Text -- 1 Chronicles 2:1-24 (NET)

Israel’s Descendants

2:1 These were the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah; Issachar and Zebulun; 2:2 Dan, Joseph, and Benjamin; Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.

Judah’s Descendants

2:3 The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, and Shelah. These three were born to him by Bathshua, a Canaanite woman. Er, Judah’s firstborn, displeased the Lord, so the Lord killed him. 2:4 Tamar, Judah’s daughter-in-law, bore to him Perez and Zerah. Judah had five sons in all. 2:5 The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul. 2:6 The sons of Zerah: Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Kalkol, Dara– five in all. 2:7 The son of Carmi: Achan, who brought the disaster on Israel when he stole what was devoted to God. 2:8 The son of Ethan: Azariah. 2:9 The sons born to Hezron: Jerahmeel, Ram, and Caleb.

Ram’s Descendants

2:10 Ram was the father of Amminadab, and Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, the tribal chief of Judah. 2:11 Nahshon was the father of Salma, and Salma was the father of Boaz. 2:12 Boaz was the father of Obed, and Obed was the father of Jesse. 2:13 Jesse was the father of Eliab, his firstborn; Abinadab was born second, Shimea third, 2:14 Nethanel fourth, Raddai fifth, 2:15 Ozem sixth, David seventh. 2:16 Their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. Zeruiah’s three sons were Abshai, Joab, and Asahel. 2:17 Abigail bore Amasa, whose father was Jether the Ishmaelite.

Caleb’s Descendants

2:18 Caleb son of Hezron fathered sons by his wife Azubah (also known as Jerioth). Her sons were Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon. 2:19 When Azubah died, Caleb married Ephrath, who bore him Hur. 2:20 Hur was the father of Uri, and Uri was the father of Bezalel. 2:21 Later Hezron had sexual relations with the daughter of Makir, the father of Gilead. (He had married her when he was sixty years old.) She bore him Segub. 2:22 Segub was the father of Jair, who owned twenty-three cities in the land of Gilead. 2:23 (Geshur and Aram captured the towns of Jair, along with Kenath and its sixty surrounding towns.) All these were descendants of Makir, the father of Gilead. 2:24 After Hezron’s death, Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath, his father Hezron’s widow, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:1

¹ tn The groupings in the list that follows, as well as the conjunctions (vav-consecutives in Hebrew), reflect those of the Hebrew text.

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:3

¹ tn The name means “daughter of Shua.” Shua is identified in Gen 38:2 as a “Canaanite man.”

² tn Heb “was evil in the eyes of the Lord, so he [i.e., the Lord] killed him [i.e., Er].”

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:4

¹ tn Heb “his”; the referent (Judah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:6

¹ tc Many medieval Hebrew mss, some LXX mss, and Syriac read “Darda” (see 1 Kgs 4:31 ET = 1 Kgs 5:11 HT).

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:7

¹ tn Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural, but only one son is listed.

² tc The Hebrew text has “Achar,” which means “disaster,” but a few medieval Hebrew mss read “Achan.” See Josh 7:1.

³ tn Heb “the troubler of Israel who was unfaithful with respect to the devoted [things].”

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:8

¹ tn Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural, but only one son is listed.

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:9

¹ tn The Hebrew text has “Celubai,” but see v. 18, where Caleb is described as the son of Hezron.

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:11

¹ tc The LXX reads “Salmon” (cf. Ruth 4:21) and is followed by some English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:16

¹ tn In 2 Sam 2:18 this name appears as “Abishai,” a spelling followed by many English versions here.

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:18

¹ tn Heb “and Caleb son of Hezron fathered [children] with Azubah, a wife, and with Jerioth.” Jerioth could be viewed as a second wife (so NLT; cf. also NASB, NIV, NRSV), but the following context mentions only “her [presumably Azubah’s] sons.” Another option, the one chosen in the translation, is that Jerioth is another name for Azubah.

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:19

¹ tn Heb “took for himself.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:21

¹ sn This means “later” in relation to the births of the three sons (Jerahmeel, Ram and Caleb) mentioned in v. 9.

² tn Heb “Hezron went to.”

³ tn Heb “he took,” referring to taking in marriage.

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:23

¹ tn Or “Havvoth Jair” (NIV, NRSV). Some translations do not translate the phrase (“havvoth” = “the towns of”), but treat it as part of the place name.

NET Notes: 1Ch 2:24

¹ tn Heb “And after the death of Hezron in Caleb Ephrathah, and the wife of Hezron, Abijah, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.” Perhaps one could translate: “After Hezron died in Caleb Ephrathah, Abijah, Hezron’s wife, bore to him Ashhur, the father of Tekoa” (cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV). In this case the text suggests that Abijah was born after his father’s death. Because of the awkward syntax and the odd appearance of “Caleb Ephrathah” as a place name, some prefer to emend the text. Some alter בְּכָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה (bÿkhalev ’efratah, “in Caleb Ephrathah”) to בָּא כָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה (bo’ khalev ’efratah, “Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath”) and then change אֲבִיָּה (’aviyyah, “Abijah”) to אָבִיהוּ (’avihu, “his father”). This results in the following translation: “And after Hezron’s death, Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath, his father Hezron’s wife, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa” (cf. NAB). This would mean that Caleb’s second wife Ephrath had actually been his late father’s wife (probably Caleb’s stepmother). Perhaps the text was subsequently altered because Caleb’s actions appeared improper in light of the injunctions in Lev 18:8; 20:11; Deut 22:30; 27:20 (which probably refer, however, to a son having sexual relations with his stepmother while his father is still alive).