Advanced Commentary

(ex.: John 3:14-18)

Table of Contents Bible Dictionary
Arts
Questions
Sermon Illustrations
Resources/Books

Context
21:1 Jehoshaphat <03092> passed away <01> <05973> <07901> and was buried <06912> with <05973> his ancestors <01> in the City <05892> of David <01732>. His son <01121> Jehoram <03088> replaced <08478> him as king <04427>. 21:2 His brothers <0251>, Jehoshaphat’s <03092> sons <01121>, were Azariah <05838>, Jechiel <03171>, Zechariah <02148>, Azariahu <05838>, Michael <04317>, and Shephatiah <08203>. All <03605> of these <0428> were sons <01121> of King <04428> Jehoshaphat <03092> of Israel <03478>. 21:3 Their father <01> gave <05414> them <01992> many <07227> presents <04979>, including silver <03701>, gold <02091>, and other precious <04030> items, along with <05973> fortified <04694> cities <05892> in Judah <03063>. But he gave <05414> the kingdom <04467> to Jehoram <03088> because <03588> he <01931> was the firstborn <01060>. 21:4 Jehoram <03088> took control <06965> of <05921> his father’s <01> kingdom <04467> and became powerful <02388>. Then he killed <02026> all <03605> his brothers <0251>, as well as <01571> some of the officials <08269> of Israel <03478>. 21:5 Jehoram <03088> was thirty-two <07970> years <08141> old <01121> when he became king and he reigned <04427> for eight <08083> years <08141> in Jerusalem <03389>. 21:6 He followed <01980> in the footsteps <01870> of the kings <04428> of Israel <03478>, just as <0834> Ahab’s <0256> dynasty <01004> had done <06213>, for <03588> he married <0802> <01961> Ahab’s <0256> daughter <01323>. He did <06213> evil <07451> in the sight <05869> of the Lord <03068>. 21:7 But the Lord <03068> was unwilling <014> <03808> to destroy <07843> David’s <01732> dynasty <01004> because <0834> <04616> of the promise <01285> he had <0834> made <03772> to give <05414> David <01732> a perpetual <03117> <03605> dynasty <05216>. 21:8 During <03117> Jehoram’s reign Edom <0123> freed <06586> themselves from <08478> Judah’s <03063> control <03027> and set up <04427> their own king <04428>. 21:9 Jehoram <03088> crossed over <05674> to <05973> Zair with his officers <08269> and all <03605> his chariots <07393>. The Edomites <0123>, who had surrounded <05437> him, attacked <06965> at night <03915> and defeated <05221> him and his chariot <07393> officers <08269>. 21:10 So Edom <0123> has remained free <06586> from <08478> Judah’s <03063> control <03027> to <05704> this very day <03117>. At that same time <06256> Libnah <03841> also rebelled <06586> and freed themselves from <08478> Judah’s control <03027> because <03588> Jehoram rejected <05800> the Lord <03068> God <0430> of his ancestors <01>. 21:11 He <01931> also <01571> built <06213> high places <01116> on the hills <02022> of Judah <03063>; he encouraged <02181> the residents <03427> of Jerusalem <03389> to be unfaithful to the Lord and led <05080> Judah <03063> away <05080> from the Lord. 21:12 Jehoram received <0935> this letter <04385> from <0413> Elijah <0452> the prophet <05030>: “This is what <03541> the Lord <03068> God <0430> of your ancestor <01> David <01732> says <0559>: ‘You <08478> have <0834> not <03808> followed <01980> in the footsteps <01870> of your father <01> Jehoshaphat <03092> and of King <04428> Asa <0609> of Judah <03063>, 21:13 but have instead followed <01980> in the footsteps <01870> of the kings <04428> of Israel <03478>. You encouraged the people of Judah <03063> and the residents <03427> of Jerusalem <03389> to be unfaithful <02181> to the Lord, just as the family <01004> of Ahab <0256> does in Israel. You also <01571> killed <02026> your brothers <0251>, members of your father’s <01> family <01004>, who were better <02896> than <04480> you. 21:14 So look <02009>, the Lord <03068> is about to severely <04046> afflict <05062> your people <05971>, your sons <01121>, your wives <0802>, and all <03605> you own <07399>. 21:15 And you <0859> will get a serious <07227>, chronic <02483> intestinal <04578> disease <04245> which will cause <05704> your intestines <04578> to come out <03318>.” 21:16 The Lord <03068> stirred up <05782> against <05921> Jehoram <03088> the Philistines <06430> and the Arabs <06163> who lived beside <03027> <05921> the Cushites <03569>. 21:17 They attacked <05927> Judah <03063> and swept through <01234> it. They carried off <07617> everything <03605> they found <04672> in the royal <04428> palace <01004>, including <01571> his sons <01121> and wives <0802>. None <03808> of his sons <01121> was left <07604>, except <0518> <03588> for his youngest <06996>, Ahaziah <03059>.

• 2Ch 21:2-20 -- Jehoram's Reign

• Jehoram

  [ebd] Jehovah-exalted. (1.) Son of Toi, king of Hamath, sent by his father to congratulate David on the occasion of his victory over Hadadezer (2 Sam. 8:10). (2.) A Levite of the family of Gershom (1 Chr. 26:25). (3.) A priest sen...
  [smith] (whom Jehovah has exalted). Son of Ahab king of Israel, who succeeded his brother Ahaziah B.C. 896, and died B.C. 884. The alliance between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, commenced by his father and Jehoshaphat, was very ...
  [nave] JEHORAM 1. King of Judah, 1 Kin. 22:50; 2 Kin. 8:16; 1 Chr. 3:11; 2 Chr. 21:5. Ancestor of Jesus, Matt. 1:8. Marries Athaliah, whose wicked counsels influence his reign for evil, 2 Kin. 8:18, 19; 2 Chr. 21:6-13. Slays his...
  

• JEHORAM; JORAM

  [isbe] JEHORAM; JORAM - je-ho'-ram, written also in the abbreviated form, (yehoram, yoram, "Yahweh is high"; the Revised Version (British and American) retains "Joram" for Hebrew yehoram in 2 Ki 9:15-24): (1) Ninth king of Israel (...
  

• Israel

  [nave] ISRAEL 1. A name given to Jacob, Gen. 32:24-32; 2 Kin. 17:34; Hos. 12:3, 4. 2. A name of the Christ in prophecy, Isa. 49:3. 3. A name given to the descendants of Jacob, a nation. Called also Israelites, and Hebrews, Gen. 4...
  

• Elijah

  [ebd] whose God is Jehovah. (1.) "The Tishbite," the "Elias" of the New Testament, is suddenly introduced to our notice in 1 Kings 17:1 as delivering a message from the Lord to Ahab. There is mention made of a town called Thisbe, ...
  [isbe] ELIJAH - e-li'-ja ('eliyahu or (4 times) 'eliyah, "Yah is God"; Septuagint Eleiou, New Testament Eleias or Elias, the King James Version of New Testament Elias): I. THE WORKS OF ELIJAH 1. The Judgment of Drought 2. The Ordea...
  [smith] (my God is Jehovah) has been well entitled "the grandest and the most romantic character that Israel ever produced." "Elijah the Tishbite,... of the inhabitants of Gilead" is literally all that is given us to know of his pare...
  [nave] ELIJAH 1. The Tishbite, a Gileadite and prophet, called Elias in the authorized version of the N.T. Persecuted by Ahab, 1 Kin. 17:2-7; 18:7-10. Escapes to the wilderness, where he is miraculously fed by ravens, 1 Kin. 17:1-...
  

• Michael

  [ebd] who is like God? (1.) The title given to one of the chief angels (Dan. 10:13, 21; 12:1). He had special charge of Israel as a nation. He disputed with Satan (Jude 1:9) about the body of Moses. He is also represented as warni...
  [isbe] MICHAEL - mi'-ka-el, mi'-kel (mikha'el, "who is like God?" Michael): (1) The father of Sethur the Asherite spy (Nu 13:13). (2) (3) Two Gadites (1 Ch 5:13,14). (4) A name in the genealogy of Asaph (1 Ch 6:40 (Hebrew 25)). (5)...
  [smith] (who is like God?). An Asherite, father of Sethur, one of the twelve spies. (Numbers 13:13) One of the Gadites who settled in the land of Bashan. (1 Chronicles 5:13) Another Gadite, ancestor of Abihail. (1 Chronicles 5...
  [nave] MICHAEL 1. An Asherite, Num. 13:13. 2. Two Gadites, 1 Chr. 5:13, 14. 3. A Gershonite Levite, 1 Chr. 6:40. 4. A descendant of Issachar, 1 Chr. 7:3. 5. A Benjamite, 1 Chr. 8:16. 6. A captain of the thousands of Manasseh w...
  

• APOSTASY; APOSTATE

  [isbe] APOSTASY; APOSTATE - a-pos'-ta-si, a-pos'-tat (he apostasia, "a standing away from"): I.e. a falling away, a withdrawal, a defection. Not found in the English Versions of the Bible, but used twice in the New Testament, in th...
  

• Disease

  [nave] DISEASE Sent from God, Lev. 14:34. As judgments, Psa. 107:17; Isa. 3:17. Instances of Upon the Egyptians, See: Plagues; upon Nabal, 1 Sam. 25:38; David's child, 2 Sam. 12:15; Gehazi, 2 Kin. 5:27; Jeroboam, 2 Chr. 13:20; J...
  

• Ahaziah

  [ebd] held by Jehovah. (1.) The son and successor of Ahab. He followed the counsels of his mother Jezebel, and imitated in wickedness the ways of his father. In his reign the Moabites revolted from under his authority (2 Kings 3:5...
  [isbe] AHAZIAH - a-ha-zi'-a ('achazyah and 'achazyahu, "Yah holds, or sustains"): I. Ahaziah. Son of Ahab and Jezebel, eighth king of Israel (1 Ki 22:51 through 2 Ki 1:18). 1. His Reign: Ahaziah became king over Israel in the seven...
  [smith] (sustained by the Lord). Son of Ahab and Jezebel eighth king of Israel, reigned B.C. 896-895. After the battle of Ramoth in Gilead, in which Ahab perished [AHAB], the vassal king of Moab refused his yearly tribute; comp. (Is...
  [nave] AHAZIAH 1. King of Judah. Called Azariah and Jehoahaz, 2 Chr. 21:17; 25:23. History of, 2 Kin. 8:25-29; 9:16-29. Gifts of, to the temple, 2 Kin. 12:18. Brethren of, slain, 2 Kin. 10:13, 14. Succeeded by Athaliah, 2 Chr. ...
  

• Afflictions and Adversities

  [nave] AFFLICTIONS AND ADVERSITIES. List of Sub-Topics Miscellany of Minor Sub-Topics; Unclassified Scriptures Relating to; Benefits of; Benefits of, Illustrated; Consolation in; Deliverance from; Design of; Despondency in; Dispe...
  

• OBADIAH, BOOK OF

  [ebd] consists of one chapter, "concerning Edom," its impending doom (1:1-16), and the restoration of Israel (1:17-21). This is the shortest book of the Old Testament. There are on record the account of four captures of Jerusalem,...
  [isbe] OBADIAH, BOOK OF - Obadiah is the shortest book in the Old Testament. The theme of the book is the destruction of Edom. Consequent upon the overthrow of Edom is the enlargement of the borders of Judah and the establishment o...
  

• WRITING, 2

  [isbe] WRITING, 2 - V. Materials. The materials used in writing include almost every imaginable substance, mineral, vegetable, and animal: gold, silver, copper, bronze, clay, marble, granite, precious gems, leaves, bark, wooden pla...
  

• Jehoshaphat

  [smith] (whom Jehovah judges.) King of Judah, son of Asa, succeeded to the throne B.C. 914, when he was 35 years old, and reigned 25 years. His history is to be found among the events recorded in (1 Kings 15:24; 2 Kings 8:16) ...
  [nave] JEHOSHAPHAT 1. David's recorder, 2 Sam. 8:16; 20:24; 1 Kin. 4:3; 1 Chr. 18:15. 2. One of Solomon's commissariat officers, 1 Kin. 4:17. 3. King of Judah. Succeeds Asa, 1 Kin. 15:24; 22:41; 1 Chr. 3:10; 2 Chr. 17:1; Matt. 1:...
  

• Shephatiah

  [ebd] judged of the Lord. (1.) A son of David by Abital (2 Sam. 3:4). (2.) A Benjamite who joined David at Ziklag (1 Chr. 12:5). (3.) A Simeonite prince in David's time (1 Chr. 27:16). (4.) One of Jehoshaphat's sons (2 Chr. 21:2)....
  [isbe] SHEPHATIAH - shef-a-ti'-a, she-fat'-ya (shephaTyah, "Yah has judged"): (1) A son of David, by Abital (2 Sam 3:4; 1 Ch 3:3). (2) A Benjamite, father of Meshullam, of Jerusalem (1 Ch 9:8). (3) A Benjamite, who joined David at ...
  [smith] (judged by Jehovah). The fifth son of David. (2 Samuel 3:4; 1 Chronicles 3:3) (B.C. about 1050.) The family of Shephatiah, 372 in number, returned with Zerubbabel. (Ezra 2:4; Nehemiah 7:9) see also Ezra 8:8 (B.C. 536.)...
  [nave] SHEPHATIAH 1. Son of David, 2 Sam. 3:4; 1 Chr. 3:3. 2. A Benjamite, father of Meshullam, 1 Chr. 9:8. 3. A valiant man who joined David at Ziklag, 1 Chr. 12:5. 4. A ruler of Simeon, 1 Chr. 27:16. 5. Son of Jehoshaphat, 2 ...
  

• Jehiel

  [ebd] God's living one. (1.) The father of Gibeon (1 Chr. 9:35). (2.) One of David's guard (1 Chr. 11:44). (3.) One of the Levites "of the second degree," appointed to conduct the music on the occasion of the ark's being removed t...
  [smith] (God lives). One of the Levites appointed by David to assist in the service of the house of God. (1 Chronicles 15:18,20; 16:5) One of the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, put to death by his brother Jehoram. (2 Chron...
  [nave] JEHIEL 1. A Levite porter, 1 Chr. 15:18. Probably identical with Jehiah, above. 2. A Gershonite Levite, 1 Chr. 23:8; 29:8. 3. A companion of David's sons, 1 Chr. 27:32. 4. Son of Jehoshaphat, 2 Chr. 21:2. 5. Son of Heman...
  

• Jehoahaz

  [ebd] Jehovah his sustainer, or he whom Jehovah holdeth. (1.) The youngest son of Jehoram, king of Judah (2 Chr. 21:17; 22:1, 6, 8, 9); usually Ahaziah (q.v.). (2.) The son and successor of Jehu, king of Israel (2 Kings 10:35). He...
  [isbe] JEHOAHAZ - je-ho'-a-haz, je-ho-a'-haz (yeho'achaz, "Yah has grasped"; Ioachas; 2 Ki 13:1-9): (1) Son of Jehu, and 11th king of Israel. He is stated to have reigned 17 years. 1. Chronology of Reign: Josephus was already aware...
  [smith] (whom the Lord sustains). The son and successor of jehu, reigned 17 years, B.C. 856-840, over Israel in Samaria. His inglorious history is given in (2 Kings 13:1-9) Throughout his reign, ver. (2 Kings 13:22) he was kep...
  [nave] JEHOAHAZ 1. Son of Jehu, and king of Israel, 2 Kin. 10:35; 13:1-9. 2. Son of Jehoram, king of Judah, 2 Chr. 21:17. See: Ahaziah. 3. Called also Shallum. King of Judah, and successor of Josiah, 2 Kin. 23:30, 31; 1 Chr. 3:1...
  

• Writing

  [ebd] The art of writing must have been known in the time of the early Pharaohs. Moses is commanded "to write for a memorial in a book" (Ex. 17:14) a record of the attack of Amalek. Frequent mention is afterwards made of writing (...
  

• Zechariah

  [ebd] Jehovah is renowned or remembered. (1.) A prophet of Judah, the eleventh of the twelve minor prophets. Like Ezekiel, he was of priestly extraction. He describes himself (1:1) as "the son of Berechiah." In Ezra 5:1 and 6:14 h...
  [smith] The eleventh in order of the twelve minor prophets. He is called in his prophecy the son of Berechiah and the grandson of Iddo, whereas in the book of Ezra, (Ezra 5:1; 6:14) he is said to have been the son of Iddo. It is nat...
  [nave] ZECHARIAH 1. A Reubenite, 1 Chr. 5:7. 2. Three Levites in the days of David, 1 Chr. 9:21; 15:18, 20, 24; 16:5; 26:2, 14. 3. A Benjamite, 1 Chr. 9:37. Called Zacher in 1 Chr. 8:31. 4. Two Kohathites, 1 Chr. 24:25; 2 Chr. ...
  

• Azariah

  [isbe] AZARIAH - az-a-ri'-a `azaryahu and `azaryah, "Yahweh has helped"): (1) King of Judah. See UZZIAH. (2) A Judahite of the house of Ethan the Wise (1 Ch 2:8). (3) The son of Jehu, descended from an Egyptian through the daughter...
  [smith] (whom the Lord helps) a common name in Hebrew, and especially in the families of the priests of the line of Eleazar, whose name has precisely the same meaning as Azariah. It is nearly identical, and is often confounded, with ...
  [nave] AZARIAH 1. Son of Ethan, 1 Chr. 2:8. 2. Son of Jehu, 1 Chr. 2:38, 39. 3. Son of Zadok, 1 Kin. 4:2; perhaps identical with No. 6, below. 4. Captain of Solomon's guards, 1 Kin. 4:5. 5. A prophet, called Oded, 2 Chr. 15:1; ...
  

• Birthright

  [ebd] (1.) This word denotes the special privileges and advantages belonging to the first-born son among the Jews. He became the priest of the family. Thus Reuben was the first-born of the patriarchs, and so the priesthood of the ...
  [smith] the advantages accruing to the eldest son. These were not definitely fixed in patriarchal times. Great respect was paid to him in the household, and, as the family widened into a tribe, this grew into a sustained authority, u...
  [nave] BIRTHRIGHT Belonged to the firstborn, Deut. 21:15, 16. Entitled the firstborn to a double portion of inheritance, Deut. 21:15-17; royal succession, 2 Chr. 21:3. An honorable title, Ex. 4:22; Psa. 89:27; Jer. 31:9; Rom. 8:2...
  

• Edomites

  [nave] EDOMITES, called also Edom. Descendants of Esau, Gen. 36. Kings of, Gen. 36:31-39; Num. 20:14; 1 Chr. 1:43-50; Ezek. 32:29; Amos 2:1. Dukes of, Gen. 36:9-43; Ex. 15:15; 1 Chr. 1:51-54. Land of, Gen. 32:3; Deut. 2:4, 5, 12....
  

• Jehoram's Sin and Punishment

  

Who Does What Quiz

Back to Commentary Page