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Text -- 1 Timothy 5:18 (NET)

Strongs On/Off
Context
5:18 For the scripture says, “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain,” and, “The worker deserves his pay.”
Parallel   Cross Reference (TSK)   ITL  
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Robertson , Vincent , Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Calvin , Defender , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Haydock , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Barclay , Constable , College

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Robertson: 1Ti 5:18 - -- Thou shalt not muzzle ( ou phimōseis ). Prohibition by ou and future (volitive) indicative of phimoō (from phimos , muzzle), old word, quoted...

Thou shalt not muzzle ( ou phimōseis ).

Prohibition by ou and future (volitive) indicative of phimoō (from phimos , muzzle), old word, quoted also in 1Co 9:9 as here from Deu 25:4, and for the same purpose, to show the preacher’ s right to pay for his work. See note on 1Co 9:9 for aloōnta ( when he treadeth out the corn ).

Robertson: 1Ti 5:18 - -- The labourer is worthy of his hire ( axios ho ergatēs tou misthou autou ). These words occur in precisely this form in Luk 10:7. It appears also in...

The labourer is worthy of his hire ( axios ho ergatēs tou misthou autou ).

These words occur in precisely this form in Luk 10:7. It appears also in Mat 10:10 with tēs trophēs (food) instead of tou misthou . In 1Co 9:14 Paul has the sense of it and says: "so also the Lord ordained,"clearly meaning that Jesus had so said. It only remains to tell whether Paul here is quoting an unwritten saying of Jesus as he did in Act 20:35 or even the Gospel of Luke or Q (the Logia of Jesus). There is no way to decide this question. If Luke wrote his Gospel before a.d. 62 as is quite possible and Acts by a.d. 63, he could refer to the Gospel. It is not clear whether Scripture is here meant to apply to this quotation from the Lord Jesus. For ergatēs (labourer) see note on Phi 3:2.

Vincent: 1Ti 5:18 - -- The Scripture ( ἡ γραφή ) Comp. 2Ti 3:16. To the Jews ἡ γραφή signified the O.T. canon of Scripture; but in most cases ἡ ...

The Scripture ( ἡ γραφή )

Comp. 2Ti 3:16. To the Jews ἡ γραφή signified the O.T. canon of Scripture; but in most cases ἡ γραφή is used of a particular passage of Scripture which is indicated in the context. See Joh 7:38, Joh 7:42; Act 1:16; Act 8:32, Act 8:35; Rom 4:3; Rom 9:17; Rom 10:11; Gal 3:8. Where the reference is to the sacred writings as a whole, the plural γραφαὶ or αἱ γραφαὶ is used, as Mat 21:42; Luk 24:32; Joh 5:39; Rom 15:4. Once γραφαὶ ἅγιαι holy Scriptures, Rom 1:2. Ἑτέρα γραφὴ another or a different Scripture , Joh 19:37; ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη this Scripture, Luk 4:21; πᾶσα γραφὴ every Scripture , 2Ti 3:16. See on writings , Joh 2:22. The passage cited here is Deu 25:4, also by Paul, 1Co 9:9.

Vincent: 1Ti 5:18 - -- Thou shalt not muzzle ( οὐ φιμώσεις ) In N.T. mostly in the metaphorical sense of putting to silence . See on speechless , Ma...

Thou shalt not muzzle ( οὐ φιμώσεις )

In N.T. mostly in the metaphorical sense of putting to silence . See on speechless , Mat 22:12, and see on put to silence , Mat 22:34. Also see on Mar 4:39. On the whole passage see note on 1Co 9:9.

Vincent: 1Ti 5:18 - -- That treadeth out ( ἀλοῶντα ) More correctly, while he is treading out . The verb only here and 1Co 9:9,1Co 9:10. Comp. ἁ...

That treadeth out ( ἀλοῶντα )

More correctly, while he is treading out . The verb only here and 1Co 9:9,1Co 9:10. Comp. ἅλων a threshing-floor , Mat 3:12; Luk 3:17. An analogy to the O.T. injunction may be found in the laws giving to the Athenians by the mythical Triptolemus, one of which was, " Hurt not the laboring beast." Some one having violated this command by slaying a steer which was eating the sacred cake that lay upon the altar, - an expiation-feast, Bouphonia or Diipolta was instituted for the purpose of atoning for this offense, and continued to be celebrated in Athens. Aristophanes refers to it ( Clouds , 985). A laboring ox was led to the altar of Zeus on the Acropolis, which was strewn with wheat and barley. As soon as the ox touched the grain, he was killed by a blow from an axe. The priest who struck the blow threw away the axe and fled. The flesh of the ox was then eaten, and the hide was stuffed and set before the plough. Then began the steer-trial before a judicial assembly in the Prytaneum, by which the axe was formally condemned to be thrown into the sea.

Vincent: 1Ti 5:18 - -- The laborer is worthy, etc. A second scriptural quotation would seem to be indicated, but there is no corresponding passage in the O.T. The words...

The laborer is worthy, etc.

A second scriptural quotation would seem to be indicated, but there is no corresponding passage in the O.T. The words are found Luk 10:7, and, with a slight variation, Mat 10:10. Some hold that the writer adds to the O.T. citation a popular proverb, and that Christ himself used the words in this way. But while different passages of Scripture are often connected in citation by καὶ , it is not according, to N.T. usage thus to connect Scripture and proverb. Moreover, in such series of citations it is customary to use καὶ πάλιν and again, or πάλιν simply. See Mat 4:7; Mat 5:33; Joh 12:39; Rom 15:9-12; 1Co 3:20; Heb 1:5; Heb 2:13. According to others, the writer here cites an utterance of Christ from oral tradition, coordinately with the O.T. citation, as Scripture. Paul, in 1Th 4:15; 1Co 7:10, appeals to a word of the Lord ; and in Act 10:35 he is represented as quoting " it is more blessed to give than to receive" as the words of Jesus. In 1 Corinthians 9, in the discussion of this passage from Deuteronomy, Paul adds (1Co 9:14) " even so hath the Lord ordained that they which preach the gospel should live of the gospel," which resembles the combination here. This last is the more probable explanation.

Wesley: 1Ti 5:18 - -- Deu 25:4

JFB: 1Ti 5:18 - -- (Deu 25:4; quoted before in 1Co 9:9).

(Deu 25:4; quoted before in 1Co 9:9).

JFB: 1Ti 5:18 - -- Greek, An ox while treading.

Greek, An ox while treading.

JFB: 1Ti 5:18 - -- Or "hire"; quoted from Luk 10:7, whereas Mat 10:10 has "his meat," or "food." If Paul extends the phrase, "Scripture saith," to this second clause, as...

Or "hire"; quoted from Luk 10:7, whereas Mat 10:10 has "his meat," or "food." If Paul extends the phrase, "Scripture saith," to this second clause, as well as to the first, he will be hereby recognizing the Gospel of Luke, his own helper (whence appears the undesigned appositeness of the quotation), as inspired Scripture. This I think the correct view. The Gospel according to Luke was probably in circulation then about eight or nine years. However, it is possible "Scripture saith" applies only to the passage quoted from Deu 25:4; and then his quotation will be that of a common proverb, quoted also by the Lord, which commends itself to the approval of all, and is approved by the Lord and His apostle.

Clarke: 1Ti 5:18 - -- The Scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox - This is a manifest proof that by τιμη, honor, in the preceding verse, the apostle means sal...

The Scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox - This is a manifest proof that by τιμη, honor, in the preceding verse, the apostle means salary or wages: "Let the elders that rule well be accounted worthy of double honor,"a larger salary than any of the official widows mentioned before, for "the laborer is worthy of his hire."The maintenance of every man in the Church should be in proportion to his own labor, and the necessities of his family. He that does no work should have no wages. In the Church of Christ there never can be a sinecure. They who minister at the altar should live by the altar; the ox that treadeth out the corn should not be muzzled; the laborer is worthy of his hire: but the altar should not support him who does not minister at it; if the ox won’ t tread out the corn, let him go to the common or be muzzled; if the man will not labor, let him have no hire.

Calvin: 1Ti 5:18 - -- 18.Thou shalt not muzzle the ox This is a political precept which recommends to us equity and humanity 101 in general; as we have said in expounding ...

18.Thou shalt not muzzle the ox This is a political precept which recommends to us equity and humanity 101 in general; as we have said in expounding the First Epistle to the Corinthians; 102 for, if he forbids us to be unkind to brute animals, how much greater humanity does he demand towards men! The meaning of this statement, therefore, is the same as if it had been said in general terns, that they must not make a wrong use of the labor of others. At the present day, the custom of treading out the corn is unknown in many parts of France, where they thresh the corn with flails. None but the inhabitants of Provence know what is meant by “treading it out.” But this has nothing to do with the meaning; for the same thing may be said about ploughing.

The laborer is worthy of his hire He does not quote this as a passage of Scripture, but as a proverbial saying, which common sense teaches to all. In like manner, when Christ said the same thing to the Apostles, (Mat 10:10,) he brought forward nothing else than a statement approved by universal consent. It follows that they are cruel, and have forgotten the claims of equity, who permit cattle to suffer hunger; and incomparably worse are they that act the same part towards men, whose sweat they suck out for their own accommodation. And how intolerable is the ingratitude of those who refuse support to their pastors, to whom they cannot pay an adequate salary!

Defender: 1Ti 5:18 - -- This quotation from Deu 25:4 was also cited in 1Co 9:7-11, specifically 1Co 9:9.

This quotation from Deu 25:4 was also cited in 1Co 9:7-11, specifically 1Co 9:9.

Defender: 1Ti 5:18 - -- This reference is a remarkable testimony to the divine inspiration of the gospel of Luke, with Paul quoting Luk 10:7 as authoritative Scripture. Paul ...

This reference is a remarkable testimony to the divine inspiration of the gospel of Luke, with Paul quoting Luk 10:7 as authoritative Scripture. Paul had been accompanied by Luke on some of his earlier missionary voyages. Luke would even be with him in his last days (2Ti 4:11), Paul probably had frequent contact with his physician throughout later life. He must have had ample opportunity to read Luke's gospel, perhaps even helping him with its composition. He realized not only that it was truly a product of the Spirit's inspiration, but also that these particular words had been spoken by the Lord Jesus and were of special importance in this connection."

TSK: 1Ti 5:18 - -- the scripture : Rom 4:3, Rom 9:17, Rom 10:11, Rom 11:2; Gal 3:8; Jam 4:5 Thou : Deu 25:4; 1Co 9:9, 1Co 9:10 The labourer : Lev 19:13; Deu 24:14, Deu 2...

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: 1Ti 5:18 - -- For the Scripture saith - This is adduced as a reason why a church should show all due respect and care for its ministers. The reason is, that ...

For the Scripture saith - This is adduced as a reason why a church should show all due respect and care for its ministers. The reason is, that as God took care to make provision for the laboring ox, much more should due attention be paid to those who labor for the welfare of the church.

Thou shalt not muzzle the ox - see this passage explained, and its bearing on such an argument shown, in the notes on 1Co 9:8-10.

And, The labourer is worthy of his reward - This expression is found substantially in Mat 10:10, and Luk 10:7. It does not occur in so many words in the Old Testament, and yet the apostle adduces it evidently as a quotation from the Scriptures, and as authority in the case. It would seem probable, therefore, that he had seen the Gospel by Matthew or by Luke, and that he quoted this as a part of Scripture, and regarded the Book from which he made the quotation as of the same authority as the Old Testament. If so, then this may be regarded as an attestation of the apostle to the inspiration of the "Gospel"in which it was found.

Poole: 1Ti 5:18 - -- This verse maketh it evident that maintenance is part of the double honour that is due to such as labour in the word and doctrine in the first pla...

This verse maketh it evident that maintenance is part of the double honour that is due to such as labour in the word and doctrine in the first place: and not to them alone, but to any such as are employed in the rule and government of the church. The apostle had made use of Deu 25:4 to the same purpose, 1Co 9:9 : neither of these texts conclude the duty of elders to take maintenance, but the duty of those who are members of churches to give it them, which they may refuse, as Paul himself did, if either the people’ s or minister’ s circumstances call for or will allow such a thing.

Haydock: 1Ti 5:17-18 - -- The priests, or ancient ministers, (i.e. bishops, priests, &c.) deserve a double honour; i.e. to be more liberally supplied and maintained by the f...

The priests, or ancient ministers, (i.e. bishops, priests, &c.) deserve a double honour; i.e. to be more liberally supplied and maintained by the flock, especially when they labour in preaching the word. ---

Thou shalt not muzzle, &c. See 1 Corinthians ix. 9. (Witham) ---

It is the obligation of the faithful to provide a decent maintenance for their pastors, and the duty of pastors to be content with little. Happy the church where there is no further difference found than between the liberality of the former and the disinterestedness of the latter!

Gill: 1Ti 5:18 - -- In Deu 25:4 thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn; See Gill on 1Co 9:9. See Gill on 1Co 9:10. The ox, for its strength and labo...

In Deu 25:4

thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn; See Gill on 1Co 9:9. See Gill on 1Co 9:10. The ox, for its strength and labour, is a fit emblem of a Gospel minister; and its treading the corn out of the husk and ear aptly represents the beating out, as it were, of Gospel truths, by the ministers of it, their making the doctrines of the Gospel clear, plain, and evident to the understandings of men; wherefore, as the ox was not muzzled when it trod out the corn, but might freely and largely feed upon it, so such who labour in the preaching of the Gospel ought to have a sufficient and competent maintenance: for which purpose this citation is made, as also the following:

and the labourer is worthy of his reward; which seems to be taken from Luk 10:7 which Gospel was now written, and in the hands of the apostle; who here, by two testimonies, the one from Moses, and the other from Christ, supports the right of the honourable maintenance of the ministers of the Gospel.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Ti 5:18 A quotation from Luke 10:7.

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: 1Ti 5:1-25 - --1 Rules to be observed in reproving.3 Of widows.17 Of elders.23 A precept for Timothy's health.24 Some men's sins go before unto judgment, and some me...

MHCC: 1Ti 5:17-25 - --Care must be taken that ministers are maintained. And those who are laborious in this work are worthy of double honour and esteem. It is their just du...

Matthew Henry: 1Ti 5:17-25 - -- Here are directions, I. Concerning the supporting of ministers. Care must be taken that they be honourably maintained (1Ti 5:17): Let the elders th...

Barclay: 1Ti 5:17-22 - --Here is a series of the most practical regulations for the life and administration of the Church. (i) Elders are to be properly honoured and properly ...

Barclay: 1Ti 5:17-22 - --(iii) Those who persist in sin are to be publicly rebuked. That public rebuke had a double value. It sobered the sinner into a consideration of his ...

Constable: 1Ti 5:3-25 - --C. How to deal with widows and elders 5:3-25 Paul now addressed how Timothy was to deal with the two mai...

Constable: 1Ti 5:17-25 - --2. The discipline and selection of elders 5:17-25 Another group in the church deserved Timothy's special attention. Therefore Paul gave instructions c...

College: 1Ti 5:1-25 - --1 TIMOTHY 5 VI. RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY (5:1-6:2) In this section Paul gives Timothy instructions for dealing with special grou...

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Introduction / Outline

Robertson: 1 Timothy (Book Introduction) First Timothy Probably a.d. 65 From Macedonia By Way of Introduction Assuming the Pauline authorship the facts shape up after this fashion. Pau...

JFB: 1 Timothy (Book Introduction) GENUINENESS.--The ancient Church never doubted of their being canonical and written by Paul. They are in the Peschito Syriac version of the second cen...

JFB: 1 Timothy (Outline) ADDRESS: PAUL'S DESIGN IN HAVING LEFT TIMOTHY AT EPHESUS, NAMELY, TO CHECK FALSE TEACHERS; TRUE USE OF THE LAW; HARMONIZING WITH THE GOSPEL; GOD'S GR...

TSK: 1 Timothy (Book Introduction) This Epistle bears the impress of its genuineness and authenticity, which are corroborated by the most decisive external evidence; and its Divine insp...

TSK: 1 Timothy 5 (Chapter Introduction) Overview 1Ti 5:1, Rules to be observed in reproving; 1Ti 5:3, Of widows; 1Ti 5:17, Of elders; 1Ti 5:23, A precept for Timothy’s health; 1Ti 5:24...

Poole: 1 Timothy 5 (Chapter Introduction) TIMOTHY CHAPTER 5

MHCC: 1 Timothy (Book Introduction) The design of the epistle appears to be, that Timothy having been left at Ephesus, St. Paul wrote to instruct him in the choice of proper officers in ...

MHCC: 1 Timothy 5 (Chapter Introduction) (1Ti 5:1, 1Ti 5:2) Directions as to the elder and younger men and women. (1Ti 5:3-8) And as to poor widows. (1Ti 5:9-16) Concerning widows. (1Ti 5:...

Matthew Henry: 1 Timothy (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The First Epistle of St. Paul to Timothy Hitherto Paul's epistles were directed to churches; now follow...

Matthew Henry: 1 Timothy 5 (Chapter Introduction) Here the apostle, I. Directs Timothy how to reprove (1Ti 5:1, 1Ti 5:2). II. Adverts to widows, both elder and younger (1Ti 5:3-16). III. To elde...

Barclay: 1 Timothy (Book Introduction) A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE LETTERS OF PAUL The Letters Of Paul There is no more interesting body of documents in the New Testament than the letter...

Barclay: 1 Timothy 5 (Chapter Introduction) The Duty To Reprimand (1Ti_5:1-2) The Relationships Of Life (1Ti_5:1-2 Continued) Church And Family Duty (1Ti_5:3-8) An Honoured And A Useful Old...

Constable: 1 Timothy (Book Introduction) Introduction Historical background Timothy apparently became a Christian as a result o...

Constable: 1 Timothy (Outline) Outline I. Salutation 1:1-2 II. Timothy's mission in Ephesus 1:3-20 A. T...

Constable: 1 Timothy 1 Timothy Bibliography Andrews, J. N. "May Women Speak in Meeting?" Review and Herald. January 2, 1879. Reprint...

Haydock: 1 Timothy (Book Introduction) THE FIRST EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL, THE APOSTLE, TO TIMOTHY. INTRODUCTION. St. Paul passing through Lycaonia, about the year 51, some of the brethr...

Gill: 1 Timothy (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO 1 TIMOTHY Timothy, to whom this epistle is written, was eminent for his early piety and acquaintance with the sacred Scriptures; hi...

Gill: 1 Timothy 5 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO 1 TIMOTHY 5 In this chapter the apostle lays down rules about the manner of rebuking persons, suitable to their several ages; gives...

College: 1 Timothy (Book Introduction) FOREWORD A movement which prides itself in its back-to-the-Bible underpinnings and its plea for unity should welcome any effort of the stature of the...

College: 1 Timothy (Outline) OUTLINE I. THE SALUTATION - 1:1-2 II. PAUL'S CHARGE TO TIMOTHY - 1:3-20 A. The Charge and the False Teachers - 1:3-7 B. The Lawful Use of...

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