Romans 14:4

14:4 Who are you to pass judgment on another’s servant? Before his own master he stands or falls. And he will stand, for the Lord ¹  is able to make him stand.

Romans 14:10

14:10 But you who eat vegetables only – why do you judge your brother or sister? ²  And you who eat everything – why do you despise your brother or sister? ³  For we will all stand before the judgment seat ⁴  of God.

James 2:4

2:4 If so, have you not made distinctions ⁵  among yourselves and become judges with evil motives? ⁶ 

James 4:11

4:11 Do not speak against one another, brothers and sisters. ⁷  He who speaks against a fellow believer ⁸  or judges a fellow believer speaks against the law and judges the law. But if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law but its judge. ⁹ 

[14:4]  ¹ tc Most mss, especially Western and Byzantine (D F G 048 33 1739 1881 Ï latt), read θεός (qeos, “God”) in place of κύριος (kurios, “Lord”) here. However, κύριος is found in many of the most important mss (Ì⁴⁶ א A B C P Ψ pc co), and θεός looks to be an assimilation to θεός in v. 3.

[14:10]  ² tn Grk “But why do you judge your brother?” The introductory phrase has been supplied in the translation to clarify whom Paul is addressing, i.e., the “weak” Christian who eats only vegetables (see vv. 2-3). The author uses the singular pronoun here to rhetorically address one person, but the plural has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[14:10]  ³ tn Grk “Or again, why do you despise your brother?” The introductory phrase has been supplied in the translation to clarify whom Paul is addressing, i.e., the “strong” Christian who eats everything (see vv. 2-3). The author uses the singular pronoun here to rhetorically address one person, but the plural has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[14:10]  ⁴ sn The judgment seat (βῆμα, bhma) was a raised platform mounted by steps and sometimes furnished with a seat, used by officials in addressing an assembly or making pronouncements, often on judicial matters. The judgment seat was a familiar item in Greco-Roman culture, often located in the agora, the public square or marketplace in the center of a city.

[2:4]  ⁵ tn Grk “have you not made distinctions” (as the conclusion to the series of “if” clauses in vv. 2-3).

[2:4]  ⁶ tn Grk “judges of evil reasonings.”

[4:11]  ⁷ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:2.

[4:11]  ⁸ tn See note on the word “believer” in 1:9.

[4:11]  ⁹ tn Grk “a judge.”