8:36 So if the son 13 sets you free, you will be really free. 8:37 I know that you are Abraham’s descendants. 14 But you want 15 to kill me, because my teaching 16 makes no progress among you. 17 8:38 I am telling you the things I have seen while with the 18 Father; 19 as for you, 20 practice the things you have heard from the 21 Father!”
8:39 They answered him, 22 “Abraham is our father!” 23 Jesus replied, 24 “If you are 25 Abraham’s children, you would be doing 26 the deeds of Abraham. 8:40 But now you are trying 27 to kill me, a man who has told you 28 the truth I heard from God. Abraham did not do this! 29 8:41 You people 30 are doing the deeds of your father.”
Then 31 they said to Jesus, 32 “We were not born as a result of immorality! 33 We have only one Father, God himself.” 8:42 Jesus replied, 34 “If God were your Father, you would love me, for I have come from God and am now here. 35 I 36 have not come on my own initiative, 37 but he 38 sent me. 8:43 Why don’t you understand what I am saying? It is because you cannot accept 39 my teaching. 40 8:44 You people 41 are from 42 your father the devil, and you want to do what your father desires. 43 He 44 was a murderer from the beginning, and does not uphold the truth, 45 because there is no truth in him. Whenever he lies, 46 he speaks according to his own nature, 47 because he is a liar and the father of lies. 48 8:45 But because I am telling you 49 the truth, you do not believe me. 8:46 Who among you can prove me guilty 50 of any sin? 51 If I am telling you 52 the truth, why don’t you believe me? 8:47 The one who belongs to 53 God listens and responds 54 to God’s words. You don’t listen and respond, 55 because you don’t belong to God.” 56
8:48 The Judeans 57 replied, 58 “Aren’t we correct in saying 59 that you are a Samaritan and are possessed by a demon?” 60 8:49 Jesus answered, “I am not possessed by a demon, 61 but I honor my Father – and yet 62 you dishonor me. 8:50 I am not trying to get 63 praise for myself. 64 There is one who demands 65 it, and he also judges. 66 8:51 I tell you the solemn truth, 67 if anyone obeys 68 my teaching, 69 he will never see death.” 70
8:52 Then 71 the Judeans 72 responded, 73 “Now we know you’re possessed by a demon! 74 Both Abraham and the prophets died, and yet 75 you say, ‘If anyone obeys 76 my teaching, 77 he will never experience 78 death.’ 79 8:53 You aren’t greater than our father Abraham who died, are you? 80 And the prophets died too! Who do you claim to be?” 8:54 Jesus replied, 81 “If I glorify myself, my glory is worthless. 82 The one who glorifies me is my Father, about whom you people 83 say, ‘He is our God.’ 8:55 Yet 84 you do not know him, but I know him. If I were to say that I do not know him, 85 I would be a liar like you. But I do know him, and I obey 86 his teaching. 87 8:56 Your father Abraham was overjoyed 88 to see my day, and he saw it and was glad.” 89
8:57 Then the Judeans 90 replied, 91 “You are not yet fifty years old! 92 Have 93 you seen Abraham?” 8:58 Jesus said to them, “I tell you the solemn truth, 94 before Abraham came into existence, 95 I am!” 96
[8:31] 1 tn Grk “to the Jews.” In NT usage the term ᾿Ιουδαῖοι (Ioudaioi) may refer to the entire Jewish people, the residents of Jerusalem and surrounding territory (i.e., “Judeans”), the authorities in Jerusalem, or merely those who were hostile to Jesus. (For further information see R. G. Bratcher, “‘The Jews’ in the Gospel of John,” BT 26 [1975]: 401-9; also BDAG 479 s.v. ᾿Ιουδαῖος 2.e.) Here the phrase refers to the Jewish people in Jerusalem who had been listening to Jesus’ teaching in the temple and had believed his claim to be the Messiah, hence, “those Judeans who had believed him.” The term “Judeans” is preferred here to the more general “people” because the debate concerns descent from Abraham (v. 33).
[8:31] 2 tn Grk “If you continue in my word.”
[8:32] 4 tn Or “the truth will release you.” The translation “set you free” or “release you” (unlike the more traditional “make you free”) conveys more the idea that the hearers were currently in a state of slavery from which they needed to be freed. The following context supports precisely this idea.
[8:33] 5 tn Grk “We are the seed” (an idiom).
[8:33] 6 tn Grk “They answered to him.”
[8:33] 7 tn Or “How is it that you say.”
[8:34] 8 tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”
[8:34] 9 tn Or “who commits.” This could simply be translated, “everyone who sins,” but the Greek is more emphatic, using the participle ποιῶν (poiwn) in a construction with πᾶς (pas), a typical Johannine construction. Here repeated, continuous action is in view. The one whose lifestyle is characterized by repeated, continuous sin is a slave to sin. That one is not free; sin has enslaved him. To break free from this bondage requires outside (divine) intervention. Although the statement is true at the general level (the person who continually practices a lifestyle of sin is enslaved to sin) the particular sin of the Jewish authorities, repeatedly emphasized in the Fourth Gospel, is the sin of unbelief. The present tense in this instance looks at the continuing refusal on the part of the Jewish leaders to acknowledge who Jesus is, in spite of mounting evidence.
[8:34] 10 tn See the note on the word “slaves” in 4:51.
[8:35] 11 tn Or “household.” The Greek work οἰκία (oikia) can denote the family as consisting of relatives by both descent and marriage, as well as slaves and servants, living in the same house (more the concept of an “extended family”).
[8:35] 12 sn Jesus’ point is that while a slave may be part of a family or household, the slave is not guaranteed a permanent place there, while a son, as a descendant or blood relative, will always be guaranteed a place in the family (remains forever).
[8:36] 13 tn Or “Son.” The question is whether “son” is to be understood as a direct reference to Jesus himself, or as an indirect reference (a continuation of the generic illustration begun in the previous verse).
[8:37] 14 tn Grk “seed” (an idiom).
[8:37] 15 tn Grk “you are seeking.”
[8:37] 17 tn Or “finds no place in you.” The basic idea seems to be something (in this case Jesus’ teaching) making headway or progress where resistance is involved. See BDAG 1094 s.v. χωρέω 2.
[8:38] 18 tc The first person pronoun μου (mou, “my”) may be implied, especially if ὑμῶν (Jumwn, “your”) follows the second mention of “father” in this verse (as it does in the majority of
[8:38] 19 tn Grk “The things which I have seen with the Father I speak about.”
[8:38] 21 tc A few significant witnesses lack ὑμῶν (Jumwn, “your”) here (Ì66,75 B L W 070 pc), while the majority have the pronoun (א C D Θ Ψ 0250 Ë1,13 33 565 892 Ï al lat sy). However, these
[8:39] 22 tn Grk “They answered and said to him.”
[8:39] 23 tn Or “Our father is Abraham.”
[8:39] 24 tn Grk “Jesus said to them.”
[8:39] 25 tc Although most
[8:39] 26 tc Some important
[8:40] 28 tn Grk “has spoken to you.”
[8:40] 29 tn The Greek word order is emphatic: “This Abraham did not do.” The emphasis is indicated in the translation by an exclamation point.
[8:41] 30 tn The word “people” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied in English to clarify the plural Greek pronoun and verb.
[8:41] 31 tc ‡ Important and early witnesses (א B L W 070 it sys,p co) lack the conjunction here, while the earliest witnesses along with many others read οὖν (oun, “therefore”; Ì66,75 C D Θ Ψ 0250 Ë13 33 Ï). This conjunction occurs in John some 200 times, far more than in any other NT book. Even though the combined testimony of two early papyri for the conjunction is impressive, the reading seems to be a predictable scribal emendation. In particular, οὖν is frequently used with the plural of εἶπον (eipon, “they said”) in John (in this chapter alone, note vv. 13, 39, 48, 57, and possibly 52). On balance, it is probably best to consider the shorter reading as authentic, even though “Then” is virtually required in translation for English stylistic reasons. NA27 has the conjunction in brackets, indicating some doubt as to its authenticity.
[8:41] 32 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) is specified in the translation for clarity.
[8:41] 33 sn We were not born as a result of immorality! is ironic, because Jesus’ opponents implied that it was not themselves but Jesus who had been born as a result of immoral behavior. This shows they did not know Jesus’ true origin and were not aware of the supernatural events surrounding his birth. The author does not even bother to refute the opponents’ suggestion but lets it stand, assuming his readers will know the true story.
[8:42] 34 tn Grk “Jesus said to them.”
[8:42] 35 tn Or “I came from God and have arrived.”
[8:42] 36 tn Grk “For I.” Here γάρ (gar) has not been translated.
[8:42] 37 tn Grk “from myself.”
[8:42] 38 tn Grk “that one” (referring to God).
[8:43] 39 tn Grk “you cannot hear,” but this is not a reference to deafness, but rather hearing in the sense of listening to something and responding to it.
[8:44] 41 tn The word “people” is supplied in the translation to clarify that the Greek pronoun and verb are plural.
[8:44] 42 tn Many translations read “You are of your father the devil” (KJV, ASV, RSV, NASB) or “You belong to your father, the devil” (NIV), but the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek) emphasizes the idea of source or origin. Jesus said his opponents were the devil’s very offspring (a statement which would certainly infuriate them).
[8:44] 43 tn Grk “the desires of your father you want to do.”
[8:44] 44 tn Grk “That one” (referring to the devil).
[8:44] 45 tn Grk “he does not stand in the truth” (in the sense of maintaining, upholding, or accepting the validity of it).
[8:44] 46 tn Grk “Whenever he speaks the lie.”
[8:44] 47 tn Grk “he speaks from his own.”
[8:44] 48 tn Grk “because he is a liar and the father of it.”
[8:45] 49 tn Or “because I tell you.”
[8:46] 50 tn Or “can convict me.”
[8:46] 51 tn Or “of having sinned”; Grk “of sin.”
[8:46] 52 tn Or “if I tell you.”
[8:47] 54 tn Grk “to God hears” (in the sense of listening to something and responding to it).
[8:47] 55 tn Grk “you do not hear” (in the sense of listening to something and responding to it).
[8:47] 56 tn Grk “you are not of God.”
[8:48] 57 tn Grk “the Jews.” See the note on this term in v. 31. Here the phrase refers to the Jewish people in Jerusalem (“Judeans”; cf. BDAG 479 s.v. ᾿Ιουδαῖος 2.e) who had been listening to Jesus’ teaching in the temple courts (8:20) and had initially believed his claim to be the Messiah (cf. 8:31). They had become increasingly hostile as Jesus continued to teach. Now they were ready to say that Jesus was demon-possessed.
[8:48] 58 tn Grk “answered and said to him.”
[8:48] 59 tn Grk “Do we not say rightly.”
[8:48] 60 tn Grk “and have a demon.” It is not clear what is meant by the charge Σαμαρίτης εἶ σὺ καὶ δαιμόνιον ἔχεις (Samarith" ei su kai daimonion ecei"). The meaning could be “you are a heretic and are possessed by a demon.” Note that the dual charge gets one reply (John 8:49). Perhaps the phrases were interchangeable: Simon Magus (Acts 8:14-24) and in later traditions Dositheus, the two Samaritans who claimed to be sons of God, were regarded as mad, that is, possessed by demons.
[8:49] 61 tn Grk “I do not have a demon.”
[8:49] 62 tn “Yet” is supplied to show the contrastive element present in the context.
[8:50] 63 tn Grk “I am not seeking.”
[8:50] 66 tn Or “will be the judge.”
[8:51] 67 tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”
[8:51] 68 tn Grk “If anyone keeps.”
[8:51] 70 tn Grk “he will never see death forever.” The Greek negative here is emphatic.
[8:52] 71 tc ‡ Important and early witnesses (Ì66 א B C W Θ 579 it) lack the conjunction here, while other witnesses read οὖν (oun, “therefore”; Ì75 D L Ψ 070 Ë1,13 33 Ï lat). This conjunction occurs in John some 200 times, far more than in any other NT book. Even though the most important Johannine papyrus (Ì75) has the conjunction, the combination of Ì66 א B for the omission is even stronger. Further, the reading seems to be a predictable scribal emendation. In particular, οὖν is frequently used with the plural of εἶπον (eipon, “they said”) in John (in this chapter alone, note vv. 13, 39, 48, 57, and possibly 41). On balance, it is probably best to consider the shorter reading as authentic, even though “Then” is virtually required in translation for English stylistic reasons. NA27 has the conjunction in brackets, indicating some doubt as to its authenticity.
[8:52] 72 tn Grk “the Jews.” See the note on this term in v. 31. Here, as in vv. 31 and 48, the phrase refers to the Jewish people in Jerusalem (“Judeans”; cf. BDAG 479 s.v. ᾿Ιουδαῖος 2.e) who had been listening to Jesus’ teaching in the temple courts (8:20) and had initially believed his claim to be the Messiah (cf. 8:31).
[8:52] 73 tn Grk “said to him.”
[8:52] 74 tn Grk “you have a demon.”
[8:52] 75 tn “Yet” has been supplied to show the contrastive element present in the context.
[8:52] 76 tn Grk “If anyone keeps.”
[8:52] 78 tn Grk “will never taste.” Here the Greek verb does not mean “sample a small amount” (as a typical English reader might infer from the word “taste”), but “experience something cognitively or emotionally; come to know something” (cf. BDAG 195 s.v. γεύομαι 2).
[8:52] 79 tn Grk “he will never taste of death forever.” The Greek negative here is emphatic.
[8:53] 80 tn Questions prefaced with μή (mh) in Greek anticipate a negative answer. This can sometimes be indicated by using a “tag” at the end in English (here the tag is “are you?”).
[8:54] 81 tn Grk “Jesus answered.”
[8:54] 82 tn Grk “is nothing.”
[8:54] 83 tn The word “people” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied in English to clarify the plural Greek pronoun and verb.
[8:55] 84 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “Yet” to indicate the contrast present in the context.
[8:55] 85 tn Grk “If I say, ‘I do not know him.’”
[8:56] 88 tn Or “rejoiced greatly.”
[8:56] 89 tn What is the meaning of Jesus’ statement that the patriarch Abraham “saw” his day and rejoiced? The use of past tenses would seem to refer to something that occurred during the patriarch’s lifetime. Genesis Rabbah 44:25ff, (cf. 59:6) states that Rabbi Akiba, in a debate with Rabbi Johanan ben Zakkai, held that Abraham had been shown not this world only but the world to come (this would include the days of the Messiah). More realistically, it is likely that Gen 22:13-15 lies behind Jesus’ words. This passage, known to rabbis as the Akedah (“Binding”), tells of Abraham finding the ram which will replace his son Isaac on the altar of sacrifice – an occasion of certain rejoicing.
[8:57] 90 tn Grk “Then the Jews.” See the note on this term in v. 31. Here, as in vv. 31, 48, and 52, the phrase refers to the Jewish people in Jerusalem (“Judeans”; cf. BDAG 479 s.v. ᾿Ιουδαῖος 2.e) who had been listening to Jesus’ teaching in the temple courts (8:20) and had initially believed his claim to be the Messiah (cf. 8:31). They have now become completely hostile, as John 8:59 clearly shows.
[8:57] 91 tn Grk “said to him.”
[8:57] 92 tn Grk ‘You do not yet have fifty years” (an idiom).
[8:58] 94 tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”
[8:58] 95 tn Grk “before Abraham was.”
[8:58] 96 sn I am! is an explicit claim to deity. Although each occurrence of the phrase “I am” in the Fourth Gospel needs to be examined individually in context to see if an association with Exod 3:14 is present, it seems clear that this is the case here (as the response of the Jewish authorities in the following verse shows).
