Luke 22:44

22:44 And in his anguish ¹  he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat was like drops of blood falling to the ground.] ² 

John 12:24

12:24 I tell you the solemn truth, ³  unless a kernel of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains by itself alone. ⁴  But if it dies, it produces ⁵  much grain. ⁶ 

John 12:27-32

12:27 “Now my soul is greatly distressed. And what should I say? ‘Father, deliver me ⁷  from this hour’? ⁸  No, but for this very reason I have come to this hour. ⁹  12:28 Father, glorify your name.” Then a voice came from heaven, ¹⁰  “I have glorified it, ¹¹  and I will glorify it ¹²  again.” 12:29 The crowd that stood there and heard the voice ¹³  said that it had thundered. Others said that an angel had spoken to him. ¹⁴  12:30 Jesus said, ¹⁵  “This voice has not come for my benefit ¹⁶  but for yours. 12:31 Now is the judgment of this world; now the ruler of this world ¹⁷  will be driven out. ¹⁸  12:32 And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people ¹⁹  to myself.”

John 16:21

16:21 When a woman gives birth, she has distress ²⁰  because her time ²¹  has come, but when her child is born, she no longer remembers the suffering because of her joy that a human being ²²  has been born into the world. ²³ 

Galatians 4:19

4:19 My children – I am again undergoing birth pains until Christ is formed in you! ²⁴ 

Hebrews 12:2

12:2 keeping our eyes fixed on Jesus, the pioneer and perfecter of our faith. For the joy set out for him he endured the cross, disregarding its shame, and has taken his seat at the right hand of the throne of God. ²⁵ 

Revelation 5:9-10

5:9 They were singing a new song: ²⁶ 

“You are worthy to take the scroll

and to open its seals

because you were killed, ²⁷ 

and at the cost of your own blood ²⁸  you have purchased ²⁹  for God

persons ³⁰  from every tribe, language, ³¹  people, and nation.

5:10 You have appointed ³²  them ³³  as a kingdom and priests ³⁴  to serve ³⁵  our God, and they will reign ³⁶  on the earth.”

Revelation 7:9-17

7:9 After these things I looked, and here was ³⁷  an enormous crowd that no one could count, made up of persons from every nation, tribe, ³⁸  people, and language, standing before the throne and before the Lamb dressed in long white robes, and with palm branches in their hands. 7:10 They were shouting out in a loud voice,

“Salvation belongs to our God, ³⁹ 

to the one seated on the throne, and to the Lamb!”

7:11 And all the angels stood ⁴⁰  there in a circle around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they threw themselves down with their faces to the ground ⁴¹  before the throne and worshiped God, 7:12 saying,

“Amen! Praise and glory,

and wisdom and thanksgiving,

and honor and power and strength

be to our God for ever and ever. Amen!”

7:13 Then ⁴²  one of the elders asked ⁴³  me, “These dressed in long white robes – who are they and where have they come from?” 7:14 So ⁴⁴  I said to him, “My lord, you know the answer.” ⁴⁵  Then ⁴⁶  he said to me, “These are the ones who have come out of the great tribulation. They ⁴⁷  have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb! 7:15 For this reason they are before the throne of God, and they serve ⁴⁸  him day and night in his temple, and the one seated on the throne will shelter them. ⁴⁹  7:16 They will never go hungry or be thirsty again, and the sun will not beat down on them, nor any burning heat, ⁵⁰  7:17 because the Lamb in the middle of the throne will shepherd them and lead them to springs of living water, and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.” ⁵¹ 

[22:44]  ¹ tn Grk “And being in anguish.”

[22:44]  ² tc Several important Greek mss (Ì⁷⁵ א¹ A B N T W 579 1071*) along with diverse and widespread versional witnesses lack 22:43-44. In addition, the verses are placed after Matt 26:39 by ˹³. Floating texts typically suggest both spuriousness and early scribal impulses to regard the verses as historically authentic. These verses are included in א*^,2 D L Θ Ψ 0171 ˹ Ï lat Ju Ir Hipp Eus. However, a number of mss mark the text with an asterisk or obelisk, indicating the scribe’s assessment of the verses as inauthentic. At the same time, these verses generally fit Luke’s style. Arguments can be given on both sides about whether scribes would tend to include or omit such comments about Jesus’ humanity and an angel’s help. But even if the verses are not literarily authentic, they are probably historically authentic. This is due to the fact that this text was well known in several different locales from a very early period. Since there are no synoptic parallels to this account and since there is no obvious reason for adding these words here, it is very likely that such verses recount a part of the actual suffering of our Lord. Nevertheless, because of the serious doubts as to these verses’ authenticity, they have been put in brackets. For an important discussion of this problem, see B. D. Ehrman and M. A. Plunkett, “The Angel and the Agony: The Textual Problem of Luke 22:43-44,” CBQ 45 (1983): 401-16.

[12:24]  ³ tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”

[12:24]  ⁴ tn Or “it remains only a single kernel.”

[12:24]  ⁵ tn Or “bears.”

[12:24]  ⁶ tn Grk “much fruit.”

[12:27]  ⁷ tn Or “save me.”

[12:27]  ⁸ tn Or “this occasion.”

[12:27]  ⁹ tn Or “this occasion.”

[12:28]  ¹⁰ tn Or “from the sky” (see note on 1:32).

[12:28]  ¹¹ tn “It” is not in the Greek text. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[12:28]  ¹² tn “It” is not in the Greek text. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[12:29]  ¹³ tn “The voice” is not in the Greek text. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[12:29]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “Others said, “An angel has spoken to him.” The direct discourse in the second half of v. 29 was converted to indirect discourse in the translation to maintain the parallelism with the first half of the verse, which is better in keeping with English style.

[12:30]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “Jesus answered and said.”

[12:30]  ¹⁶ tn Or “for my sake.”

[12:31]  ¹⁷ sn The ruler of this world is a reference to Satan.

[12:31]  ¹⁸ tn Or “will be thrown out.” This translation regards the future passive ἐκβληθήσεται (ekblhqhsetai) as referring to an event future to the time of speaking.

[12:32]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “all.” The word “people” is not in the Greek text but is supplied for stylistic reasons and for clarity (cf. KJV “all men”).

[16:21]  ²⁰ sn The same word translated distress here has been translated sadness in the previous verse (a wordplay that is not exactly reproducible in English).

[16:21]  ²¹ tn Grk “her hour.”

[16:21]  ²² tn Grk “that a man” (but in a generic sense, referring to a human being).

[16:21]  ²³ sn Jesus now compares the situation of the disciples to a woman in childbirth. Just as the woman in the delivery of her child experiences real pain and anguish (has distress), so the disciples will also undergo real anguish at the crucifixion of Jesus. But once the child has been born, the mother’s anguish is turned into joy, and she forgets the past suffering. The same will be true of the disciples, who after Jesus’ resurrection and reappearance to them will forget the anguish they suffered at his death on account of their joy.

[4:19]  ²⁴ tn Grk “My children, for whom I am again undergoing birth pains until Christ is formed in you.” The relative clauses in English do not pick up the emotional force of Paul’s language here (note “tone of voice” in v. 20, indicating that he is passionately concerned for them); hence, the translation has been altered slightly to capture the connotative power of Paul’s plea.

[12:2]  ²⁵ sn An allusion to Ps 110:1.

[5:9]  ²⁶ tn The redundant participle λέγοντες (legontes) has not been translated here.

[5:9]  ²⁷ tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”

[5:9]  ²⁸ tn The preposition ἐν (en) is taken to indicate price here, like the Hebrew preposition ב (bet) does at times. BDAG 329 s.v. ἐν 5.b states, “The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).”

[5:9]  ²⁹ tc The Greek text as it stands above (i.e., the reading τῷ θεῷ [tw qew] alone) is found in codex A. א 2050 2344 Ï sy add the term “us” (ἡμᾶς, Jhmas), either before or after τῷ θεῷ, as an attempt to clarify the object of “purchased” (ἠγόρασας, hgorasa"). A few mss (1 vg^ms) delete the reference to God altogether and simply replace it with “us” (ἡμᾶς). This too is an attempt to remove ambiguity in the phrase and provide an object for “purchased.” The shorter reading, supported by the best witness for Revelation, best accounts for the other readings.

[5:9]  ³⁰ tn The word “persons” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[5:9]  ³¹ tn Grk “and language,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[5:10]  ³² tn The verb ἐποίησας (epoihsas) is understood to mean “appointed” here. For an example of this use, see Mark 3:14.

[5:10]  ³³ tc The vast majority of witnesses have αὐτούς (autous, “them”) here, while the Textus Receptus reads ἡμᾶς (Jhmas, “us”) with insignificant support (pc gig vg^cl sa Prim Bea). There is no question that the original text read αὐτούς here.

[5:10]  ³⁴ tn The reference to “kingdom and priests” may be a hendiadys: “priestly kingdom.”

[5:10]  ³⁵ tn The words “to serve” are not in the Greek text, but are implied by the word “priests.”

[5:10]  ³⁶ tc The textual problem here between the present tense βασιλεύουσιν (basileuousin, “they are reigning”; so A 1006 1611 Ï^K pc) and the future βασιλεύσουσιν (basileusousin, “they will reign”; so א 1854 2053 Ï^A pc lat co) is a difficult one. Both readings have excellent support. On the one hand, the present tense seems to be the harder reading in this context. On the other hand, codex A elsewhere mistakes the future for the present (20:6). Further, the lunar sigma in uncial script could have been overlooked by some scribes, resulting in the present tense. All things considered, there is a slight preference for the future.

[7:9]  ³⁷ tn The phrase “and here was” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).

[7:9]  ³⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated before each of the following categories, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[7:10]  ³⁹ tn The dative here has been translated as a dative of possession.

[7:11]  ⁴⁰ tn The verb is pluperfect, but the force is simple past. See ExSyn 586.

[7:11]  ⁴¹ tn Grk “they fell down on their faces.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”

[7:13]  ⁴² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[7:13]  ⁴³ tn Grk “spoke” or “declared to,” but in the context “asked” reads more naturally in English.

[7:14]  ⁴⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the previous question.

[7:14]  ⁴⁵ tn Though the expression “the answer” is not in the Greek text, it is clearly implied. Direct objects in Greek were frequently omitted when clear from the context.

[7:14]  ⁴⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[7:14]  ⁴⁷ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[7:15]  ⁴⁸ tn Or “worship.” The word here is λατρεύω (latreuw).

[7:15]  ⁴⁹ tn Grk “will spread his tent over them,” normally an idiom for taking up residence with someone, but when combined with the preposition ἐπί (epi, “over”) the idea is one of extending protection or shelter (BDAG 929 s.v. σκηνόω).

[7:16]  ⁵⁰ tn An allusion to Isa 49:10. The phrase “burning heat” is one word in Greek (καῦμα, kauma) that refers to a burning, intensely-felt heat. See BDAG 536 s.v.

[7:17]  ⁵¹ sn An allusion to Isa 25:8.