Matthew 20:19
Context20:19 and will turn him over to the Gentiles to be mocked and flogged severely 1 and crucified. 2 Yet 3 on the third day, he will be raised.”
Isaiah 50:6
Context50:6 I offered my back to those who attacked, 4
my jaws to those who tore out my beard;
I did not hide my face
from insults and spitting.
Isaiah 53:5
Context53:5 He was wounded because of 5 our rebellious deeds,
crushed because of our sins;
he endured punishment that made us well; 6
because of his wounds we have been healed. 7
Mark 10:34
Context10:34 They will mock him, spit on him, flog 8 him severely, and kill him. Yet 9 after three days, 10 he will rise again.”
Luke 18:32-33
Context18:32 For he will be handed over 11 to the Gentiles; he will be mocked, 12 mistreated, 13 and spat on. 14 18:33 They will flog him severely 15 and kill him. Yet 16 on the third day he will rise again.”
Luke 23:16
Context23:16 I will therefore have him flogged 17 and release him.”
Luke 23:24-25
Context23:24 So 18 Pilate 19 decided 20 that their demand should be granted. 23:25 He released the man they asked for, who had been thrown in prison for insurrection and murder. But he handed Jesus over 21 to their will. 22
John 19:1
Context19:1 Then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged severely. 23
John 19:16
Context19:16 Then Pilate 24 handed him over 25 to them to be crucified.
So they took Jesus,
John 19:1
Context19:1 Then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged severely. 26
John 2:24
Context2:24 But Jesus would not entrust himself to them, because he knew all people. 27
[20:19] 1 tn Traditionally, “scourged” (the term means to beat severely with a whip, L&N 19.9). BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1.a states, “The ‘verberatio’ is denoted in the passion predictions and explicitly as action by non-Israelites Mt 20:19; Mk 10:34; Lk 18:33”; the verberatio was the beating given to those condemned to death in the Roman judicial system. Here the term μαστιγόω (mastigow) has been translated “flog…severely” to distinguish it from the term φραγελλόω (fragellow) used in Matt 27:26; Mark 15:15.
[20:19] 2 sn Crucifixion was the cruelest form of punishment practiced by the Romans. Roman citizens could not normally undergo it. It was reserved for the worst crimes, like treason and evasion of due process in a capital case. The Roman historian Cicero called it “a cruel and disgusting penalty” (Against Verres 2.5.63-66 §§163-70); Josephus (J. W. 7.6.4 [7.203]) called it the worst of deaths.
[20:19] 3 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
[50:6] 4 tn Or perhaps, “who beat [me].”
[53:5] 5 tn The preposition מִן (min) has a causal sense (translated “because of”) here and in the following clause.
[53:5] 6 tn Heb “the punishment of our peace [was] on him.” שָׁלוֹם (shalom, “peace”) is here a genitive of result, i.e., “punishment that resulted in our peace.”
[53:5] 7 sn Continuing to utilize the imagery of physical illness, the group acknowledges that the servant’s willingness to carry their illnesses (v. 4) resulted in their being healed. Healing is a metaphor for forgiveness here.
[10:34] 8 tn Traditionally, “scourge him” (the term means to beat severely with a whip, L&N 19.9). BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1.a states, “The ‘verberatio’ is denoted in the passion predictions and explicitly as action by non-Israelites Mt 20:19; Mk 10:34; Lk 18:33”; the verberatio was the beating given to those condemned to death in the Roman judicial system. Here the term μαστιγόω (mastigow) has been translated “flog…severely” to distinguish it from the term φραγελλόω (fragellow) used in Matt 27:26; Mark 15:15.
[10:34] 9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
[10:34] 10 tc Most
[18:32] 11 sn The passive voice verb be handed over does not indicate by whom, but other passages note the Jewish leadership and betrayal (9:22, 44).
[18:32] 12 sn See Luke 22:63; 23:11, 36.
[18:32] 13 tn Or “and insulted.” L&N 33.390 and 88.130 note ὑβρίζω (Jubrizw) can mean either “insult” or “mistreat with insolence.”
[18:32] 14 sn And spat on. Later Luke does not note this detail in the passion narrative in chaps. 22-23, but see Mark 14:65; 15:19; Matt 26:67; 27:30 where Jesus’ prediction is fulfilled.
[18:33] 15 tn Traditionally, “scourge” (the term means to beat severely with a whip, L&N 19.9). BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1. states, “Of the beating (Lat. verberatio) given those condemned to death…J 19:1; cf. Mt 20:19; Mk 10:34; Lk 18:33.” Here the term has been translated “flog…severely” to distinguish it from the term φραγελλόω (fragellow) used in Matt 27:26; Mark 15:15.
[18:33] 16 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
[23:16] 17 tn Or “scourged” (BDAG 749 s.v. παιδεύω 2.b.γ). This refers to a whipping Pilate ordered in an attempt to convince Jesus not to disturb the peace. It has been translated “flogged” to distinguish it from the more severe verberatio.
[23:24] 18 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the crowd’s cries prevailing.
[23:24] 19 sn Finally Pilate gave in. He decided crucifying one Galilean teacher was better than facing a riot. Justice lost out in the process, because he did not follow his own verdict.
[23:24] 20 tn Although some translations render ἐπέκρινεν (epekrinen) here as “passed sentence” or “gave his verdict,” the point in context is not that Pilate sentenced Jesus to death here, but that finally, although convinced of Jesus’ innocence, he gave in to the crowd’s incessant demand to crucify an innocent man.
[23:25] 21 tn Or “delivered up.”
[23:25] 22 sn He handed Jesus over to their will. Here is where Luke places the major blame for Jesus’ death. It lies with the Jewish nation, especially the leadership, though in Acts 4:24-27 he will bring in the opposition of Herod, Pilate, and all people.
[19:1] 23 tn Or “had him flogged,” or (traditional), “scourged him.” The verb should be read as causative. Pilate ordered Jesus to be flogged. A Roman governor would not carry out such a sentence in person. BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1. states, “If J refers to the ‘verberatio’ given those condemned to death (TMommsen, Röm. Strafrecht 1899, 938f; Jos., Bell. 2, 308; 5, 449), it is odd that Pilate subsequently claims no cause for action (vs. 6); but if the latter statement refers only to the penalty of crucifixion, μ. vs. 1 may be equivalent to παιδεύω (q.v. 2bγ) in Lk 23:16, 22 (for μ. of a non-capital offense PFlor I, 61, 61 [85ad]=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 80 II, 61).”
[19:16] 24 tn Grk “Then he”; the referent (Pilate) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[19:16] 25 tn Or “delivered him over.”
[19:1] 26 tn Or “had him flogged,” or (traditional), “scourged him.” The verb should be read as causative. Pilate ordered Jesus to be flogged. A Roman governor would not carry out such a sentence in person. BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1. states, “If J refers to the ‘verberatio’ given those condemned to death (TMommsen, Röm. Strafrecht 1899, 938f; Jos., Bell. 2, 308; 5, 449), it is odd that Pilate subsequently claims no cause for action (vs. 6); but if the latter statement refers only to the penalty of crucifixion, μ. vs. 1 may be equivalent to παιδεύω (q.v. 2bγ) in Lk 23:16, 22 (for μ. of a non-capital offense PFlor I, 61, 61 [85ad]=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 80 II, 61).”
[2:24] 27 tn Grk “all.” The word “people” has been supplied for clarity, since the Greek word πάντας (pantas) is masculine plural (thus indicating people rather than things).