Joshua 12:4

12:4 The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites, ¹  who lived ²  in Ashtaroth and Edrei

Deuteronomy 1:4

1:4 This took place after the defeat ³  of King Sihon ⁴  of the Amorites, whose capital was ⁵  in Heshbon, ⁶  and King Og of Bashan, whose capital was ⁷  in Ashtaroth, ⁸  specifically in Edrei. ⁹ 

Deuteronomy 1:1

The Covenant Setting

1:1 This is what ¹⁰  Moses said to the assembly of Israel ¹¹  in the Transjordanian ¹²  wastelands, the arid country opposite ¹³  Suph, ¹⁴  between ¹⁵  Paran ¹⁶  and Tophel, ¹⁷  Laban, ¹⁸  Hazeroth, ¹⁹  and Di Zahab ²⁰ 

Deuteronomy 6:1

Exhortation to Keep the Covenant Principles

6:1 Now these are the commandments, ²¹  statutes, and ordinances that the Lord your God instructed me to teach you so that you may carry them out in the land where you are headed ²² 

[12:4]  ¹ tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”

[12:4]  ² tn Or perhaps “who reigned.”

[1:4]  ³ tn Heb “when he struck [or “smote”].”

[1:4]  ⁴ sn See Deut 2:26–3:22.

[1:4]  ⁵ tn Heb “who lived.”

[1:4]  ⁶ sn Heshbon is probably modern Tell Hesban, about 7.5 mi (12 km) south southwest of Amman, Jordan.

[1:4]  ⁷ tn Heb “who lived.”

[1:4]  ⁸ sn Ashtaroth is probably Tell àAshtarah, about 22 mi (35 km) due east of the Sea of Galilee.

[1:4]  ⁹ sn Edrei is probably modern Deràa, 60 mi (95 km) south of Damascus (see Num 21:33; Josh 12:4; 13:12, 31).

[1:1]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “These are the words.”

[1:1]  ¹¹ tn Heb “to all Israel.”

[1:1]  ¹² tn Heb “on the other side of the Jordan.” This would appear to favor authorship by someone living on the west side of the Jordan, that is, in Canaan, whereas the biblical tradition locates Moses on the east side (cf. v. 5). However the Hebrew phrase בְּעֵבֶר הַיּרְדֵּן (bÿ’ever hayyrÿden) is a frozen form meaning “Transjordan,” a name appropriate from any geographical vantage point. To this day, one standing east of the Jordan can describe himself as being in Transjordan.

[1:1]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew term מוֹל (mol) may also mean “in front of” or “near” (cf. NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT).

[1:1]  ¹⁴ sn This place is otherwise unattested and its location is unknown. Perhaps it is Khirbet Sufah, 4 mi (6 km) SSE of Madaba, Jordan.

[1:1]  ¹⁵ tn The Hebrew term בֵּין (ben) may suggest “in the area of.”

[1:1]  ¹⁶ sn Paran is the well-known desert area between Mount Sinai and Kadesh Barnea (cf. Num 10:12; 12:16).

[1:1]  ¹⁷ sn Tophel refers possibly to et£-T£afîleh, 15 mi (25 km) SE of the Dead Sea, or to Da‚bîlu, another name for Paran. See H. Cazelles, “Tophel (Deut. 1:1),” VT 9 (1959): 412-15.

[1:1]  ¹⁸ sn Laban. Perhaps this refers to Libnah (Num 33:20).

[1:1]  ¹⁹ sn Hazeroth. This probably refers to àAin Khadra. See Y. Aharoni, The Land of the Bible, 199-200.

[1:1]  ²⁰ sn Di Zahab. Perhaps this refers to Mina al-Dhahab on the eastern Sinai coast.

[6:1]  ²¹ tn Heb “commandment.” The word מִצְוָה (mitsvah) again is in the singular, serving as a comprehensive term for the whole stipulation section of the book. See note on the word “commandments” in 5:31.

[6:1]  ²² tn Heb “where you are going over to possess it” (so NASB); NRSV “that you are about to cross into and occupy.”