Proverbs 20:10

20:10 Diverse weights and diverse measures ¹  –

the Lord abhors ²  both of them.

Proverbs 22:22

22:22 Do not exploit ³  a poor person because he is poor

and do not crush the needy in court, ⁴ 

Jeremiah 22:3

22:3 The Lord says, “Do what is just and right. Deliver those who have been robbed from those ⁵  who oppress them. Do not exploit or mistreat foreigners who live in your land, children who have no fathers, or widows. ⁶  Do not kill innocent people ⁷  in this land.

Ezekiel 22:29

22:29 The people of the land have practiced extortion and committed robbery. They have wronged the poor and needy; they have oppressed the foreigner who lives among them and denied them justice. ⁸ 

Mark 10:19

10:19 You know the commandments: ‘Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not give false testimony, do not defraud, honor your father and mother.’” ⁹ 

Luke 3:13

3:13 He told them, “Collect no more ¹⁰  than you are required to.” ¹¹ 

Luke 3:1

The Ministry of John the Baptist

3:1 In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, ¹²  when Pontius Pilate ¹³  was governor of Judea, and Herod ¹⁴  was tetrarch ¹⁵  of Galilee, and his brother Philip ¹⁶  was tetrarch of the region of Iturea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias ¹⁷  was tetrarch of Abilene,

Luke 4:6

4:6 And he ¹⁸  said to him, “To you ¹⁹  I will grant this whole realm ²⁰  – and the glory that goes along with it, ²¹  for it has been relinquished ²²  to me, and I can give it to anyone I wish.

[20:10]  ¹ tn The construction simply uses repetition to express different kinds of weights and measures: “a stone and a stone, an ephah and an ephah.”

[20:10]  ² tn Heb “an abomination of the Lord.” The phrase features a subjective genitive: “the Lord abhors.”

[22:22]  ³ tn Two negated jussives form the instruction here: אַל־תִּגְזָל (’al-tigzal, “do not exploit”) and וְאַל־תְּדַכֵּא (ve’al-tÿdakke’, “do not crush”).

[22:22]  ⁴ tn Heb “in the gate” (so KJV); NAB, NASB, NRSV “at the gate.” The “gate” of the city was the center of activity, the place of business as well as the place for settling legal disputes. The language of the next verse suggests a legal setting, so “court” is an appropriate translation here.

[22:3]  ⁵ tn Heb “from the hand [or power] of.”

[22:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “aliens, orphans, or widows” treating the terms as generic or collective. However, the term “alien” carries faulty connotations and the term “orphan” is not totally appropriate because the Hebrew term does not necessarily mean that both parents have died.

[22:3]  ⁷ tn Heb “Do not shed innocent blood.”

[22:29]  ⁸ tn Heb “and the foreigner they have oppressed without justice.”

[10:19]  ⁹ sn A quotation from Exod 20:12-16; Deut 5:16-20, except for do not defraud, which is an allusion to Deut 24:14.

[3:13]  ¹⁰ tn In the Greek text μηδὲν πλέον (mhden pleon, “no more”) is in an emphatic position.

[3:13]  ¹¹ tn Or “than you are ordered to.”

[3:1]  ¹² tn Or “Emperor Tiberius” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[3:1]  ¹³ sn The rule of Pontius Pilate is also described by Josephus, J. W. 2.9.2-4 (2.169-177) and Ant. 18.3.1 (18.55-59).

[3:1]  ¹⁴ sn Herod refers here to Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great. He ruled from 4 b.c.-a.d. 39, sharing the rule of his father’s realm with his two brothers. One brother, Archelaus (Matt 2:22) was banished in a.d. 6 and died in a.d. 18; the other brother, Herod Philip (mentioned next) died in a.d. 34.

[3:1]  ¹⁵ sn A tetrarch was a ruler with rank and authority lower than a king, who ruled only with the approval of the Roman authorities. This was roughly equivalent to being governor of a region. Several times in the NT, Herod tetrarch of Galilee is called a king (Matt 14:9, Mark 6:14-29), reflecting popular usage.

[3:1]  ¹⁶ sn Philip refers to Herod Philip, son of Herod the Great and brother of Herod Antipas. Philip ruled as tetrarch of Iturea and Trachonitis from 4 b.c.-a.d. 34.

[3:1]  ¹⁷ sn Nothing else is known about Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene.

[4:6]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “And the devil.”

[4:6]  ¹⁹ sn In Greek, this phrase is in an emphatic position. In effect, the devil is tempting Jesus by saying, “Look what you can have!”

[4:6]  ²⁰ tn Or “authority.” BDAG 353 s.v. ἐξουσία 6 suggests, concerning this passage, that the term means “the sphere in which the power is exercised, domain.” Cf. also Luke 22:53; 23:7; Acts 26:18; Eph 2:2.

[4:6]  ²¹ tn The addendum referring to the glory of the kingdoms of the world forms something of an afterthought, as the following pronoun (“it”) makes clear, for the singular refers to the realm itself.

[4:6]  ²² tn For the translation of παραδέδοται (paradedotai) see L&N 57.77. The devil is erroneously implying that God has given him such authority with the additional capability of sharing the honor.