Joshua 12:4

12:4 The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites, ¹  who lived ²  in Ashtaroth and Edrei

Deuteronomy 3:10-11

3:10 all the cities of the plateau, all of Gilead and Bashan as far as Salecah ³  and Edrei, ⁴  cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan. 3:11 Only King Og of Bashan was left of the remaining Rephaites. (It is noteworthy ⁵  that his sarcophagus ⁶  was made of iron. ⁷  Does it not, indeed, still remain in Rabbath ⁸  of the Ammonites? It is thirteen and a half feet ⁹  long and six feet ¹⁰  wide according to standard measure.) ¹¹ 

[12:4]  ¹ tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”

[12:4]  ² tn Or perhaps “who reigned.”

[3:10]  ³ sn Salecah. Today this is known as Salkhad, in Jordan, about 31 mi (50 km) east of the Jordan River in the Hauran Desert.

[3:10]  ⁴ sn Edrei. See note on this term in 3:1.

[3:11]  ⁵ tn Heb “Behold” (הִנֵּה, hinneh).

[3:11]  ⁶ tn The Hebrew term עֶרֶשׂ (’eres), traditionally translated “bed” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) is likely a basaltic (volcanic) stone sarcophagus of suitable size to contain the coffin of the giant Rephaite king. Its iron-like color and texture caused it to be described as an iron container. See A. Millard, “King Og’s Iron Bed: Fact or Fancy?” BR 6 (1990): 16-21, 44; cf. also NEB “his sarcophagus of basalt”; TEV, CEV “his coffin.”

[3:11]  ⁷ tn Or “of iron-colored basalt.” See note on the word “sarcophagus” earlier in this verse.

[3:11]  ⁸ sn Rabbath. This place name (usually occurring as Rabbah; 2 Sam 11:11; 12:27; Jer 49:3) refers to the ancient capital of the Ammonite kingdom, now the modern city of Amman, Jordan. The word means “great [one],” probably because of its political importance. The fact that the sarcophagus “still remain[ed]” there suggests this part of the verse is post-Mosaic, having been added as a matter of explanation for the existence of the artifact and also to verify the claim as to its size.

[3:11]  ⁹ tn Heb “nine cubits.” Assuming a length of 18 in (45 cm) for the standard cubit, this would be 13.5 ft (4.1 m) long.

[3:11]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “four cubits.” This would be 6 ft (1.8 m) wide.

[3:11]  ¹¹ tn Heb “by the cubit of man.” This probably refers to the “short” or “regular” cubit of approximately 18 in (45 cm).