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Text -- 1 Samuel 31:13 (NET)

Strongs On/Off
Context
31:13 They took the bones and buried them under the tamarisk tree at Jabesh; then they fasted for seven days.
Parallel   Cross Reference (TSK)   ITL  

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Jabesh a town of Gilead 20 km SE of Beth-Shan,father of king Shallum


Dictionary Themes and Topics: TAMARISK | Saul | SIEGE | SAMUEL, BOOKS OF | PALESTINE, 2 | Mourning | Mourn | Judges, Book of | Jonathan | Jabesh-gilead | Grove | Fast | FAST; FASTING | ESDRAELON, PLAIN OF | Dagon's house | CORPSE | CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF | Burial | Aphek | ACHISH | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Wesley , JFB , Clarke , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Haydock , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
, Geneva Bible

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , Maclaren , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Keil-Delitzsch , Constable , Guzik

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Wesley: 1Sa 31:13 - -- To testify their sorrow for the loss of Saul, and of the people of God; and to intreat God's favour to prevent the utter extinction of his people. But...

To testify their sorrow for the loss of Saul, and of the people of God; and to intreat God's favour to prevent the utter extinction of his people. But you must not understand this word of fasting strictly, as if they eat nothing for seven whole days; but in a more large sense, as it is used both in sacred and profane writers; that they did eat but little, and that but mean food, and drank only water for that time. This book began with the birth of Samuel, and ends with the death of Saul: The comparing these together will teach us to prefer the honour that comes from God, before all the honours of the world.

JFB: 1Sa 31:11-13 - -- Mindful of the important and timely services Saul had rendered them, they gratefully and heroically resolved not to suffer such indignities to be infl...

Mindful of the important and timely services Saul had rendered them, they gratefully and heroically resolved not to suffer such indignities to be inflicted on the remains of the royal family.

Clarke: 1Sa 31:13 - -- And fasted seven days - To testify their sincere regret for his unfortunate death, and the public calamity that had fallen upon the land Thus ends t...

And fasted seven days - To testify their sincere regret for his unfortunate death, and the public calamity that had fallen upon the land

Thus ends the troublesome, and I had almost said the useless, reign of Saul. A king was chosen in opposition to the will of the Most High; and the government of God in effect rejected, to make way for this king

Saul was at first a very humble young man, and conducted himself with great propriety; but his elevation made him proud, and he soon became tyrannical in his private conduct and in his political measures. His natural temper was not good; he was peevish, fretful, and often outrageous; and these bad dispositions, unchecked by proper application to the grace of God, became every day more headstrong and dangerous. Through their violence he seems at times to have been wholly carried away and deranged; and this derangement appears to have been occasionally greatly exacerbated by diabolical influences. This led him to take his friends for his foes; so that in his paroxysms he strove to imbrue his hands in their blood, and more than once attempted to assassinate his own son; and most causelessly and inhumanly ordered the innocent priests of the Lord at Nob to be murdered. This was the worst act in his whole life

Saul was but ill qualified for a proper discharge of the regal functions. The reader will remember that he was chosen rather as a general of the armies than as civil governor. The administration of the affairs of the state was left chiefly to Samuel, and Saul led forth the armies to battle

As a general he gave proof of considerable capacity; he was courageous, prompt, decisive, and persevering; and, except in the last unfortunate battle in which he lost his life, generally led his troops to victory

Saul was a weak man, and very capricious; this is amply proved by his unreasonable jealousy against David, and his continual suspicion that all were leagued against him. It is also evident, in his foolish adjuration relative to the matter of the honey (see 1Sa 14:24-30, 1Sa 14:38-44) in which, to save his rash and nonsensical oath, he would have sacrificed Jonathan his son

The question, "Was Saul a good king?"has already in effect been answered. He was on the whole a good man, as far as we know, in private life; but he was a bad king; for he endeavored to reign independently of the Jewish constitution; he in effect assumed the sacerdotal office and functions, and thus even changed what was essential to that constitution. He not only offered sacrifices which belonged to the priests alone; but in the most positive manner went opposite to the orders of that God whose vicegerent he was

Of his conduct in visiting the woman at En-dor I have already given my opinion, and to this I must refer. His desperate circumstances imposed on the weakness of his mind; and he did in that instance an act which, in his jurisprudential capacity, he had disapproved by the edict which banished all witches, etc., from Israel. Yet in this act he only wished to avail himself of the counsel and advice of his friend Samuel

To the question, "Was not Saul a self-murderer?"I scruple not to answer, "No."He was to all appearance mortally wounded, when he begged his armor-bearer to extinguish the remaining spark of life; and he was afraid that the Philistines might abuse his body, if they found him alive; and we can scarcely say how much of indignity is implied in this word; and his falling on his sword was a fit of desperation, which doubtless was the issue of a mind greatly agitated, and full of distraction. A few minutes longer, and his life would in all probability have ebbed out; but though this wound accelerated his death, yet it could not be properly the cause of it, as he was mortally wounded before, and did it on the conviction that he could not survive

Taking Saul’ s state and circumstances together, I believe there is not a coroner’ s inquest in this nation that would not have brought in a verdict of derangement; while the pious and the humane would everywhere have consoled themselves with the hope that God had extended mercy to his soul

Millbrook, June 11, 1818

Ended this examination August 13, 1827. - A.C

TSK: 1Sa 31:13 - -- their bones : Gen 35:8; 2Sa 2:4, 2Sa 2:5, 2Sa 21:12-14 fasted seven : Gen 50:10

their bones : Gen 35:8; 2Sa 2:4, 2Sa 2:5, 2Sa 21:12-14

fasted seven : Gen 50:10

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: 1Sa 31:13 - -- Under a tree - Rather, "Under the tamarisk,"a well-known tree at Jabesh which was standing when this narrative was written. They fasted se...

Under a tree - Rather, "Under the tamarisk,"a well-known tree at Jabesh which was standing when this narrative was written.

They fasted seven days - In imitation of the mourning for Jacob (marginal reference). They would give full honor to Saul though he was fallen.

rdrb \brdrs \brdrw30 \brsp20

Poole: 1Sa 31:13 - -- To testify their sorrow for the public loss of Saul, and of the people of God; and to entreat God’ s favour to prevent the utter extinction of ...

To testify their sorrow for the public loss of Saul, and of the people of God; and to entreat God’ s favour to prevent the utter extinction of his people. But you must not understand this word of fasting strictly, as if they eat nothing for seven whole days; but in a more large and general sense, as it is used both in sacred and profane writers; that they did eat but little, and that seldom, and that but mean food, and drunk only water for that time.

Haydock: 1Sa 31:13 - -- Wood. 1 Paralipomenon x. 12., under the oak. --- Days, at their own option. David fasted one day, (Calmet) as he did for Abner. (Salien) --- ...

Wood. 1 Paralipomenon x. 12., under the oak. ---

Days, at their own option. David fasted one day, (Calmet) as he did for Abner. (Salien) ---

There was no obligation of mourning for the kings, though it is probable that those near the royal city, would shew this mark of attention to the deceased monarch. See Jeremias xxxiv. 5., and 2 Paralipomenon xxxv. 25. The usual term of mourning was seven days, Ecclesiasticus xxii. 13. (Calmet) ---

It is very difficult to ascertain the length of Saul's reign. Sanctius and Tirinus allow him only 2 years; Petau 12; Calvisius 15; Salien 18; Bucholeer, and probably Josephus, 20, though most copies of the latter have 38; St. Augustine, Serarius, Usher, &c., 40, which is the term mentioned [in] Acts xiii. 20. But most chronologers suppose that the time of Samuel's administration is there also included. (Haydock) ---

Sulpitius thinks that Saul only "reigned a very short time," as "the ark was brought to Cariathiarim before the appeared on the throne, and was removed by David, after it had been there twenty years."

Gill: 1Sa 31:13 - -- And they took their bones, and buried them under a tree at Jabesh,.... For though they burned the bodies, yet so as to preserve the bones; and these,...

And they took their bones, and buried them under a tree at Jabesh,.... For though they burned the bodies, yet so as to preserve the bones; and these, together with the ashes of the parts burnt, they gathered up, and buried under a tree near this city; this tree is said to be an oak, 1Ch 10:12; so Deborah, the nurse of Rebekah, was buried under an oak, Gen 35:8. The Jews generally interred their dead under some oak, as aforementioned writer observes q; pleased perchance with the parallel, as he expresses it, that as these plants, seemingly dead in winter, have every spring an annual resurrection, so men's dry bones shall have new sap put into them at the day of judgment:

and fasted seven days; not that they ate and drank nothing all that time, but they fasted every day till evening, as the Jews used to do; so long it seems a man may live without eating, but not longer; See Gill on Exo 24:18 and see Gill on 1Ki 19:8; this they did, as Kimchi thinks, in memory of the seven days Nahash the Ammonite gave them for their relief, in which time Saul came and saved them, 1Sa 11:3.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

Geneva Bible: 1Sa 31:13 And they took their bones, and buried [them] under a tree at Jabesh, and ( f ) fasted seven days. ( f ) According to the custom of mourners.

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: 1Sa 31:1-13 - --1 Saul, having lost his army, and his sons slain, he and his armour-bearer kill themselves.7 The Philistines possess the forsaken towns of the Israeli...

Maclaren: 1Sa 31:1-13 - --1 Samuel 31:1-13 The story of Saul's tragic last days is broken in two by the account, in 1 Samuel 29, 30., of David's fortunate dismissal from the in...

MHCC: 1Sa 31:8-13 - --The Scripture makes no mention what became of the souls of Saul and his sons, after they were dead; but of their bodies only: secret things belong not...

Matthew Henry: 1Sa 31:8-13 - -- The scripture makes no mention of the souls of Saul and his sons, what became of them after they were dead (secret things belong not to us), but of ...

Keil-Delitzsch: 1Sa 31:11-13 - -- When the inhabitants of Jabesh in Gilead heard this, all the brave men ofthe town set out to Beth-shean, took down the bodies of Saul and his sonsfr...

Constable: 1Sa 16:1--31:13 - --IV. SAUL AND DAVID 1 Sam. 16--31 The basic theme in Samuel, that blessing, and in particular fertility of all ki...

Constable: 1Sa 27:1--31:13 - --4. The end of Saul's reign chs 27-31 David's commitment to God resulted in his continuing to be ...

Constable: 1Sa 31:1-13 - --The death of Saul ch. 31 The scene shifts back to Mt. Gilboa in the North. Saul's battle...

Constable: 1Sa 31:7-13 - --The aftermath of the battle 31:7-13 The other Israelite soldiers retreated when ...

Guzik: 1Sa 31:1-13 - --1 Samuel 31 - The Death of Saul and His Sons A. King Saul and his sons die in battle. 1. (1) The battle turns against Israel. Now the Philistines ...

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Introduction / Outline

JFB: 1 Samuel (Book Introduction) THE FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF SAMUEL. The two were, by the ancient Jews, conjoined so as to make one book, and in that form could be called the Book o...

JFB: 1 Samuel (Outline) OF ELKANAH AND HIS TWO WIVES. (1Sa 1:1-8) HANNAH'S PRAYER. (1Sa 1:9-18) SAMUEL BORN. (1Sa 1:20) HANNAH'S SONG IN THANKFULNESS TO GOD. (1Sa 2:1-11) TH...

TSK: 1 Samuel (Book Introduction) The First Book of SAMUEL, otherwise called " The First Book of the KINGS."

TSK: 1 Samuel 31 (Chapter Introduction) Overview 1Sa 31:1, Saul, having lost his army, and his sons slain, he and his armour-bearer kill themselves; 1Sa 31:7, The Philistines possess the...

Poole: 1 Samuel (Book Introduction) FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL OTHERWISE CALLED THE FIRST BOOK OF THE KINGS. THE ARGUMENT. IT is not certainly known who was the penman of this Book, or whe...

Poole: 1 Samuel 31 (Chapter Introduction) SAMUEL CHAPTER 31 The Israelites are smitten by the Philistines: Saul’ s sons are slain: Saul is wounded: he falleth on his own sword; as doth...

MHCC: 1 Samuel (Book Introduction) In this book we have an account of Eli, and the wickedness of his sons; also of Samuel, his character and actions. Then of the advancement of Saul to ...

MHCC: 1 Samuel 31 (Chapter Introduction) (1Sa 31:1-7) Saul's defeat and death. (1Sa 31:8-13) Saul's body rescued by the men of Jabesh-gilead.

Matthew Henry: 1 Samuel (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The First Book of Samuel This book, and that which follows it, bear the name of Samuel in the title, ...

Matthew Henry: 1 Samuel 31 (Chapter Introduction) In the foregoing chapter we had David conquering, yea, more than a conqueror. In this chapter we have Saul conquered and worse than a captive. Prov...

Constable: 1 Samuel (Book Introduction) Introduction Title First and Second Samuel were originally one book called the Book of...

Constable: 1 Samuel (Outline) Outline I. Eli and Samuel chs. 1-3 A. The change from barrenness to fertility 1:1-2:10 ...

Constable: 1 Samuel 1 Samuel Bibliography Ackroyd, Peter R. The First Book of Samuel. Cambridge Bible Commentary on the New English...

Haydock: 1 Samuel (Book Introduction) THE FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL; otherwise called, THE FIRST BOOK OF KINGS. INTRODUCTION. This and the following Book are called by the Hebrews, the...

Gill: 1 Samuel (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO 1 SAMUEL This book, in the Hebrew copies, is commonly called Samuel, or the Book of Samuel; in the Syriac version, the Book of Samu...

Gill: 1 Samuel 31 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO FIRST SAMUEL 31 This chapter gives an account of the battle between the Philistines and the Israelites, which had been preparing fo...

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