Jude 1:16

1:16 These people are grumblers and ¹  fault-finders who go ²  wherever their desires lead them, ³  and they give bombastic speeches, ⁴  enchanting folks ⁵  for their own gain. ⁶ 

Jude 1:2

1:2 May mercy, peace, and love be lavished on you! ⁷ 

Jude 1:23

1:23 save ⁸  others by snatching them out of the fire; have mercy ⁹  on others, coupled with a fear of God, ¹⁰  hating even the clothes stained ¹¹  by the flesh. ¹² 

Hosea 11:8

The Divine Dilemma: Judgment or Mercy?

11:8 How can I give you up, ¹³  O Ephraim?

How can I surrender you, O Israel?

How can I treat you like Admah?

How can I make you like Zeboiim?

I have had a change of heart! ¹⁴ 

All my tender compassions are aroused! ¹⁵ 

Luke 19:41-44

Jesus Weeps for Jerusalem under Judgment

19:41 Now ¹⁶  when Jesus ¹⁷  approached ¹⁸  and saw the city, he wept over it, 19:42 saying, “If you had only known on this day, ¹⁹  even you, the things that make for peace! ²⁰  But now they are hidden ²¹  from your eyes. 19:43 For the days will come upon you when your enemies will build ²²  an embankment ²³  against you and surround you and close in on you from every side. 19:44 They will demolish you ²⁴  – you and your children within your walls ²⁵  – and they will not leave within you one stone ²⁶  on top of another, ²⁷  because you did not recognize the time of your visitation from God.” ²⁸ 

[1:16]  ¹ tn “And” is not in Greek, but is supplied for the sake of English style.

[1:16]  ² tn Or “going.” Though the participle is anarthrous, so also is the subject. Thus, the participle could be either adverbial or adjectival.

[1:16]  ³ tn Grk “(who go/going) according to their own lusts.”

[1:16]  ⁴ tn Grk “and their mouth speaks bombastic things.”

[1:16]  ⁵ sn Enchanting folks (Grk “awing faces”) refers to the fact that the speeches of these false teachers are powerful and seductive.

[1:16]  ⁶ tn Or “to their own advantage.”

[1:2]  ⁷ tn Grk “may mercy and peace and love be multiplied to you.”

[1:23]  ⁸ tn Grk “and save.”

[1:23]  ⁹ tn Grk “and have mercy.”

[1:23]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “with fear.” But as this contrasts with ἀφόβως (afobw") in v. 12 (without reverence), the posture of the false teachers, it most likely refers to reverence for God.

[1:23]  ¹¹ sn The imagery here suggests that the things close to the sinners are contaminated by them, presumably during the process of sinning.

[1:23]  ¹² tn Grk “hating even the tunic spotted by the flesh.” The “flesh” in this instance could refer to the body or to the sin nature. It makes little difference in one sense: Jude is thinking primarily of sexual sins, which are borne of the sin nature and manifest themselves in inappropriate deeds done with the body. At the same time, he is not saying that the body is intrinsically bad, a view held by the opponents of Christianity. Hence, it is best to see “flesh” as referring to the sin nature here and the language as metaphorical.

[11:8]  ¹³ tn The imperfect verbs in 11:8 function as imperfects of capability. See IBHS 564 §34.1a.

[11:8]  ¹⁴ tn The phrase נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי לִבִּי (nehpakh ’alay libbi) is an idiom that can be taken in two ways: (1) emotional sense: to describe a tumult of emotions, not just a clash of ideas, that are afflicting a person (Lam 1:20; HALOT 253 s.v. הפך 1.c) and (2) volitional sense: to describe a decisive change of policy, that is, a reversal of sentiment from amity to hatred (Exod 14:5; Ps 105:25; BDB 245 s.v. הָפַךְ 1; HALOT 253 s.v. 3). The English versions alternate between these two: (1) emotional discomfort and tension over the prospect of destroying Israel: “mine heart is turned within me” (KJV), “my heart recoils within me” (RSV, NRSV), “My heart is turned over within Me” (NASB), “My heart is torn within me” (NLT); and (2) volitional reversal of previous decision to totally destroy Israel: “I have had a change of heart” (NJPS), “my heart is changed within me” (NIV), and “my heart will not let me do it!” (TEV). Both BDB 245 s.v. 1.b and HALOT 253 s.v. 3 suggest that the idiom describes a decisive change of heart (reversal of decision to totally destroy Israel once and for all) rather than emotional turbulence of God shifting back and forth between whether to destroy or spare Israel. This volitional nuance is supported by the modal function of the 1st person common singular imperfects in 11:8 (“I will not carry out my fierce anger…I will not destroy Ephraim…I will not come in wrath”) and by the prophetic announcement of future restoration in 11:10-11. Clearly, a dramatic reversal both in tone and in divine intention occurs between 11:5-11.

[11:8]  ¹⁵ tn The Niphal of כָּמַר (kamar) means “to grow warm, tender” (BDB 485 s.v. כָּמַר), as its use in a simile with the oven demonstrates (Lam 5:10). It is used several times to describe the arousal of the most tender affection (Gen 43:30; 1 Kgs 3:26; Hos 11:8; BDB 485 s.v. 1; HALOT 482 s.v. כמר 1). Cf. NRSV “my compassion grows warm and tender.”

[19:41]  ¹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

[19:41]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “he.”

[19:41]  ¹⁸ sn When Jesus approached and saw the city. This is the last travel note in Luke’s account (the so-called Jerusalem journey), as Jesus approached and saw the city before entering it.

[19:42]  ¹⁹ sn On this day. They had missed the time of Messiah’s coming; see v. 44.

[19:42]  ²⁰ tn Grk “the things toward peace.” This expression seems to mean “the things that would ‘lead to,’ ‘bring about,’ or ‘make for’ peace.”

[19:42]  ²¹ sn But now they are hidden from your eyes. This becomes an oracle of doom in the classic OT sense; see Luke 13:31-35; 11:49-51; Jer 9:2; 13:7; 14:7. They are now blind and under judgment (Jer 15:5; Ps 122:6).

[19:43]  ²² sn Jesus now predicted the events that would be fulfilled in the fall of Jerusalem in a.d. 70. The details of the siege have led some to see Luke writing this after Jerusalem’s fall, but the language of the verse is like God’s exilic judgment for covenant unfaithfulness (Hab 2:8; Jer 6:6, 14; 8:13-22; 9:1; Ezek 4:2; 26:8; Isa 29:1-4). Specific details are lacking and the procedures described (build an embankment against you) were standard Roman military tactics.

[19:43]  ²³ sn An embankment refers to either wooden barricades or earthworks, or a combination of the two.

[19:44]  ²⁴ tn Grk “They will raze you to the ground.”

[19:44]  ²⁵ tn Grk “your children within you.” The phrase “[your] walls” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the city of Jerusalem, metaphorically pictured as an individual, is spoken of here.

[19:44]  ²⁶ sn (Not) one stone on top of another is an idiom for total destruction.

[19:44]  ²⁷ tn Grk “leave stone on stone.”

[19:44]  ²⁸ tn Grk “the time of your visitation.” To clarify what this refers to, the words “from God” are supplied at the end of the verse, although they do not occur in the Greek text.